Indigenous Tribes of the East Coast - by 2023-24 4th & 5th Grade Class

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Colony: Rhode Island Original Inhabitants: Narragansett by Ziva, Koji, Theo and Olive 4th Poetry

About the Narragansett tribe and when and who it was discovered by  

The Narragansetts reservation area is Rhode Island. The terrain is very flat; there was no real mountains. The soil was well drained, so they could grow corn, beans, squash and sunflowers. 

The Narragansett tribe was not nomadic, which meant that they didn't move around to look for different home locations. The Narragansett tribe was found by Giovanni Verrazano in 1524. Giovanni Verrazano died in 1528 when he was just 43 years old.

This is a picture or drawing of Giovanni da Verrazano&nbsp;

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The Narragansett grew corn, beans, squash, and sunflowers. They fished for cod, salmon, and bass, they mainly fished for food. They gathered fruits, and onions. The Narragansett tribe hunted dear, moose, and bear. They made cakes, chowder, and pudding.

Goverment and relationships with other tribes

While the Narragansett had a large population, when British settlers arrived in the country in the 1600s, they were nearly wiped out. There are very few Narragansett in the twenty-first century. The first European to have contact with the Narragansett was an Italian explorer. He met them in 1524. He told others about a large Indian population in the area. Over the years, more European settlers arrived on the tribe’s land. Because the Narragansett were powerful, they offered protection to smaller tribes in the area. The Narragansett often battled other large tribes in the area. The Narragansett wanted to maintain control over the region. Over the next few decades, more and more white settlers arrived on their land. The New England colonists started King Philip’s War (1675–1676). &nbsp;They declared war on the Native American tribes in the area. These included the Narragansett.

They killed as many as 1,000 Narragansett warriors. They then attacked their villages. Narragansett leaders were lesser chiefs. They were called sachems (SAY-chums). Above them was a grand sachem. He lived in the largest village. This leadership was hereditary. It was passed down to family members. When there were no close male relatives, a female relative might become a sachem. They killed or took hostage many women, children, and elderly tribe members. Many Narragansett lived in small round houses called wigwams. Others lived in larger longhouses. More family members could live together in a longhouse. Narragansett houses were in villages, which had a center town square for gatherings.&nbsp;Many villages also had palisades. These were strong walls built for protection.

A Statue the chief of Narragansett

People living at Narragansett, lived in dome shaped homes called Wigwams. By the end of the war in 1676, ( king Philip's war) only about 200 were left. Some of the survivors were sold to enslavers. Others joined the Niantic tribe. After this, the Niantic tribe changed its name to the Narragansett tribe. The tribe lived on a reservation for more than 200 years. At the end of the 20th century, there were more than 2,000 Narraganset living in the United States. But some explorers found them and the problem happened.

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Colony: Connecticut Original Inhabitants: Mohegan by Max D., Geneva, Ana, Freya, and Ray 4th Mystery Team

The myth of why Connecticut is so bumpy is about a giant named Mushop. Mushop was trying to build a bridge between Martha's garden and the mainland. Suddenly, a crab bit his toe! He was so mad, He picked up a giant rock and threw it all over Connecticut.

It is shocking, but there is actually a myth of the rocks of the so called, "Mohegan hill". The rocks of Mohegan Hill are the home of the Makiawisug, or Little People. After nightfall, the call of the Whip-poor-will signals them arriving. They are good spirits, but the Mohegans know they must be treated with respect, according to tradition. It is important to leave baskets of food, such as corn cakes and berries, or even meat in the woods for them. Wearing moccasin flowers for shoes, they gather the gifts at night. In fact, Makiawisug means "whip-poor-will moccasins.

Where tribe lived prior to European contact

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➋ Quisque leo tortor, rhoncus commodo malesuada non, vulputate porta leo. Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. ➌ Nulla leo eros, gravida at maximus a, fermentum in turpis. Donec non lacus justo. ➍ Mauris mollis purus ut nibh sodales, nec ornare enim sodales.

What does the tribe's symbol mean?

The thirteen white dots on their tribe symbol represent thirteen moons, the thirteen sections on the shell of a turtle, and going back thirteen generations.

The Mohegan tribe's arch enemies were the Pequot. The Pequot were friends with the Mohegan tribe at first, but one conflict caused them to have a big fight that led them to war.

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When the Mohegan tribe was eating, they mainly ate corn. 

When the Mohegan hunt they use wooden bows. The Mohegan hunt deer, squirrels, and rabbits.

Besides corn the Mohegan ate squash, beans, and fruits.

