SDG 1 and 2 in European Literature

Our world famous poet Nazim Hikmet wrote this poem for poor children. He describes how weak they look, how hungry they are. He describes their empty bellies and shiny eyes, especially their penetrating eye pupils.

Ince Memed is the masterpiece of Yasar Kemal, one of the best Turkish writers. Memed is the main character who struggles against unwritten laws and poverty in his village.

Fakir Baykurt is a Turkish writer and Fakir is his nickname which means "poor". Obviously he talks about poverty and hunger in his books.&lt;

NA KAMENJU Zbirka novela ruralne tematike nastala u želji autora da prikaže,pronicivim opažanjima i humorom,tjeskobnu egzistencijalnu dramu čovjeka&nbsp;u kamenjaru Dalmatinske zagore.Posebno se izdvaja istoimena prozna drama s gotovo naturalističkim opisima gladi i majčinome bijesu prema djeci&nbsp;koja su kradomice polizala brašno.

ON THE ROCKS Collection of short stories with rural subject&nbsp;depicting anxious, existential drama of men on the carst of Dalmatian hinterland.&nbsp;&lt;&lt;

SDG1 and 2 in TURKISH LITERATURE

Dans ce roman emblématique de la&nbsp;<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Litt%C3%A9rature_fran%C3%A7aise">littérature française</a>&nbsp;qui décrit la vie de pauvres gens dans Paris et la France provinciale du&nbsp;xixe&nbsp;siècle, l'auteur s'attache plus particulièrement au destin du&nbsp;<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bagne">bagnard</a>&nbsp;<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_Valjean">Jean Valjean</a>. C'est un roman historique, social et philosophique dans lequel on retrouve les idéaux du&nbsp;<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romantisme">romantisme</a>&nbsp;et ceux de Victor Hugo concernant la nature humaine.

<a href="https://www.europeana.eu/portal/it/record/2022117/urn_axmedis_00000_obj_04b5492c_16fb_4955_9ca0_6588589c8de7.html?q=i+malavoglia">ebook Malavoglia</a>

Była polską poetką, pisarką, pisarką dziecięcą, tłumaczką, dziennikarką, krytyką i działaczką na rzecz praw kobiet i polskiej niepodległości.

Was a Polish&nbsp;poet, novelist, children's writer, translator, journalist, critic, and activist for women''s right&nbsp;and for Polish independence.

"JAŚ NIE DOCZEKAŁ"-“Jaś nie doczekał” to utwór, który opowiada o śmierci małego chłopca. Jaś – bo tak ów chłopiec miał na imię&nbsp;– umarł z powodu ubóstwa, w którym żył wraz ze&nbsp;swoim&nbsp;ojcem – wyrobnikiem. Mężczyzna zarabiał tak mało, że nie było go stać na poprawę warunków bytowych syna. Chłopiec jadł bardzo mało,&nbsp;ponieważ&nbsp;brakowało żywności. Przebywał też w zimnym, wilgotnym&nbsp;&nbsp;domu. Kiedy Jaś zachorował, ojciec chciał mu jak najszybciej pomóc. Sprowadzony lekarz powiedział, że poprawę można osiągnąć jedynie przez zmianę klimatu, w którym przebywa malec. Ojca nie miał pieniędzy, aby wynająć&nbsp;inne&nbsp;mieszkanie. Jaś umarł.

