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SOCIAL SCIENCELoading...
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RKB PUBLICATIONSLoading...
2022
FOREWORD
The National Curriculum Framework, (NCF) 2005, recommends that children’s life at school must be linked to their life outside the school. This principle marks a departure from the legacy of bookish learning which continues to shape our system and causes a gap between the school, home and community. The syllabi and textbooks developed on the basis of NCF signify an attempt to implement this basic idea. They also attempt to discourage rote learning and the maintenance of sharp boundaries between different subject areas. We hope these measures will take us significantly further in the direction of a child-centred system of education outlined in the National Policy on Education (1986).
The National Curriculum Framework, (NCF) 2005, recommends that children’s life at school must be linked to their life outside the school. This principle marks a departure from the legacy of bookish learning which continues to shape our system and causes a gap between the school, home and community. The syllabi and textbooks developed on the basis of NCF signify an attempt to implement this basic idea. They also attempt to discourage rote learning and the maintenance of sharp boundaries between different subject areas. We hope these measures will take us significantly further in the direction of a child-centred system of education outlined in the National Policy on Education (1986).
The success of this effort depends on the steps that school principals and teachers will take to encourage children to reflect on their own learning and to pursue imaginative activities and questions. We must recognise that, given space, time and freedom, children generate new knowledge by engaging with the information passed on to them by adults. Treating the prescribed textbook as the sole basis of examination is one of the key reasons why other resources and sites of learning are ignored. Including creativity and initiative is possible if we perceive and treat children as participants in learning, not as receivers of a fixed body of knowledge.
CONSTITUTION OF INDIA
Part III (Articles 12 – 35) (Subject to certain conditions, some exceptions and reasonable restrictions) guarantees these Fundamental Rights Right to Equality • before law and equal protection of laws; • irrespective of religion, race, caste, sex or place of birth; • of opportunity in public employment; • by abolition of untouchability and titles. Right to Freedom • of expression, assembly, association, movement, residence and profession; • of certain protections in respect of conviction for offences; • of protection of life and personal liberty; • of free and compulsory education for children between the age of six and fourteen years; • of protection against arrest and detention in certain cases. Right against Exploitation • for prohibition of traffic in human beings and forced labour; • for prohibition of employment of children in hazardous jobs. Right to Freedom of Religion • freedom of conscience and free profession, practice and propagation of religion; • freedom to manage religious affairs; • freedom as to payment of taxes for promotion of any particular religion; • freedom as to attendance at religious instruction or religious worship in educational institutions wholly maintained by the State. Cultural and Educational Rights • for protection of interests of minorities to conserve their language, script and culture; • for minorities to establish and administer educational institutions of their choice. Right to Constitutional Remedies • by issuance of directions or orders or writs by the Supreme Court and High Courts for enforcement of these Fundamental Rights.
Part III (Articles 12 – 35) (Subject to certain conditions, some exceptions and reasonable restrictions) guarantees these Fundamental Rights Right to Equality • before law and equal protection of laws; • irrespective of religion, race, caste, sex or place of birth; • of opportunity in public employment; • by abolition of untouchability and titles. Right to Freedom • of expression, assembly, association, movement, residence and profession; • of certain protections in respect of conviction for offences; • of protection of life and personal liberty; • of free and compulsory education for children between the age of six and fourteen years; • of protection against arrest and detention in certain cases. Right against Exploitation • for prohibition of traffic in human beings and forced labour; • for prohibition of employment of children in hazardous jobs. Right to Freedom of Religion • freedom of conscience and free profession, practice and propagation of religion; • freedom to manage religious affairs; • freedom as to payment of taxes for promotion of any particular religion; • freedom as to attendance at religious instruction or religious worship in educational institutions wholly maintained by the State. Cultural and Educational Rights • for protection of interests of minorities to conserve their language, script and culture; • for minorities to establish and administer educational institutions of their choice. Right to Constitutional Remedies • by issuance of directions or orders or writs by the Supreme Court and High Courts for enforcement of these Fundamental Rights.
CONSTITUTION OF INDIA
Part III (Articles 12 – 35) (Subject to certain conditions, some exceptions and reasonable restrictions) guarantees these Fundamental Rights Right to Equality • before law and equal protection of laws; • irrespective of religion, race, caste, sex or place of birth; • of opportunity in public employment; • by abolition of untouchability and titles. Right to Freedom • of expression, assembly, association, movement, residence and profession; • of certain protections in respect of conviction for offences; • of protection of life and personal liberty; • of free and compulsory education for children between the age of six and fourteen years; • of protection against arrest and detention in certain cases. Right against Exploitation • for prohibition of traffic in human beings and forced labour; • for prohibition of employment of children in hazardous jobs. Right to Freedom of Religion • freedom of conscience and free profession, practice and propagation of religion; • freedom to manage religious affairs; • freedom as to payment of taxes for promotion of any particular religion; • freedom as to attendance at religious instruction or religious worship in educational institutions wholly maintained by the State. Cultural and Educational Rights • for protection of interests of minorities to conserve their language, script and culture; • for minorities to establish and administer educational institutions of their choice. Right to Constitutional Remedies • by issuance of directions or orders or writs by the Supreme Court and High Courts for enforcement of these Fundamental Rights.
Part III (Articles 12 – 35) (Subject to certain conditions, some exceptions and reasonable restrictions) guarantees these Fundamental Rights Right to Equality • before law and equal protection of laws; • irrespective of religion, race, caste, sex or place of birth; • of opportunity in public employment; • by abolition of untouchability and titles. Right to Freedom • of expression, assembly, association, movement, residence and profession; • of certain protections in respect of conviction for offences; • of protection of life and personal liberty; • of free and compulsory education for children between the age of six and fourteen years; • of protection against arrest and detention in certain cases. Right against Exploitation • for prohibition of traffic in human beings and forced labour; • for prohibition of employment of children in hazardous jobs. Right to Freedom of Religion • freedom of conscience and free profession, practice and propagation of religion; • freedom to manage religious affairs; • freedom as to payment of taxes for promotion of any particular religion; • freedom as to attendance at religious instruction or religious worship in educational institutions wholly maintained by the State. Cultural and Educational Rights • for protection of interests of minorities to conserve their language, script and culture; • for minorities to establish and administer educational institutions of their choice. Right to Constitutional Remedies • by issuance of directions or orders or writs by the Supreme Court and High Courts for enforcement of these Fundamental Rights.
FOREST AND WILD LIFE RESOURCES IN INDIA