Colony: Pennsylvania Original Inhabitants: Seneca by Ketra, Emma, Max and Jasper 5th Historical Fiction Team

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Current reservation area

Currently, the Seneca tribe is in Six Nations Reserve, Canada. Some of them stayed in New York during the Revolutionary War. The Seneca tribe would like to live near lakes, valleys, and rivers for natural features.

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The Six Nations Reserve, Canada

Where tribe lived prior to European contact

Prior to European contact, the Seneca tribe lived between Seneca lake and Genesee River in New York State. The Seneca tribe's terrain mostly contained of lakes, valleys, and rivers.

Seneca's territory before European contact

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<ul><li>Seneca men hunted deer, rabbits, and bears. They also fished and gather wild food.</li></ul>

<ul><li>Seneca women grew corn, beans, and squash.</li></ul>

<ul><li>Seneca men went on an annual hunt and came back min winter</li></ul>

<ul><li>spring was the fishing season</li></ul>

by Emma Hess The Seneca lived in log houses. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; The Longhouses were&nbsp;large, rectangular homes made of a wooden frame covered in bark. related families lived together in a single longhouse. The log houses are about 20 feet wide and 20 feet high. The Seneca has a population of 8,000 people. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; North American Indians of the Iroquoian linguistic group. Lived in what is now New York's state and eastern Ohio.

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The Seneca tribe had a population of 8,000 citizens. fewer than 50 people now knows the Seneca language. Two of them are centered in New York: the Seneca Nation of Indians, with five territories in western New York near Buffalo; and the Tonawanda Seneca Nation.

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Colony: New Jersey Original Inhabitants: Lenni Lenape (Delaware) by Emma, Eloise, Jace, Colin 4th Historical Fiction

The Lenni Lenape now live in Oklahoma, Kansas, Missouri, Wisconsin, Ontario, Canada, and New Jersey.

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➋The area where the Lenni Lenape used to live had geography that was very interesting, they used to live in New Jersey, Delaware and Pennslyvania. ➌ In New Jersey there are pine forest and salt marshes. The winters are cold and snowy and the summers are wet, humid and warm. The topsoil in new jersey is rich in organic materials, witch is good for growing food. ➍ New Jersey is hilly in the north and flat in the south. The natural features of new jersey are beaches, pine barrens palisades and swamp marshes. Blueberries, cranberries, peaches, tomato's, bell peppers, eggplant, cucumbers, apples, spinach, squash and asparagus all grow well here. &nbsp;The lenni Lenape were nomadic witch means they moved around a lot and they didn't have a regular home location. &nbsp;

Government And Relationships with others

The Lenni Lenape interacted with Europeans a lot but not always in violent ways. In 1524 the italian explorer Giovani De Verrazzano was sailing on behalf of the king of France. when he was greeted by the Lenni Lenape when he arrived in the area that is now Lower New York Bay, this was the first recorded contact with the Lenni Lenape and European settlers. In the 1600s Dutch traders arrived in the region the Lenni Lenape was one of the indigenous nations that traded with these explorers. They exchanged wampum and furs for axes and other stuff. Europeans kept coming to north America because they wanted land and to control all resources. The Lenni Lenape however, did not want to give up their lands.

William Penn was the founder of the Pennsylvania colony. He made treaties with the Lenni Lenape starting in the 1680s, one of the treaties was "The Treaty of Shackamaxon" Which was signed in 1682. William Penn and the Lenni Lenape agreed to live in peace. In 1737 John Penn Thomas Penn (William Penn's sons) and James Logan made a plan to steal Lenni Lenape's land. Logan had a copy of a deed from a land sale in 1686. Logan told the Lenni Lenape that there ancestors agreed to give as much land as a man could walk on in a day in a half. There were no signatures on the deed so it was an illegal paper. A dude named Andrew Hamilton showed them a map that had only one region in it.&nbsp;The Delaware leaders agreed to the deal when they were told they wouldn't be forced to leave their homes. In September 1737, three men started running through the lands. After a day and a half, one of the men ran sixty miles. This was called The Walking Purchase. The Lenni Lenape refused to leave, they knew that they had been cheated from their lands but the colonists forced them farther and farther west and by the 18th century the Lenni Lenape were as far west as the Ohio river.

Dark wood

Lenni Lenape’s tribe lived in single doorway wood huts, called “Wigwams”. They were built next to rivers and creeks. They utilized natural resources to build their homes. Wigwams are made of wooden frames, mats and bricks. When a family builds a wigwam, it is usually about eight feet in the center, and seven feet in diameter. The size was chosen on the piece of land they inhabited. Wigwams also lasts one month, so every month they might rebuild them.

