This book is a short summary of robotics for our english class during project week.

Exploring Robots

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The American space agency NASA builds robots called rovers that can travel to places that are too dangerous for people to visit. The Mars Perseverance Rover was launched in July 2020 and landed on Mars in February 2021. Mars is a planet of rocks and sand but it was very different in the past. The Perseverance Rover is looking for signs of living things that might have existed many years ago on Mars. This robot has to be able to travel over steep and uneven slopes, work in an atmosphere that is very different to our air on earth and collect samples of rock.

Perseverance sees Sun and more in latest pics from Mars

Robots need sensors to tell them where they are, what's around them, and where they are going next. Robots, that lift things, also need sensors to help them grip and hold different objects. The sensors might be cameras or microphones. They might be pads. That are sensitive to how something feels.

Let’s start with a short quiz. The questions are listed on the quiz sheet. Choose which you think is the correct answer.

Cobots are robots designed to work safely and closely with people. This picture shows a YuMi cobot. It has soft arms so that it doesn’t hurt you if you bump into it by mistake. It’s so safe that there’s no need to have any barriers between the cobot and people. It’s not very heavy and can be lifted up and moved by one person.

Dual-Arm Collaborative YuMi Robot makes paper aeroplanes - ABB Robotics

This is a humanoid robot used in a hotel in Japan to meet guests as they arrive. Do you like it? Some people find this sort of robot rather creepy! Not everyone likes to see robots made to look exactly like people. This isn’t the only robot used in this hotel. Look out for the dinosaur robot in the video! Count the number of different robots and see what each one does.

Where hotel is staffed by robots - BBC Click

We are going to find out more about robots.

• What is a robot? • Robots from the past • How do robots work? • Robots today

People loved seeing automatons and would pay to see the best. It wasn’t always clear how they worked. Some people really believed that they worked by magic! This chess player was created by Wolfgang von Kempelen in Slovakia in 1770. It was shown all around Europe and played against many of the best chess players, beating nearly all of them. It even played against Napoleon I, Emperor of France. But it was a fake!

Horrible Histories HH-TV Sport Chess Napolean VS The Mechanical Turk

The most advanced robots have more complex software programs that are able to learn from their experiences just like we do. This is called Machine Learning. This is especially important where people aren’t around to tell the robot how to do a new job such as robots used in space or in very dangerous places on earth.

In this picture you can see a Versius robot helping with an operation in hospital. The robot is wrapped in plastic on the right. The robot is able to move small tools very accurately. It is never left alone to operate on a person. There is always someone telling the robot what to do. You can see this happening on the left of this picture.&nbsp;

Writers enjoy inventing imaginary robots for their stories. These robots appear in books, on television, in the theatre or in films. Some are so good that they give the people who make real robots great ideas!

Robby the Robot&nbsp;appeared in the film Forbidden Planet in 1956

National Geographic Readers Robots | STEM

Fun Facts About Robots! | Nat Geo Kids Robots Playlist

At the end of this lesson All of you will be able to: •Explain what a robot is and what it does •Name two different types of modern robots Most of you will be able to: •Give examples of two ancient automatons •Identify the different components in modern robots. Some of you will be able to: •Explain why real scientists think that Asimov’s Laws of Robotics make a lot of sense.

The play was called "Rossum's Universal Robots"

All our movements rely on our brains to give instructions to our bodies and our muscles in order to move our arms and legs. Actuators are the parts of robots that get them moving like our muscles. The energy that makes an actuator work can be electricity pneumatic or hydraulic.

The robot itself identifies the cow by its chip and software works out how much milk the cow is supposed to give, 15.2 litres in the case of (a cow called) Sangria. The machine also knows exactly when she was last milked, what shape her udder is, and the exact position of each teat, which it cleans automatically before milking. As the milk flows, it is analysed at the same time. Its colour is checked and a cell count is made. After milking, the robot automatically removes the tubes and the amount of milk given is duly indicated, 17.7 litres in Sangria's case, more than expected on the day journalist Christian Meier from the Neue Zuger Zeitung went to see the marvellous machine in action.

But what about the loss of contact between cow and farmer? After all, in Thomas Hardy's days, milkmaids were able to rest their tired heads on the warm flanks of the cows they milked. "This is not a problem," said Klaus Waldispühl. "Even though we have the machine, we often come in the cowsheds to clean it or feed the cows." Sadly, Erika Waldispühl had to report the death of the farm's bull the day before, though it was reassuring to note that not all bovine activity in Friesencham had been replaced by machine.

