This small e-book is a result of eTwinning project between Croatian and Spanish pupils 10 to 12 years old.

The Encyclopedia of endangered and extinct Species

Ichthyosaurs appeared about 250 million years ago. They are marine reptiles dinosaurus. They are also fish. They are an excellent example of evolution, as there is evidence of similar structure between them and sharks. Ichthyosaur species were sorted by size. Their bodies were slender and muscular. Pectoral fins evolved from the limbs of their four-legged predecessors, such as the shark. They had a triangular dorsal fin that stabilized them in the water. Remains of ichthyosaurs with embias have been found, proving that they gave birth to live cubs. Thanks to its large eyes, the ichthyosaur species was excellent, even in muddy water. Their skulls were elongated and triangular. They had several rows of tiny teeth. Ichthyosaurs were probably carnivores that ate fish.

Meadow viper is a snake that loves to sunbathe and always does&nbsp; so that it curls up in a circle on some hot rock or grass.&nbsp; &nbsp;It is considered the smallest European snake because it most often does not grow more than 50cm which is quite short for a snake specimen. These snakes&nbsp; &nbsp;are shorter than other snakes. The meadow viper is a snake that inhabits grasslands, and the largest number of specimens can be found at&nbsp; grasslands of mountainous areas. Although it is able to hunt small mammals, but lizards are mostly satisfied with locusts and smaller ones&nbsp; Animals. The poison it stores in its glands is not strong so this is one of the milder types of poison. The bite is not dangerous to humans and in general&nbsp; causes mild inflammation at the site of the bite, but can be very painful. Sometimes&nbsp;vomiting and nausea may also occur, but this is quite rare&nbsp; complication, mostly present in more sensitive people.&nbsp;

Illustration and text by Maša, Viktor (Cro) and Aaron (Spa)

The bush viper is a venomous reptile in Africa. These snakes typically prefer low and thick flowering bush and rainforests. A solitary creature, the bush viper is arboreal and terrestrial. Their colors make for exceptional camouflage. They blend into their ecosystems and ambush prey. Bush vipers are predators, sinking their fangs into prey while dangling. 

The Saola is also called spindlehorn or Asian unicorn. They live in the Annamite Mountains of Vietnam and Laos. They are characterized by long, gently curving horns and a striking pattern of white markings on the head. Saola is listed as Critically Endangered on the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.&nbsp;&nbsp;

Text written by: Amaia, Olaya and Mingxuan; Spain

"Vladimir Nazor" Elementary school Pisarovina, Croatia and Virgen del Fresno Primary School Grado, Spain

The Encyclopedia of Endangered and Extinct Species

Apple carnation (Dianthus caryophillus)

Apple carnation Apple carnation grew an the island of Jabuka. Apple canation is also called Apple clove. It has a strong stalk with 5-6 flowers. The&nbsp;beaves are blue-green with 5-6 vens. The flowers are large and red. It blooms in May.

Text written by: Zoe from Pisarovina, Croatia

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This animal is the animal of Madagascar and is nocturn and he eats herbs and insects. The aye-aye is a long-fingered lemur, a primate native to Madagascar with rodent-like teeth that perpetually grow and a special thin middle finger. It is the world's largest nocturnal primate.

Text written by: Mario, Alejandro and Olaya, Spain

The wild cat is a resident of deep forests. If it is close to the settlement, it intersects with domestic animals. South of the Sava River in Croatia is rarer and protected. It is very similar to a domestic cat, but there are sometimes differences. The body of a wild cat is stronger than that of a domestic cat. It is 58 cm long, a weighing from 5 to 10kg, and males can be up to 15kg. The male is white-gray or black-gray, and the female yellow-gray.

