The Planets

Bibliography: [1] Teodoro,&nbsp;L.F.A.;&nbsp;et al. (27 September 2023). "A Recent Impact Origin of Saturn's Rings and Mid-sized Moons". The&nbsp;Astrophysical Journal.&nbsp;955&nbsp;(2): 137. Attributions: The Planets Suite: Performance: United States Air Force Band Composition: Gustav Holst, Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons Statistics taken from NASA Planetary Fact Sheet: <a href="https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/planetary/factsheet/">Planetary Fact Sheet (nasa.gov)</a> https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/planetary/factsheet/

THE PLANETS

Mass: 568 x 1024 kg Diameter: 120536 km Density: 687 kg/m3 Gravity: 9.0 m/s2 Escape velocity: 35.5 km/s Average Temperature: -140° C Length of Day: 10.7 hours Perihelion: 1357.6 million km Aphelion: 1506.5 million km Moons: 146 (Largest: Titan, Rhea) Astrological Symbol: ♄ Saturn is the sixth planet from the Sun. Known primarily for its vivid rings, the origin of which is still hotly debated. Some scientists believe the rings were created in the early formation of Saturn. Others believe the rings were caused by the collision between Saturn and one of its moons. A modern hypothesis posits that two moons collided to form Saturn's rings. [1]

Mass: 102 x 1024 kg Diameter: 49,528 km Density: 1638 kg / m3 Gravity: 11.0 m/s2 Escape velocity: 23.5 km/s Average Temperature: 167° C Length of Day: 16.1 hours Perihelion: 4471.1 million km Aphelion: 4558.9 million km Moons: 16 (Largest: <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Triton_(moon)">Triton</a>) Astrological Symbol: ♆ Neptune is the eighth, and furthest planet from the Sun, since Pluto was reclassified to "dwarf planet / planetoid" in 2006 by the&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Astronomical_Union">International Astronomical Union</a>&nbsp;(IAU). Named for the God of the Sea, Neptune is the second of the "Ice Giants" notable for its vivid, deep blue colour.

Mass: 86.8 x 1024 kg Diameter: 51,118 km Density: 1270 kg / m3 Gravity: 8.7 m/s2 Escape velocity: 21.3 km/s Average Temperature: -195° C Length of Day: 17.2 hours Perihelion: 2732.7 million km Aphelion: 3001.4 million km Moons: 28 (Largest: <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miranda_(moon)">Miranda</a>,&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ariel_(moon)">Ariel</a>,&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Umbriel_(moon)">Umbriel</a>,&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Titania_(moon)">Titania</a>, and&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oberon_(moon)">Oberon</a>) Astrological Symbol: ♅ /⛢ The seventh planet from the Sun, Uranus is the first of the "Ice Giants." Its greater distance from the Earth made discovery and investigation more difficult. Named for the Greek God of the Sky, and Father of the Olympian Gods, Uranus was the first of the major planets to be discovered in modernity. Uranus was discovered by William Hershel in 1781, who initially believed it to be a comet.

Mass: 1898 x 1024 kg Diameter: 142984 km Density: 1326 kg / m3 Gravity: 23.1 m/s2 Escape velocity: 59.4 km/s Average Temperature: -110° C Length of Day: 9.9 hours Perihelion: 740.6 million km Aphelion: 816.4 million km Moons: 95 (Largest: Io, Callisto, Ganymede, and Europa) Astrological Symbol: ♃ Jupiter is the fifth planet from the Sun and the largest planet in our Solar System. It is the first of the Gas Giants. Named for the Roman King of the Gods, it has long been believed, e.g. in the "Rare Earth hypothesis" that the massive gravitational field of Jupiter protects the Earth from asteroids and comets by capturing them before they might have otherwise collided with the Earth.

Mass: 4.87 x 1024 kg Diameter: 12104 km Density: 5243 kg / m3 Gravity: 8.9 m/s2 Escape velocity: 10.4 km/s Average Temperature: 464° C Length of Day: 2802.0 hours Perihelion: 107.5 million km Aphelion: 108.9 million km Moons: None Astrological Symbol: ♀ Despite being the only the second-nearest planet to the Sun, Venus is the hottest planet in our Solar System, due to its dense atmosphere compared to Mercury. Named after the Roman Goddess of love, Venus has long been associated with women and femininity, despite its hostile surface qualities. Venus is often called the "morning star" due to its bright appearance in the eastern sky before sunrise.

Mass: 0.642 x 1024 kg Diameter: 6792 km Density: 3934 kg / m3 Gravity: 3.7 m/s2 Escape velocity: 5.0 km/s Average Temperature: -65° C Length of Day: 24.7 hours Orbital Period: 687.0 days Perihelion: 206.7 million km Aphelion: 249.3 million km Moons: 2 (Phobos and Deimos) Astrological Symbol: ♂ Considered the most "Earth-like" of the other planets in our Solar System, long-term projects of terraforming Mars have often been conceived in the minds of scientists and science-fiction authors alike. The Curiosity Rover completed a landmark in the history of science when it landed on, and took high-definition images of, the Martian surface.

Mercury

Mass: 0.330 x 1024 kg Diameter: 4876 km Density: 5429 kg / m3 Gravity: 3.7 m/s2 Escape velocity: 4.3 km/s Average Temperature: 167° C Length of Day: 4222.6 hours Perihelion: 46 million km Aphelion: 69.8 million km Moons: None Astrological Symbol: ☿ Mercury is the first planet from the Sun and the smallest planet in our Solar System, even smaller than Jupiter’s largest moon, Ganymede, or Saturn’s largest moon, Titan. Named after the Roman messenger God, Mercury is the swiftest planet, completing a full orbit of the Sun (one year) in only 88 days.

Name

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