Living History: Video Documenatries for the Classroom

Why make video stories?

Documenting real people and events in the world makes learning real for students. When students make video projects, the concepts of politics, culture and history become concrete realities, rather abstract ideas found in textbooks or literature.

More importantly, making documentaries has the ability to put a human face on these situations, as students interview people directly affected by policies and events. This allows students to build empathy for people different from themselves, and makes their learning much more rich and meaningful.

This book describes processes I’ve used with my students as they produce documentaries on our field trips to developing countries. These same techniques can be applied to video stories your students can make in your school and community.

On the cover: students interview the sister-in-law of Kim Phuc, from the famous “napalm girl” photograph.

Planning the documentary

Like any research paper, a documentary needs a thesis (what we call a focus statement) backed by thorough research.

Students need to choose a topic that they feel passionate about, investigate the facts, history and people involved, and begin to develop a story based on a narrow aspect, element or event related to the larger topic.

Keep the idea very small and concise, as video stories can quickly become complicated. Next, they will need to create an outline for the story, and gather quotes and statistics.

Develop a Focus Statement

A single sentence question that this video story will answer. Here are some examples from the videos included in this book:

*Why are rice and beans so important to the Cuban diet?
*How has my experience in Cuba changed the way I think about my assumptions of other people?
*How does the religion/spirituality of the Vietnamese people permeate everyday life?

Write an outline

Create a bulleted list of sub-topics to be covered in your video story, in the order they will appear.

Develop interview questions

Written specifically for each person you will interview, the questions should elicit colorful quotes of this person reacting to the topic.

Interview tips:
*Find interviewees that are knowledgeable about the topic and/or are first hand witnesses
*Don’t ask yes or no questions
*Follow up to clarify any technical terms, jargon or statements that seem confusing
*Ask questions that will elicit colorful, concise statements

See the Resources section for more about writing good interview questions.

Record the documentary

Make a shot list, and record footage you’ll need to illustrate the topic, and document a process or event.

*Be sure to record good natural sounds of the location and people you interact with
*Conduct interviews using proper techniques (see the resources section for more on interview techniques)
*Make notes of the best shots and interview statements so you can use them in editing
*At the end of the day, review your footage for quality and story elements

Post-Production

*Review your original story outline, and assemble footage based on that structure. Adjust the outline if needed.

*Use only the best, most concise soundbites (audio quotes) to keep the story moving.

*During interview statements, cut away to “b-roll” shots to illustrate what they’re talking about.

*Mix and adjust music and audio levels so that you can clearly hear people speaking.

Resources

Digital Storytelling for Social Justice
Written for the International Literacy Association, this article discusses how and why to integrate digital storytelling as a form of cultural literacy into the classroom.

Guide to Producing Student Digital Storytellers
Written for Edsurge, this article provides practical ideas about how to incorporate digital storytelling in the classroom.

Video Journalism For Social Change
This is a free course about how to produce non-fiction video stories and includes projects, lessons and a teacher guide.

Art of the Video Interview
My multitouch book with practical advice about how to develop, produce and edit interviews on video. Photos, videos and sample projects are included.

Digital Storytelling Resources
A list of articles, curriculum and resources for digital storytelling in the classroom.

About the author

Michael Hernandez is an award-winning cinema and journalism teacher in Los Angeles whose work focuses on social justice, digital storytelling and media literacy. He speaks regularly at conferences in the U.S. and abroad, like CUE, ISTE and SXSWEdu on topics related to tech integration and innovative teaching and learning strategies. Michael also leads students and teachers on documentary trips to Vietnam, Cuba and Cambodia as part of an experiential learning program. He is an Apple Distinguished Educator, Google for Education Certified Innovator and PBS Digital Innovator.

Follow him on Twitter and Instagram: @cinehead

www.michael-hernandez.net