Text written by: Viktoria, Lena and Lora from Pisarovina, Croatia

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The African wild dog is known by names hunting dog or painted dog. Each animal has its own unique coat pattern which features patches of red, black, brown, white, and yellow fur. These animals have only four toes per foot. They live in in Botswana, Zimbabwe, Namibia, Zambia, Tanzania, and Mozambique. African wild dogs live and hunt in packs of 6 to 20 animals. They has been listed as&nbsp;endangered on the&nbsp;IUCN Red list&nbsp;since 1990.&nbsp;

Dolphins are one of the most adorable, smart, and friendly marine mammals. Dolphins can be found all over the world and they are closely related to whales.&nbsp;Dolphins are extremely intelligent. Apparently, dolphins are as smart as apes, and the evolution of their brains is very similar to that of humans. Dolphins can recognize themselves in the mirror, and after humans, dolphins are considered the second most intelligent mammals on the planet. Dolphins live and travel in groups knows as pods. They also hunt and play together. Some large groups, also known as ‘Super pods’, can have as many as 1000 dolphins in them. Scientists&nbsp;have observed that dolphins address each other with names, which is characterized by individual whistles or sounds. They also use various kinds of sounds such as clicks, moans, groans, barks, squawks, etc. to communicate with each other.

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Illustration and text by Manu Alonso (Sp) and David (Cro)

The lynx is the largest European beast of the cat family. His fur is reddish-gray from above with reddish-brown or gray-brown spots on his back, neck, head and hips. His legs are high with large paws, and his body is flattened laterally. It is about 1 m long and weighs between 18 and 30 kg. He lives in most of Europe. The lynx is a resident of dense forests. He is very cautious and cunning. As solitary and stealthy predators, the lynx is rarely seen by humans. The Canada lynx is one of the biggest wild cats in North America, but other species of these cats also inhabit Europe and Asia. The lynx is easy to spot with its huge furry paws, stubby tail, and long ear tufts. It is durable on the go. It is active both day and night. It feeds on mice, birds and rabbits. The lynx can live up to 18 years.

To write this Encyclopedia pupuils used these sources:

Books: &nbsp; 1.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Ocean :&nbsp;velika ilustrirana enciklopedija /&nbsp;[prijevod s engleskog Josip Jukić, Ivana Buj, Ivan Čanjevac ; urednik Vid Jakša Opačić]. Zagreb :&nbsp;Mozaik knjiga,&nbsp;2010.&nbsp; 2.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Sisavci :&nbsp;dječja enciklopedija /&nbsp;[prijevod Ante Tevšić]. Split :&nbsp;Marjan tisak,&nbsp;2005.&nbsp; 3.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Životinje iz prošlosti :&nbsp;interaktivna 3D knjiga /&nbsp;[urednica Vanja Jajić ; prevoditelj Vedran Pavlić]. Zagreb :&nbsp;Školska knjiga,&nbsp;2019.&nbsp; 4.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Životinje Hrvatske :&nbsp;najveća ilustrirana zbirka hrvatske faune /&nbsp;[autor tekstova Goran Šafarek ; autori fotografija Goran Šafarek ... et al.]. Zagreb :&nbsp;Mozaik knjiga,&nbsp;2014.&nbsp; 5.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Život u oceanu :&nbsp;dječja enciklopedija /&nbsp;[prijevod Nada Zekić].&nbsp;Split :&nbsp;Marjan tisak,&nbsp;2005.&nbsp; 6.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Životinjski svijet /&nbsp;[urednica Ivanka Borovac ; preveo s engleskoga Hrvoje Peternel]. Zagreb :&nbsp;Mozaik knjiga,&nbsp;2007.&nbsp; 7.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Životinje :&nbsp;velika ilustrirana enciklopedija /&nbsp;[glavni urednik Zoran Maljković ; stručni urednik Ivo Matoničkin ; s engleskoga preveli Daniela Hamidović ... et al.]. 3. izd. Zagreb :&nbsp;Mozaik knjiga,&nbsp;2014.&nbsp;