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Most of the women was mostly in charge of the territory rights. However, the men was very responsible for hunting, tribe protection, building and clearing the land of farming and building on. The women were the cultivators of society. The planted the crops and gathered even more than they have got, even though it was rare for women to hunt. The women were known for preparing food for everyone. The women were creating furniture such as pottery, clothing, etc.. But both genders took part in traditional medicine, artwork, music and storytelling.

&nbsp; The Lenni tribe has a matrilineal system and historically was matrilocal. Kids belong to their mother’s clan, which they gain social status, and identity. The mother’s oldest brother was more trusted at the mentor to the male kids than was their father, who was another clan.

Colony: Delaware Original Inhabitants: Nanticoke by Jack, Max S, Milo, Pearl and Etta 4th Realistic Fiction Team

¹ there are two maps, the first one shows Delaware with the shaded section being the Sussex county. The second one is a close-up of Sussex county with the red part being Millsboro area where the Nanticoke tribe is.

pronunciation: Sussex (suh-six) Millsboro (mills-buh-roh) Nanticoke (nan-tuh-coke

nanticoke terrain is flat with lots of trees

Nanticoke additional research and facts

this is the Nanticoke symbol

here are some of their traditions: <ol><li>hoop dancing </li><li>hunting</li></ol>

➊ = a dancer jumps, spins and dances with a hoop traditionally while telling stories ➋ = a hunter goes and finds the biggest deer they can find then they sacrifice it to the gods and say their prayers.

More about Nanticoke that is not about food :) <a href="https://nanticokeindians.org/about/culture/">Culture – Nanticoke Indian Tribe (nanticokeindians.org)</a>

pronunciation

Lifestyle, Community, and Housing

The Nanticoke tribe lived in wigwams which were made of wooden frames which are covered with woven mats and sheets of birch bark. The frame can be shaped like a dome, like a cone, or like a rectangle with an arched roof. Once the birch bark is in place, ropes or strips of wood are wrapped around the wigwam to hold the bark in place.

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Pow wow 2023 Nanticoke Lenape Nation

Colony: Virginia Original Inhabitants: Powhatan By Naia, Imogen V, Reid, Zuzu, and Liam 5th Mystery Team

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<ul><li>The Powhatan tribe was, and is, a group of Indigenous peoples who live in the&nbsp;Virginia and New England area of the United States. Currently, around 3000 members of this tribe still live in these regions. And, some Powhatan people live as far north as New Jersey and Pennsylvania.</li></ul>

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Map of where the powhatan tribe lived prior to European contact.

Where powhatans lived prior to European contact

<ul><li>The Powhatan native American lands encompassed&nbsp;all of the tidewater Virginia area, from the south side of the James River north to the Potomac River, and parts of the Eastern Shore, an area they called Tsenacommacah. Its span was approximately 100 miles by 100 miles.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</li><li>&nbsp;At the time the English arrived in 1607, ancestors of the Powhatans had been living in eastern Virginia for thousands of years.&nbsp;&nbsp; </li></ul>

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Powhatan lifestyle, community, and housing

If you were a member of the Powhatan tribe, your house would be made out of a sapling frame and woven mats draped across the frame. If you were a woman you would sew clothes and make dinner for the tribe. If you were a man then you would hunt for food, and if you were a child then you would protect crops and other small jobs.

Farming was the main source of food for the Powhatan tribe. Most of the villages were built on riverbanks so that the people could get on canoes and go fishing. Villages built on riverbanks also meant that the soil was better for farming and planting food. All the villages were surrounded by gardens with vegetables and crops. The crops were planted in different fields each year, and the unplanted fields were able/allowed to go completely wiled for just one season so the soil could gain nutrients for crops later. sometimes when all the food and resources were used up, the whole entire village would need to move out.

The Powhatan were a large tribe mostly in the colony of Virginia. The Powhatan tribe was a chiefdom. The first tribe chief, Wahunsenacawh, was named chief Powhatan. His daughter, Pocahontas, was captured by British soldiers (you may know her from the 1995 film). By the time the English settlers arrived, Wahunsenacawh had conquered at least 30 other tribes. 	While there was a chief, most of the Powhatan governance was up to the individual tribes themselves. 	The Powhatan had mostly negative relations with other confederacies. They were knowns for taking captives and those captives became tribe members. 	They were constantly at warfare with other tribes, and that probably had negative effect on their economy and life-styling. They did have some trade relations with other tribes and the English settlers. Some of the things they traded were shells, copper, and furs. In conclusion, the Powhatan had a couple trade relations with other peoples, but they mostly had a negative effect on other tribes.