"JAŚ DID NOT SURVIVE"- it'a poem about a little boy called Jaś, who dies due to poverty. He lives with his father in extreme poverty. His father earns so little that they lack food. The boy does not eat much and lives in a cold and damp house. When the boys falls ill, his father wants to help him at once. The doctor tells the father that the boys needs better living conditions. The father has not got any money to rent a new house. The boy dies.&nbsp;

Este es uno de los poemas más conocidos, más importante es y, además, uno de los más tristes, personales y emotivos de la poesía de Miguel Hernández. En este caso, el poeta escribe un poema, una nana, cuya temática se basa en el conocimiento de las penurias que pasan su mujer y su hijo recién nacido mientras él está encarcelado. Sabe que las cebollas son la base de la alimentación en su casa. La primera estrofa nos dice que el poeta está triste i nos hace saber lo que sufre su mujer y lo que él padece en la cárcel sin poder hacer nada. En su casa el hambre acecha y las cebollas son el único sustento. En la siguiente estrofa nos ofrece una imagen angustiosa en la que la leche que niño mama sabe a cebolla, lo que aumenta esa sensación de hambre, de pobreza y sufrimiento.

This is one of the best known poems, the most important is and, in addition, one of the saddest, personal and emotional poetry of Miguel Hernández's poetry. In this case, the poet writes a poem, a babysitter, whose theme is based on the knowledge of the hardships that his wife and newborn son go through while he is imprisoned. He knows that onions are the basis of food at home. The first stanza tells us that the poet is sad and lets us know what his wife suffers and what he suffers in prison without being able to do anything. In his house hunger stalks and onions are the only sustenance. In the next stanza, he offers us an anguishing image in which the milk that a child sucks tastes like onion, which increases that feeling of hunger, poverty and suffering.

SDGs 1and 2 in European Literature

SDG 1/2 in European literature -&nbsp;Spanish

Una de las obras más importantes de la&nbsp;historia de la literatura española&nbsp;es, sin lugar a dudas,&nbsp;El Lazarillo de Tormes. Esta novela se incluye dentro del género de la picaresca y nos relata la vida de un joven de Salamanca que, debido a su humilde origen, se ve con la obligación de tener que trabajar para otros en calidad de sirviente o criado. Durante sus trabajos, Lázaro se verá con la necesidad de usar la picaresca y el ingenio para poder saciar su apetito y sobrevivir. El clérigo, el ciego o el escudero son algunos de los amos a los que tiene que servir Lazarillo y todos ellos terminan configurando su manera de vivir y su personalidad. &nbsp; One of the most important works in the history of Spanish literature is, without a doubt, El Lazarillo de Tormes. This novel is included in the genre of picaresque and tells us about the life of a young man from Salamanca who, due to his humble origin, is forced to work for others as a servant or servant. During his work, Lázaro will face the need to use picaresque and ingenuity to be able to quench his appetite and survive. The cleric, the blind man or the squire are some of the masters that Lazarillo has to serve and they all end up configuring their way of life and their personality.

PROSJACI I SINOVI Kultno djelo Ivana Raosa,roman po kojemu je snimljena iznimno popularna istoimena televizijska serija,vjerno prikazuje životne situacije i način života naših ljudi u dinarskim predjelima.Radnja prati obitelj prosjaka u njihovim zgodama i nezgodama te borbi za opstankom.Tradicionalni prosjački,galanterski i torbarski zanat,povremeni šverc i krađe naslijeđe su ove obitelji u borbi protiv siromaštva i viziji imućnije,blagodatnije budućnosti.

Beggars and the sons (1971.) by Ivan Raos This all time classic, a novel that was adapted into an extremely popular TV show, tells a story of our people living in the Dinara mountain. The story revolves around family of beggars in their incidents and accidents. Traditional begging and pickpocketing trade, occasional smuggling as well as theft are this family's heirloom in their struggle against poverty and for securing a wealthier, safer future.