Online sources: 1.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="https://www.worldwildlife.org/species/amur-leopard">https://www.worldwildlife.org/species/amur-leopard</a> 2.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="https://www.worldwildlife.org/species/black-rhino">https://www.worldwildlife.org/species/black-rhino</a> 3.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="https://www.worldwildlife.org/species/bornean-orangutan">https://www.worldwildlife.org/species/bornean-orangutan</a> 4.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="https://www.worldwildlife.org/species/cross-river-gorilla">https://www.worldwildlife.org/species/cross-river-gorilla</a> 5.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="https://www.worldwildlife.org/species/saola">https://www.worldwildlife.org/species/saola</a> 6.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="https://www.worldwildlife.org/species/sunda-tiger">https://www.worldwildlife.org/species/sunda-tiger</a> 7.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="https://www.worldwildlife.org/species/vaquita">https://www.worldwildlife.org/species/vaquita</a> 8.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="https://www.worldwildlife.org/species/yangtze-finless-porpoise">https://www.worldwildlife.org/species/yangtze-finless-porpoise</a> 9.&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="https://www.worldwildlife.org/species/blue-whale">https://www.worldwildlife.org/species/blue-whale</a> 10.&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="https://www.worldwildlife.org/species/sea-lions">https://www.worldwildlife.org/species/sea-lions</a> 11.&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="https://www.faunaiberica.org/">https://www.faunaiberica.org/</a> 12.&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="https://misanimales.com/mono-dorado-nariz-chata-simio-peligro/">https://misanimales.com/mono-dorado-nariz-chata-simio-peligro/</a> 13.&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="https://www.faunaiberica.org/lince-iberico#:~:text=El%20lince%20ib%C3%A9rico%20es%20un,momentos%20de%20peligro%20o%20excitaci%C3%B3n">https://www.faunaiberica.org/lince-iberico#:~:text=El%20lince%20ib%C3%A9rico%20es%20un,</a> <a href="https://www.faunaiberica.org/lince-iberico#:~:text=El%20lince%20ib%C3%A9rico%20es%20un,momentos%20de%20peligro%20o%20excitaci%C3%B3n">momentos%20de%20peligro%20o%20excitaci%C3%B3n</a> 14.&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wwf.es/nuestro_trabajo/especies_y_habitats/oso_panda_/">https://www.wwf.es/nuestro_trabajo/especies_y_habitats/</a> <a href="https://www.wwf.es/nuestro_trabajo/especies_y_habitats/oso_panda_/">oso_panda_/</a> 15.&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="https://www.nationalgeographic.com.es/medio/2018/04/10/preparado-para-el-cambio-de-estacion_dd6980c1.jp">https://www.nationalgeographic.com.es/medio/2018/04/10/</a> <a href="https://www.nationalgeographic.com.es/medio/2018/04/10/preparado-para-el-cambio-de-estacion_dd6980c1.jp">preparado-para-el-cambio-de-estacion_dd6980c1.jp</a> 16.&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sF2Hp3Nc_eY">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sF2Hp3Nc_eY</a>

Noble pen shell (Pinna nobilis)

The noble periscope is the largest shellfish. Grows to depths of 2 to 30 meters . About 2000 liters of water pass through it in one day. The flesh of the noble periscope is edible. Noble periscope is a protected shellfish.

The wild boar likes land with scrub, marshes…I like it because It appears in the Lion King film. The&nbsp;wild boar also known as the&nbsp;wild swine, or&nbsp;common wild pig. It&nbsp;is a&nbsp;suid&nbsp;native to much of&nbsp;Europe and Asia&nbsp;and&nbsp;North Africa, and has been introduced to&nbsp;the New world. This species is now one of the widest-ranging mammals in the world.&nbsp;It has been assessed as&nbsp;least concern&nbsp;on the&nbsp;Red list&nbsp;due to its wide range, high numbers, and adaptability to a diversity of habitats. It has become an&nbsp;invasive species&nbsp;in part of its introduced range. Wild boars probably originated in&nbsp;Asia.

He lives in the Kalahari desert in southern Africa.They have a slender and long body. The face is narrow with small crescent - shaped ears. It is a small mongoose found in Southern Africa. The head and body length is around 24-35cm (9.4-13.8 inches) and the wheight is typpically between 0.62 and 0.97 kg. Meerkats are highly social, and form packs of two to 30 individuals that ocuppy home ranges.

Velebit degenia is an endemic plant that grows in small number. The perennial is yellow color and it is among the 250 endangered plants. Velebit degenia is 10cm hight, and has hairs on it. It is marked on 50 lipa coins. Velebit degenia is a sing of Velebit, growing among the rocks.

Text written by: Krunoslav i Klara, Cro

The puffer fish descended a 99% in 40 years of overexploitation because is very used in sushi. it isn`t very common to find in the beach. The puffer fish can inflate into a ball shape to evade predators. Also known as blowfish, these clumsy swimmers fill their elastic stomachs with huge amounts of water (and sometimes air) and blow themselves up to several times their normal size.