Colony: North Carolina Original Inhabitants: Cherokee By: Sloane, Alex, Clara B., Juniper, and Hana 5th Realistic Fiction Team

About 200 years ago the Cherokee was one tribe, that lived in the southeast part of what is now the U.S.

Cherokee Tribe History

This is a map shows how the Cherokee tribe moved around the world in year.

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Cherokee live in Alabama, Georgia, Tennessee and North Carolina. 

Indigenous People Of The Americas: Cherokee [2020] Documentary

The Cherokee indigenous peoples have a special lifestyle, community and housing. Housing Typically there are 30-60 houses in a village. The houses are made of clay and wood. The rooves are made of rivercane and plaster. Women 	Cherokee peoples traced their heritage and descent through there mothers not fathers. They belong to their mother's clan, not their fathers. Cherokee women were considered the head of the household. Cherokee women played a very important role in Cherokee life. They grew and gathered. Men Cherokee men hunted for their people. They fished as well as hunted. They built houses, and crafted tools and weapons and canoes. They first hunted with a bow and arrow, later used guns for hunting.

Stomp Dance A male elder as, chief speaker, he calls people to a important dance, the Stomp dance. They sing call and response songs, women stomp with shell shakers, they dance until dawn the next day. (For info, look at page 12)

Cherokee have a fascinating lifestyle, community and housing. 

There are seven clans in the Cherokee. A-ni-gi-lo-hi meaning long hair. A-ni-wa-ya meaning wolf. A-ni-go-te-ge-wi meaning wild potato. A-ni-a-wi meaning deer. A-ni-tsi-squa meaning bird. A-ni-wo-di meaning point. A-ni-sa-ho-ni meaning blue. 	The Cherokee have a peace chief and a war chief. the peace chief is from the long hair clan. The long hair clan is known for being peaceful people. The war chief comes from the wolf clan. The wolf clan is known for being the biggest clan. The wild potato clan is known for being the keepers of the land. The deer clan is known for being fast and good at hunting, they were often messengers too. People of the bird clan were also messengers. The paint clan were the medics of the tribe. The blue clan made special medicine for children.

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Cherokee food

Introduction: The food that the Cherokee eat are as interesting as the way the get the food. There are lots of different ways they get the food they eat. The Cherokee eat lots of different veggies and meats.

Foods they eat: Cherokee grow many foods like beans, squash, sunflowers, melons, pumpkin, Tabaco, corn, sweet potatoes, and tomatoes. They also eat wild nuts, roots, and fruit. They also eat meet like: turkey, squirrel, rabbit, bear, fish, and mainly feed on deer. The women do the cooking and while the men hunt game meet.

Stews: The Cherokee used stews to eat the left overs from other meals. Their stews are usually clouded and use meats such as rabbet, squirrel, and turkey. They also will mix the meats together. It will also have corn, beans, and tomato's in the stews. The Cherokee tribe dried and stored the food for the winter while the women would always have food on the stove.

Fun Fact: Cherokee use methods of fishing like we do but they also use poison to stun the fish long enough to pick the ones they want out.

Fun Fact: They hunt deer by putting on deer skin and antlers and they sneak up on the deer and shot them with blow guns.

Corn: Corn is a staple food for the Cherokee. There are lots of different types of corn used for different purposes. There is one type for grinding into cornmeal, another for roasting, and another for boiling. They also added ingredients to the cornmeal such as tomato's and dried beans.

Colony: South Carolina Original Inhabitants: Catawba by Finley, Enslie, Ilse, and Clara S. 5th Biography Team

The Catawba tribe reservation is along the banks of the Catawba River

The Catawba nation has lived along the banks of the Catawba river for centurys and still live there today.

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The Catawba tribe traditionally lived in north and south carolina and parts of Virgina

The Catawba tribe has lived in the piedmont area of north and south Carolina and into southern Virginia and have for thousands of years. The lands consisted of rolling hills and wooded areas, where they hunted, farmed, and fished.&nbsp;

Catawba's originally lived in South Carolina. The men were warriors and hunted a lot of times. they were known as the fierce tribe. Catawba has been at war with Cherokee.

When the men were out hunting, the women would take care of the farm or the children. Although the men hunted and the women stayed at home, they were equal. The women were a important part of leadership.

The Catawba tribe grow corn, beans, squash and gourds and make baskets, bowls and mats to sell to other tribes. They also catch fish. They call themselves Yeh Is-Wah H'reh; it means people of the river.