Robots have been working in factories for decades, doing dull and dirty work there. they weld, assemble, paint, mill, various products. there are already millions of robots in these facilities and around 400,000 new robots are added every year.

Robots Building Cars

Robots use computers to process all the information they receive from the sensors. This helps them see and hear and make decisions about what to do. We call this artificial intelligence. The people who design and build robots and write the software programs that make robots work are called roboticists. The computers and some robots are programmed to do specific jobs. Other robots can be taught to do different jobs. They can learn by being shown how to do a particular job by a person.

For the last 60 years, automobiles have for the most part been manufactured by robots in huge factories. These robots are extremely strong and can continue working without a break.

Modern drones are actually flying robots that fly almost completely autonomously, avoid obstacles and can also return to the starting point independently.

In this lesson you are going to learn more about robots. While you are listening, fill in the worksheet to answer the questions about robots.

Maybe the best robot demo ever | Marco Tempest

Hello, my name is Alan Turing. I am a cryptographer and inventor of an early computer. In 1950 I asked myself, whether one day a computer could have the same intelligence as a human. I thought of a test that should find out. If person "C", were to listen to a person "B", and a computer "A", and could not distinguish, who is the person, and who is the machine, then this computer would be just as intelligent as a person. I called this test "imitation game", later it was named after me. You do the Turing test, when you have to answer a CAPTCHA on a website. The "T" stands for Turing. Can you tell, who read all the audio files from this book to you? Was it a chatbot or a real person?

This spider was probably made in Southern Germany around 1604.

This silver swan from 1770 catches artifical fish.

This knight was invented by Leonardo da Vinci around 1495.

This pigeon was invented around 400 BCE by a Greek man called Archytas.

This Japanese automaton from the 19th century is called Karikuri

Klaus and Erika Hofer run a dairy farm with 45 head of cattle and 6 calves in Friesencham near Cham. As if that were not enough, they have a second farm in the Emmental, where they raise sheep. With all these animals to look after, it is not surprising that they decided to buy a milking robot to take over some of the work from them. Not that the decision to invest in such a machine was taken lightly. "We thought about it all for two-and-a-half years; in fact we also thought about giving up dairy farming altogether," said Erika Hofer. It was after taking advice from the Farmers' Association that they took the final decision to buy a milking robot made by the DeLaval company. The biggest advantage is that it frees the farmers from the twice daily time-consuming job of milking. The cows decide themselves when they want to be milked and got used to the new system after only about 3 days. It means that if they want they can even be milked in the middle of the night. For cows who have just given birth and have a high milk yield, it means they can be milked up to four times a day if they want.

Driverless cars need lots of sensors and an excellent artificial intelligence system to make sure that they can drive safely and know exactly where to go. This electric car made by Jaguar Land Rover is going to be tested on the roads in Coventry. For the time being there will always be a person in the car to help out if something goes wrong with this robot car. The aim is to produce a car that never has an accident, never gets stuck in a traffic jam and produces zero emissions.

How do Self Driving Cars Work? | STEM for kids

Boston Dynamics' amazing robots Atlas and Handle

When robots were first introduced, some people were worried about what might happen when robots became too clever. Perhaps they would decide for themselves what to do and people would find themselves working for robots rather than the other way around.

Isaac Asimov was a famous science-fiction writer and a professor of biochemistry at Boston University. In his 1942 short story Run Around he introduced the Laws of Robotics (he was the first person to use the word robotics). Even though these laws appeared in science fiction they made a lot of sense and have been adopted by real scientists.

Laws of Robotics A robot may not injure a human being or, through inaction, allow a human being to come to harm. A robot must obey the orders given it by human beings except where such orders would conflict with the First Law. A robot must protect its own existence as long as such protection does not conflict with the First or Second Laws.

People have always been fascinated by machines that seem to be able to do things on their own. Before the word “robots” was invented these machines were called automatons. Automatons were built for fun or because someone wanted to impress a king or queen or other important people. The earliest automatons were invented many hundreds of years ago. They used cogs, gears, wheels and pulleys to make them work. In this picture you can see the inside of the writer automaton made by the Jacquet-Droz family between 1768 and 1774.

Eric&nbsp;was the first British robot, built in 1928 by William Richards, and aircraft engineer Alan Reffell.

Robots are made up of several different parts

A robot consists of many components. The main body is usually very robust. All parts that the robot can move are called actuators. Robots have a large number of sensors with which they can perceive their surroundings. With the CPU, the robot can process the sensor signals and pass the information on to the actuators as output.

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