perfect aspect

Light wood

Remember that the verb "have" is the essential part of perfect aspect. Don't learn it by heart, try to understand it and use it!&#160; good luck!&#160;

Perfect Aspect | The parts of speech | Grammar | Khan Academy

perfect aspect refers to an activity that has been finished or completed.&#160;

1. after you have done something/ after something has happened to you Having finished my dinner, I washed the dishes. Having been warned of the danger, I took extra precautions.

future perfect - By the end of the day, I will have washed the dishes.

1. At some point in the future an action will have been completed

future perfect continuous - By the end of this song, I will have been washing the dishes for half an hour.

perfect infinitive - have + verb's 3rd form

1. to refer to the past activity after modal verbs You should have stayed at home. It can't have been him at the party. You needn't have done it.

present perfect - I have washed the dishes.

1. activity has been completed and you can see the result 2. summing up how many times something has happened until now 3. summing up experience

present perfect continuous - I have been washing the dishes for five hours now and I'm exhausted.

1. to emphasize activity's duration 2. activity has been finished and you can see its immediate result 3. activity has been going on more often recently

past perfect - I had washed the dishes before I went to bed.

1. to talk about activity that happened before another activity in the past

past perfect continuous - I had been washing the dishes for 15 minutes before I realized there was no hot water.

1. to emphasize activity's duration 2. to emphasize some immediate results