Usually, while the parents were either out hunting or farming the children would go to school or an enrichment program. The older kids would go to a local public school. While, the Catawba tribe runs a preschool for younger kids, it's called "Iswa Head Start". The tribe also runs a child care program called "The Little People Program". In 2008 the Catawba tribe made an "Achievement Center". the Achievement Center is where people can learn about technology.

One responsibility of the general council is to elect an executive committee composed of a chief, an assistant chief, a secretary treasurer, and two additional committee members to oversee daily tribal business. Also they went to war very often so that they were known for resulting in war when trades did not go the there way. Not a good way of solving there problems in my opinion. The&nbsp;Catawba&nbsp;Indian Nation has their own government, led by a general council composed of all voters eighteen and older who are enrolled members of the nation. The council meets at least twice a year to vote on all issues affecting tribal business. As set forth in the&nbsp;Catawba&nbsp;Indian Nation's 1975 constitution, the general council's duties include negotiating with local, state, and federal governments; regulating the use of Catawba property and funds; and passing and enforcing ordinances within the Catawba&nbsp;reservation.

Catawba Indian Nation Tribal Lands 

About the Catawba Nation 

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Fishing

Fishing is a big part of the Catawba tribes diet. They eat fish such as sturgeon and herring. to fish these they use weirs ( like a small dam for a smaller river),snares, and long poles.

Farming

The Catawba farm lots of different kinds of foods in a different way. For example they farm corn, squash, beans, and gourds. Also unlike other south eastern tribes in the Catawba tribe the men farm instead of the woman.

The Catawba tribe eats lots of interesting foods. Some foods they eat are roasted corn, mutton, venison stew, and collard greens. In the winter they eat passenger pigeon, a bird. Also they eat foods from the current Pan - Indian festival. some festival foods are  fry bread ( deep fried bread) and Indian  tacos ( fry bread, ground beef, and other taco stuff). The Catawba take pride in their food so they take every chance to share their food. Places you can find these foods in include cultural gatherings and  at the Catawba cultural center you can find Indian tacos. 

Colony: Georgia Original Inhabitants: Creek by Adrian Shih, Miles Boynton, Amelia Smith, Makoto Taniguchi 4th Biography

Right now, the Muscogee tribe's current reservation is in Alabama, but lets talk about where the Muscogee tribe used to live. Before they came in contact to the Europeans, The Muscogee tribe used to live in flatlands in Georgia and Alabama. There were two divisions of creeks: upper creeks and lower creeks. The upper creek tribe was in the northern part of Georgia and Alabama. The lower creeks lived in the southern part of Georgia and Alabama.

The land in Georgia and Alabama there were rivers, and lakes, so they could get water. 

 the Creeks settled where they did, is because they had rivers to drink water, flat lands to grow food, and nice weather.

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Blandit nunc, semper efficitur magna sem nec erat. Quisque non mauris gravida, feugiat dolor eget, viverra risus. Mauris mollis purus ut nibh sodales, nec ornare enim sodales. Quisque leo tortor, rhoncus commodo malesuada non, vulputate porta leo. Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit.Nulla leo eros, gravida at maximus a, fermentum in turpis. Quisque leo tortor, rhoncus commodo malesuada non, vulputate porta leo. Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit.Nulla leo eros, gravida at maximus a, fermentum in turpis. Nulla leo eros, gravida at maximus a, fermentum in turpis:

The creek tribe used to trade with European settlers. The creek traded agricultural knowledge, crops, furs, and deer skins in exchange for guns, cloth, iron kettles, and rum.

&#160;in 1813-1814 , when a war with the&#160; U.S.A started, some creek members fought with the U.S, and some fought against them. about six years after the war, they were forest to move to a "Indian" reservation. there, with the Choctaw, Seminole, Cherokee, and Chica saw, they created the five civilized tribes.

&#160;in 1813-1814 , when a war with the&#160; U.S.A started, some creek members fought with the U.S, and some fought against them. about six years after the war, they were forest to move to a "Indian" reservation. there, with the Choctaw, Seminole, Cherokee, and Chica saw, they created the five civilized trib

Introduction to chapter gravida at maximus a, fermentum in turpis. Donec non lacus justo. Suspendisse potenti. Nunc in consequat diam. Ut ornare eu velit sed consectetur. Blandit nunc, semper efficitur magna sem nec erat. Quisque non mauris gravida, feugiat dolor eget, viverra risus. Mauris mollis purus ut nibh sodales, nec ornare enim sodales. Quisque leo tortor, rhoncus commodo malesuada non, vulputate porta leo. Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit.Nulla leo eros, gravida at maximus a, fermentum in turpis. Donec non lacus justo. Quisque non mauris gravida, feugiat dolor eget, viverra risus. Mauris mollis purus ut nibh sodales, nec ornare enim sodales. Quisque leo tortor, rhoncus commodo malesuada non, vulputate porta leo. Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit.Nulla leo eros, gravida at maximus a, fermentum in turpis. Donec non lacus justo. Suspendisse potenti. Nunc in consequat diam. Ut ornare eu velit sed consectetur. Duis in lorem interdum, sollicitudin mauris non, iaculis libero. Curabitur ullamcorper, mauris vitae imperdiet hendrerit, felis nulla congue ligula, at malesuada nisl felis sit amet dolor.