"THE ALEXANDRIANS: Life in the Nile's country" Author: Despoina Chantzi

Alexandria 1905:Agamemnon and Urania live under the care of their uncle and his French wife. Shortly before the outbreak of the First World, the intelligent Agamemnon lifts his stature in the Alexandrian merchant community, while his marriage to the charming Anastasia of Smyrna seals the coveted happiness. Agamemnon's sister Urania, after stumbling in love with a young Egyptian and her unfortunate marriage, becomes a staunch supporter of Huda Shaarawi, sending a message of national and feminist awakening to a woman's pansy. Her revolutionary nature leads her to the Greece of Metaxas, leaving in the trusted hands of her brother, her daughter Catherine. A new life cycle begins for Catherine with the backdrop of the painful events of World War II. Half a century later, archaeologist Cleo Antipa, Catherine's daughter, is invited to work in Cairo. A visit to Alexandria's "own neighborhoods" brings to light an event that took place at the Battle of El Alamein in 1942, capable of redeeming three generations of women. The city of Bellevue, of contrasts, estates, bohemians, merchants, intellectuals, poverty and hauntings.

Był polskim dziennikarzem, pisarzem i laureatem Nagrody Nobla. Najlepiej pamiętany jest ze swoich powieści historycznych, zwłaszcza ze znanego na całym świecie bestsellera Quo Vadis. Jego wczesne prace koncentrowały się na trzech tematach: ucisku i ubóstwie chłopów („Szkice z węgla drzewnego”, 1877); krytyka władzy zaborczej („Z pamiętnika korepetytora”, „Janko Muzykant” („Janko muzyk”, 1879); jego podróż do Stanów Zjednoczonych („Za chlebem”, „After bread”, 1880). Jego najczęstszy motywem była trudna sytuacja bezsilnych: zubożali chłopi, uczniowie, emigranci

Was a Polish&nbsp;journalist, novelist and Nobel Prize laureate.&nbsp;He is best remembered for his historical novels, especially for his internationally known best-seller&nbsp;Quo Vadis.&nbsp;His early works focused on three themes: the oppression and poverty of the peasants ("Charcoal Sketches", 1877); criticism of the partitioning powers ("Z pamiętnika korepetytora", "Janko Muzykant"&nbsp;("Janko the Musician", 1879); and his voyage to the United States ("Za chlebem", "After bread", 1880).&nbsp;His most common motif was the plight of the powerless: impoverished peasants, schoolchildren, emigrants

&nbsp;&nbsp;"After bread" - By H. Sienkiewicz

i jego córka Marysia są rolnikami, którzy pozbyli&nbsp;się gospodarstwa w Lipińcach i emigrują do Ameryki.&nbsp;Liczą na to, że znajdą tam swoje miejsce i poprawią swoją sytuację ekonomiczną. Jednak, gdy docierają na miejsce, okazują się być całkowicie nieprzystosowani do lokalnych warunków. Nie potrafią odnaleźć się na emigracji, coraz bardziej tęsknią za krajem.&nbsp;

"Za&nbsp;chlebem"-&nbsp; W&nbsp;tym utworze&nbsp;autor podjął temat polskiej emigracji zarobkowej. Główni bohaterowie – Wawrzon Toporek

It is a story of Polish emigrant life to America. The main characters are Wawrzon Toporek and his daughter Marysia. They are poor peasant who decide&nbsp;to give up their current life in Poland after they lose their farm. They hope to succeed as they are told that farms are given there for free and people get rich very quickly. When they come to the American West, it turns out that they cannot get used to living there, they both miss Poland and the girl misses her boyfriend in Poland. They suffer toil, trying to make a new life. When the father dies, the daughter goes to New York wher she goes mad and dies from&nbsp;hunger in the street.&nbsp;&nbsp;

SDG 1/2 in European literature - GREECE

THE END OF HUNGER Author: Lina Rokou

It's a surreal and allegorical story that passes a lot of messages through the story of unemployed Emma and a junk dealer called San. What is the next organ you intend to sell me?" I felt embarrassed. I didn't know what to answer him. The experience of spleen removal proved to be vulgar and not at all traumatic, but I certainly had no intention of selling my other organs. At the bottom of the script, it was mine, I needed it to live and I didn't want to share it with anyone. I decided that I had to be honest with him. - Look, San. At this time I am in dire need of money and that was the only reason that led me to you. I admit that I'm very happy with how you handled the whole thing. You performed the operation perfectly and my spleen is now in your hands or, to be more precise, in your sack. Give me the amount that corresponds to me and let's finish here San smiled ironically, as if he didn't believe a word of what I had just said... - If you open your bedside drawer, you will find 2,470 euros. I have to go now. I've been invited to buy an old refrigerator. See you again...."