This panda bear animal is black and white. 

There are only between 500 and 1000 adult specimens left in the wild, but there are already many more young individuals and there are even more in captivity, under the care of specialists who have dedicated themselves to the recovery of this beautiful panda bears.

This animal is black and white, there are only between 500 and 1890 adult specimens left in the wild, but there are already many more young individuals and there are even more in captivity, under the care of specialists who have dedicated themselves to their recovery. The panda, with its distinctive black and white coat, is adored by the world and considered a national treasure in China. This bear also has a special significance for WWF because it has been our logo since our founding in 1961. Pandas live mainly in temperate forests high in the mountains of southwest China, where they subsist almost entirely on bamboo. They must eat around 26 to 84 pounds of it every day, depending on what part of the bamboo they are eating. They use their enlarged wrist bones that function as opposable thumbs.

Text by Amaia Escobar Caballero, Olaya, Mingxuan; Spain

The polar bears are artic animals . This animals live in :Canada ,Alaska , Greenland , Russia and Norwey. The polar bears are extiction animal because the ice melts , and this animals lives in ice sheets . The polar bears can live 25 years . The polar bears eat seals . There are 22.000 polar bears in the world.

Text and illustration by Daniela (Spain) and Lucija (Cro)

The Yangtze finless porpoise is a species of toothed whale. They only live in Yangtze River in China.&nbsp;They eat fish and other river creatures, which would otherwise increase in number and unbalance the local food chain. The Yangtze finless porpoise is considered critically endangered and it is estimated that only about 1,000 remain.

The Amur leopard is solitary. Nimble-footed and strong, it carries and hides unfinished kills so that attacked animal is not taken by other predators. It has been reported that some males stay with females after mating, and may even help with rearing the young.

Several males sometimes follow and fight over a female. They live for 10-15 years, and in captivity up to 20 years. The Amur leopard is also known as the Far East leopard, the Manchurian leopard or the Korean leopard.

Text written by: Manuel, Marcos and Dereck

Black rhinos are the smaller of the two African rhino species. The most notable difference between white and black rhinos are their hooked upper lip. This distinguishes them from the white rhino, which has a square lip. Black rhinos are browsers rather than grazers, and their pointed lip helps them feed on leaves from bushes and trees. They have two horns, and occasionally a third, small posterior horn.

Pandas live mainly in&nbsp;temperate forests high in the mountains of southwest China, where they subsist almost entirely on bamboo&nbsp;Red pandas feed mainly on&nbsp;leaves and bamboo, but occasionally snack on fruit, insects, bird eggs and small lizards, too.

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The white tigers are distinctive due to the color of their fur. The white fur caused by a lack of the pigment&nbsp;melanin, which is found in Bengal tigers with orange color fur. When compared to Bengal tigers, the white Bengal tigers tend to grow faster and heavier than the orange Bengal tiger. They also tend to be somewhat bigger at birth, and as fully grown adults. White Bengal tigers are fully grown when they are 2–3 years of age. White male tigers reach weights of 200 to 230 kilograms and can grow up to 3 meters in length. As with all tigers, the white Bengal tiger’s stripes are like fingerprints, with no two tigers having the same pattern. The stripes of the tiger are a pigmentation of the skin; if an individual were to be shaved, its distinctive coat pattern would still be visible.

Text written by: Nora, Fernández, Cañedo,&nbsp;Yahya and Aitana, Spain

The Arctic fox is primarily a carnivore that lives inland, away from the coasts. They are dependent on the presence of smaller animals (most often lemmings) to survive.