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Life Style and Traditional ways of Life

Historically, Muscogee people had summer homes and winter homes. Their summer homes were platforms with four poles and thatched roofs. They made their winter houses by weaving tree branches between large posts.

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The creek or Muscogee, people had a very interesting and rich culture. As aforementioned, they were an Agrarien society, with the women doing most of the farming and the men primarily focused on hunting and defense. Interestingly, and different from most cultures, they had a matrilineal society. Agrarian means relating to the ownership and use of land, especially farmland, or relating to the part of a society or economy that is concerned with agriculture. [technical] Synonyms: agricultural, country, land, farming More Synonyms of agrarian.

Indigenous Tribes of the East Coast - by 2023-24 4th &amp; 5th Grade Class

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Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Chapter 01 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Chapter 02 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Chapter 03 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Chapter 04 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Chapter 05 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Chapter 06 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Chapter 07 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Chapter 08 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Chapter 09 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Chapter 10 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Chapter 11 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

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The Nanticoke tribe enjoyed the best of native lifestyles. They were proficient farmers who planted corn and beans and dried them for later use. The women and children cared for beautiful gardens of corn, beans, squash, pumpkins, and sunflowers. 	The men hunted the forests and meadows of the Eastern Shore for squirrels, turkeys, deer, rabbits, bear, ducks, and geese. Food was roasted over open fires or boiled in clay pots as a stew. Bows, arrows, and spears were used for larger games and snares or traps were set for smaller animals. All parts of the animals and sea creatures were utilized. Shells were used for spoons, and bowl decorations. Porcupine quills, furs, skins, sinew, and bones were used for clothing and tool implements.

Nanticoke Foods

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They gathered nuts, berries, birds’ eggs, and edible plants in season. As they lived close to the rivers, in warmer months, they dined on delicious seafood, including clams, oysters, mussels, crabs, eels, and fish. Nets, snares, baskets, and spears were fashioned by the men to harvest the water’s bounty. People&nbsp;gathered&nbsp;wild&nbsp;rice. It was not easy to gather and prepare wild rice, but it could be stored during the winter when other foods were hard to find.

Light wood

How to pronounce: leh·nee&nbsp;leh·nuh ·pee

Tishcohan was a chief of the Lenni Lenape tribe.

In the early 1600s white settlers began arriving in Lenni Lenape territory. They carried diseases, such as&nbsp;<a href="https://school.eb.com/levels/elementary/article/smallpox/399600" style="color: rgb(0, 109, 193); background-color: white;">smallpox</a>&nbsp;and&nbsp;<a href="https://school.eb.com/levels/elementary/article/measles/390968" style="color: rgb(0, 109, 193); background-color: white;">measles</a>, that killed many tribe members.

&nbsp; Europeans also forced the Lenni Lenape to give up much of their land. In the 1780s many Lenni Lenape moved to&nbsp;<a href="https://school.eb.com/levels/elementary/article/Ontario/353569" style="color: rgb(0, 109, 193); background-color: white;">Ontario</a>, Canada. The Lenni Lenape who stayed in the United States moved west. In the mid-1800s the government forced them to move to Indian Territory (now&nbsp;<a href="https://school.eb.com/levels/elementary/article/Oklahoma/345514" style="color: rgb(0, 109, 193); background-color: white;">Oklahoma</a>).

The colonists called the Lenni Lenape the Delaware Indians. And by the way, the Lenni Lenape is not Indian.

Government and relationship with other nearby tribes

European settles began arriving in New England in the 1600s. At the time the Mohegan were controlled by chief Sassacus. He was also a chief for the Pequots. The Mohegan tribe is a native tribe that originated in what is now eastern Connecticut.

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The creek tribe had 44,000 creek tribe members, but there are almost 76,000 Creek descendants. The Creek people often tattooed their whole bodies. Traditional Muscogee economy was based on corn, beans and squash.