"There is nothing more frequent, more constant, more present in our lives than hunger - and, at the same time, for most of us, nothing is further than true hunger." To understand it, to tell it, Martín Caparrós traveled through India, Bangladesh, Niger, Kenya, Sudan, Madagascar, Argentina, United States, Spain. There he found those who, for different reasons, suffer from hunger. Hunger is made of its stories, and the stories of those who work in very precarious conditions to alleviate it, and those of those who speculate on food and starve so many people. Caparrós tries, above all, to discover the mechanisms that make almost a billion people not eat what they need. Hunger is an uncomfortable and passionate book, a chronicle that thinks and an essay that counts and a pamphlet that denounces the constraint of a sustained shame and looks for ways to end it.

«No hay nada más frecuente, más constante, más presente en nuestras vidas que el hambre –y, al mismo tiempo, para la mayoría de nosotros, nada más lejos que el hambre verdadera.» Para entenderlo, para contarlo, Martín Caparrós viajó por la India, Bangladesh, Níger, Kenia, Sudán, Madagascar, Argentina, Estados Unidos, España. Allí encontró a quienes, por distintas razones, sufren hambre. El Hambre está hecho de sus historias, y las historias de quienes trabajan en condiciones muy precarias para paliarla, y las de quienes especulan con los alimentos y hambrean a tanta gente. Caparrós intenta, sobre todo, descubrir los mecanismos que hacen que casi mil millones de personas no coman lo que necesitan. El Hambre es un libro incómodo y apasionado, una crónica que piensa y un ensayo que cuenta y un panfleto que denuncia el apremio de una vergüenza sostenida y busca formas de terminar con ella.

SDG 1/2 in European literature - ITALY

<a href="http://www.europeana.eu/portal/it/search?q=Alessandro+Manzoni">Alessandro Manzoni- Europeana</a>

Nana an French orphan grew up in the 19th&nbsp;century in Paris, she struggled to survive in a merciless society, to feed and cure her little boy....Magnetic character in French literature, Nana arouses passions and hate and jealousy”

SDG 1 and 2 in TURKISH LITERATURE&nbsp; Bursa Muradiye Vocational and Technical High School

Orhan Kemal's stories and novels generally depict the lives of ordinary working people trying to hold on to their dignity in conditions of poverty or deprivation.

#europeana4education <a href="https://www.europeana.eu/portal/en/record/10501/bib_rnod_22414.html?q=portuguese+poems#dcId=1582753733484&amp;p=1">https://www.europeana.eu/</a> <a href="https://www.europeana.eu/portal/en/record/10501/bib_rnod_22414.html?q=portuguese+poems#dcId=1582753733484&amp;p=1">portal/en/record/10501/bib_rnod_22414.html?q=portuguese+poems#dcId=1582753733484&amp;p=1</a> One of the most famous writers in Portuguese Literature. It is also part of the curriculum at schools within the Portuguese subject. Creator:&nbsp;<a href="https://www.europeana.eu/portal/en/search?q=who%3A%28Pessoa%2C+Fernando%2C+1888%5C-1935%29">Pessoa, Fernando, 1888-1935</a> Book - SDG 2 - Portugal <a href="http://contamecomoera.blogspot.com/2010/03/sopa-do-sidonio.html">http://contamecomoera.blogspot.com/2010/03/</a> <a href="http://contamecomoera.blogspot.com/2010/03/sopa-do-sidonio.html">sopa-do-sidonio.html</a>

 SDGs 1 and 2 in European Literature 

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