A Eurasian griffon vulture can be found throughout&nbsp;<a href="https://a-z-animals.com/animals/location/europe/spain/">Spain</a>,&nbsp;<a href="https://a-z-animals.com/animals/location/asia/saudi-arabia/">Saudi Arabia</a>, and&nbsp;<a href="https://a-z-animals.com/animals/location/asia/iran/">Iran</a>&nbsp;among other areas. Alternatively, another subspecies called the Himalayan griffon vulture lives in the Himalayan mountains. They also live in&nbsp;<a href="https://a-z-animals.com/animals/location/asia/china/">China</a>,&nbsp;<a href="https://a-z-animals.com/animals/location/asia/afghanistan/">Afghanistan</a>, and&nbsp;<a href="https://a-z-animals.com/animals/location/asia/india/">India</a>. Another species called the Ruppell’s griffon vulture is found in&nbsp;<a href="https://a-z-animals.com/animals/location/africa/">Africa</a>. Its range includes&nbsp;<a href="https://a-z-animals.com/animals/location/africa/chad/">Chad</a>,&nbsp;<a href="https://a-z-animals.com/animals/location/africa/ethiopia/">Ethiopia</a>, and&nbsp;<a href="https://a-z-animals.com/animals/location/africa/mali/">Mali</a>.

Orangutans are great apes native to the rainforests of indonesia and Malaysia.They are now found anly in parts of Borneo and Sumatra, but during the Pleistocene they ranged throughout Southeast Asia and South China.Classified in the genus Pongo, orangutan were orginally considered to be one species the Bornean&nbsp; orangutan, and the Sumatran orangutan.

Text written by Alicia, Maria and Julia, Spain

Vaquitas are marine mammals and they kind look like dolphins. The vaquita’s unique facial markings of a black ring around each eye and black curved lips have been compared to a smiling panda.&nbsp;They only live in the northern part of the Gulf of California, an area that is rich in fish and shrimp. Vaquitas are the most rarest and endangered of the world’s marine mammals. 

Text written by: Ines, Emiliano and Diana, Spain

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The Sunda Island tiger is a tiger subspecies netive to the Sunda Islands in Indonesia.Sunda tigers can live for araund fifteen to eigteen years.

Axolot is a water animal, he lives in Mexico and Croatia:)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; The axolot can be of three colors: black, brown mottled and white or albino.

Coelophysis was a dinosaurus. It was a fast runner. Coelophysis had small, strongly curved sharp teeth with serration&nbsp; edges.Coelophysis fed on small animals including fish and insects.Coelophysis was given the honor of being the first dinosaur in space. His skull was connected to the Endevor shuttle in 1998 on its way to the Peace Space Station and returned undamaged. The coelophysis was up to 3 meters long. It could weigh 15 to 30 kg.

Illustration and text by Sebastijan, Croatia

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Black-footed Ferret "Mustela Nigripes"

Ferrets are&nbsp;<a href="https://kids.kiddle.co/Domestication">domestic</a>&nbsp;animals. They are the domestic form of the European&nbsp;<a href="https://kids.kiddle.co/Polecat">polecat</a>. They are in the&nbsp;<a href="https://kids.kiddle.co/Weasel">weasel</a><a href="https://kids.kiddle.co/Genus">genus</a> family. Ferrets have an average length of 51&nbsp;cm including a 13&nbsp;cm tail, weigh about&nbsp;0.7–2&nbsp;kg. They live for about 7-10 years. Males are larger than females. They are sociable animals, and are usually kept in groups of two or more. With their long thin body, ferrets look like a large weasel. They may have different colours and markings on their fur. A lot of ferrets in one place will sometimes have a strange smell. This is caused by natural oils produced by the ferrets.

Text and image made by Amaia Escobar Caballero (Spa) and Viktoria (Cro)

Galapagos Penguin

This is te only penguin species found north of the equator and in the Galápagos. It can Weight 5,5 pounds.&nbsp; It lives in Oceans.

Illustrations and text made by Dominik (Cro), Omar and Nicolás (Spa).

Lions are the only large cats that live in a group called a pack and there can be up to 30 of them. The big male protects the territories of his pack. He also defends his females from all other males. Lions and other large cats have short, firm skulls with strong jaws. Their teeth, like spears, pierce and tear the flesh of the victim. By opening and closing the jaws, large molars tear and grind the meat. Lions and other big cats are real carnivores. Lions usually attack large prey such as antelopes or zebras. One giraffe is enough to feed an entire pack. When a cat falls on a victim or climbs a tree, it stretches out its sharp claws. The muscles in the paw push out their claws and pull back their pillow protectors. Most of the time cats are claws protected in muscle pads. This keeps the claws sharp and prevents them from breaking. When the cat cleans its paws, its claws are outstretched.

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