<ul><li>The Massachuset people lived in a matriarchal society, leaving the women of the tribe with respect</li><li>Women were potters, fire-keepers, wood gatherers, and basket weavers.</li><li>Men, however, were hunters and protected the tribe </li></ul>

<ul><li>Women built wetus, or summer huts for the spring and summer.</li><li>In the fall and winter, the Massachuset tribe lived long houses. Preparation for the following year happened in long houses. </li></ul>

The Mohegan tribe lived in what we now call Connecticut.

Their are many lakes and rivers in Connecticut. The water could have acted as natural protection by not letting other tribes cross to Mohegan land as easily. The climate their is mild, with plentiful rainfall. The land is generally rolling, though the Appalachian Mountains include some fairly steep slopes. Forests spread over the mountains and valleys. The benefit of where they settled was that there was lots of water that they could use.

This is the current reservation of the Mohegan tribe

This is the Mohegan tribes land from 1580-1620

I am an important role in the Senecan legislative group, we make the decisions.

We will trade guns for good fur coats and blankets.

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The Iroquois, and the Seneca tribe had lots of conflicts and fights.

The Lenni Lenape And The American Revolution

When the US wanted independence from Britain, a war broke out in 1775. The war raged on indigenous lands, the Lenni Lenape were forced to take sides, some helped Britain, some helped the US. In 1778 the Lenni Lenape signed there first treaty with the US, it was called the "Treaty Of Fort Pitt". The Americans asked the Lenni Lenape for help in the war because many indigenous nations sided with the British, the US needed other indigenous nations to side with them. The Americans also wanted to trade with the Lenni Lenape. The Lenni Lenape wanted to protect their lands in the Ohio territory. The Americans agreed but the promises were not kept. In the 1780s the Lenni Lenape gave up their homes to make way for American colonizers.

George Washington crosses the Delaware river

In the life of the Cherokee religion and culture are important. Did you know that the numbers 4 and 7 are considered important? At different points throughout the year there are ceremonies that are held. Two of those being the Green Corn Ceremony and the Moon festival. Green Corn Ceremony 	 	The Green Corn Ceremony is performed when the corn begins to ripen. It signifies the start of a new year. It consists of scared fire being put out, put out all fires in homes, and the Stomp dance. Stomp Dance 	The Stomp dance is a long tradition. During the dance, dancers move around the fire with slow stomping steps. People with a religious commitment to the Stomp dance will fast. The Stomp dance is connected to the Green Corn Ceremony. ( for more information go to p. 7) Marriage 	Marriage is important in Cherokee culture. The whole community comes together for a wedding. The people of the different clans are encouraged to interact and marry each other.	People are allowed to marry into the Cherokee tribe and marry into other tribes.	 Creation Story At first the whole world was water, and the animals lived on whatever little land they could find. It was very crowded and they didn't know what was beneath the water. A water Beatle agreed to dive into the

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This is traditional Cherokee art in the form of wood carving of animals with colors painted on. 

water and it brought mud back up that spread until it became Earth. The animals sent lots of different birds to see if the Earth is dry. But, none of the birds could land. So they sent the buzzard to check if it was ready for them to settle. The Earth was soft and the Buzzard tired wings struck the ground creating valleys, and brought	 his wings back up for mountains. But, the animals didn't want all mountains so they called the buzzard back up. This is why Cherokee country is full of mountains. 	 So as you can see the Cherokee have a complex Culture and Religion. This is something that is passed down through the generations. This makes Cherokee culture unique and different because it hasn't changed a lot. This is why Cherokee culture and religion is fun to learn about.

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<ul><li>Gale Elementary</li><li>Gale Middle School</li><li>Gale High School</li><li>Brittanica School (elementary, middle, high)</li><li>PebbleGo Next</li></ul>

Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Massachusetts/Massechuset. . . .. . . . . . Rhode Island/Narragansett . . .. . .. . . . . . Connecticut/Mohegan . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . Pennsylvania/Seneca . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . New Jersey/Lenni Lenape . . . . . . . . . . . . . Delaware/Nanticoke . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Virginia/Powhatan . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . North Carolina/Cherokee. . . . . . . . . . . . . . South Carolina/Catawba . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Georgia/Creek. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

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what food did they eat in each season?

During winter they would eat dried meat, dried fish, and nuts.

During spring they would eat berries, plums, and persimmons.

In summer the Lenni Lenape eat corn, squash, and beans.

 The Lenni Lenape ate bread, black berries, blueberries, raspberries, black berries, blueberries, and raspberries. The Lenni Lenape eat very color full corn. The corn comes in Dark reds, light greens, grays, yellows, blacks, orange, brown. the Lenni Lenape cleared land by girdling trees. They would use the land to grow plants to eat and for other things.  The Lenni Lenape would eat things that you can find in the forest such as meat, berries, fruit, and nuts. They eat these things because they live in the forest, and they also have things to make dumplings. They eat all sorts of healthy food. They cook dumplings and things for soup. Along with agriculture, the Lenni Lenape also&nbsp;took in large amounts of fish, and wild plants&nbsp;to complete their food sources. The women, along with farming, were responsible for gathering wild plants like nuts, berries, mushrooms, and greens. The Lenni Lenape also ate peppers, potatoes, tomatoes, wild rice, camas, quinoa, and cocoa. the Lenni Lenape hould hunt and drie the meat and fish. Dried meat lasted for a long time. it could be cooked in a soup or stew. The Lenape always shared their food so no one ever went hungry as long as there was food in the village.

During the fall they eat nuts, persimmons, and berries.

The Catawba Nation: <a href="https://www.catawba.com/about-the-nation#:~:text=Catawbas%20were%20farmers.,neighboring%20tribes%2C%20especially%20the%20Cherokee">https://www.catawba.com/about-the-nation#:~:text=Catawbas%20were%20farmers.,neighboring%20tribes%2C%20especially%20the%20Cherokee</a>. Gale middle school: <a href="https://go.gale.com/ps/retrieve.do?tabID=T001&amp;resultListType=RESULT_LIST&amp;searchResultsType=SingleTab&amp;retrievalId=434a5975-5f6a-4071-a296-4078d675cf1c&amp;hitCount=7&amp;searchType=BasicSearchForm&amp;currentPosition=4&amp;docId=GALE%7CCX3273300044&amp;docType=Topic+overview&amp;sort=Relevance&amp;contentSegment=ZMID-MOD1&amp;prodId=MSIC&amp;pageNum=1&amp;contentSet=GALE%7CCX3273300044&amp;searchId=R4&amp;userGroupName=seattlepsch&amp;inPS=true" style="background-color: white;">https://go.gale.com/ps/retrieve.do?tabID=T001&amp;resultListType=RESULT_LIST&amp;searchResultsType=SingleTab&amp;retrievalId=434a5975-5f6a-4071-a296-4078d675cf1c&amp;hitCount=7&amp;searchType=BasicSearchForm&amp;currentPosition=4&amp;docId=GALE%7CCX3273300044&amp;docType=Topic+overview&amp;sort=Relevance&amp;contentSegment=ZMID-MOD1&amp;prodId=MSIC&amp;pageNum=1&amp;contentSet=GALE%7CCX3273300044&amp;searchId=R4&amp;userGroupName=seattlepsch&amp;inPS=true</a>

Red geometrical pattern

This gourd on the top of the page is one of many from the Powhatan tribe. The figure is holding bow and depicted wearing Powhatans Mantle one of the surviving artifacts from the 1600s. People don’t know if it was made from the Powhatan tribe or not. Woman would tattoo their skin with designs and animals, which is what you see here. Powhatans Mantle was made from four deerskins sewn together and white shell beads stitched to form the circle of a man and animals on either side. The majority of Powhatans clothing were made with mainly deer skin and furs of any animal.

The gourd on the bottom represents how times were hard back then. Every family lived a self-sufficient lifestyle, they were always growing and preserving food. Everyone always had chickens, pigs, cows, and horses. In the background you can see the old house. Children back in those days weren't allowed to go to school. And if they continued after grade school they were scent to Indian school or out west in other parts of the country.

The Creek tribe ate Corn, Bean, squash, pumpkins and melons. 	The Lower Creek Grew rice and nuts. The Creek also fished and hunted. 

The men hunted for deer, bears, rabbits and squirrels in the forest. They used spears, bows and arrows.

The tribe were divided into bands, each ruled by a chief, or Sachem. The tribe was very reduced by warfare with their northeastern neighbors, the Tarratine. The chief welcomed the French explorer&nbsp;Samuel de Champlain and the traders who followed alongside the rest of the tribe. Due to this, most of the tribe obtained smallpox, including the chief. &nbsp;Some Christians converted&nbsp;the Massachuset and other tribes into Christianity. The Native Americans in these villages became “Praying Indians,” and the Massachuset lost their identity as a separate tribe. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;

➊ Nullam fermentum ➋ Posuere ex tellus ➌ Nunc non ultrices ➍ Turpis ➎ Viverra neque ➏ Blandit nunc ➐ Quisque non maurisa ➑ Risus ➒ Mauris mollis ➓ Leo tortor