ESL
EARLY WARNING SYSTEM
to prevent
EARLY SCHOOL LEAVING
to prevent
EARLY SCHOOL LEAVING
INTRODUCTION
The tendency of the students to leave the compulsory school education age is still a common problem in many countries. In recent years, students' leaving school or leaving school tendency has become one of the biggest problems. Today, there are students who are enrolled in schools but who are at risk of continuing their education for different reasons. In particular, the absenteeism causes students to leave the school and leave the system. This risk in the education of the individual may lead to negative consequences such as crime in the long term, beginning of harmful habits and unemployment. This problem, which arises in the habit of absenteeism, can increase the risk of failure as an adult in the future.
The importance of a student to attend school is also important for the development of social skills. It is observed that students who do not attend school regularly lack the social interaction and academic development associated with peer learning. The negative effect of academic development can lead to a decrease in self-confidence of the student and self-abstraction in a social sense. For this reason, absenteeism is a danger sign for administrators, teachers, family and especially students.
It is necessary to focus on the problem of school drop in every level of education and training. The first thing that should be done for this purpose is to determine the factors that cause students to absent. If the reasons for absenteeism are revealed and necessary analyzes are carried out, action can be taken and some special measures can be taken. Thus, a significant progress has been made for the better performance of students, teachers and school. Therefore, preventive efforts should be made in schools to reduce this risk. Some suggestions for preventive services can be listed as follows:
Ø To increase the school-family cooperation and to increase the awareness of parents in education.
Ø To focus on family education and to create awareness through trainings.
The tendency of the students to leave the compulsory school education age is still a common problem in many countries. In recent years, students' leaving school or leaving school tendency has become one of the biggest problems. Today, there are students who are enrolled in schools but who are at risk of continuing their education for different reasons. In particular, the absenteeism causes students to leave the school and leave the system. This risk in the education of the individual may lead to negative consequences such as crime in the long term, beginning of harmful habits and unemployment. This problem, which arises in the habit of absenteeism, can increase the risk of failure as an adult in the future.
The importance of a student to attend school is also important for the development of social skills. It is observed that students who do not attend school regularly lack the social interaction and academic development associated with peer learning. The negative effect of academic development can lead to a decrease in self-confidence of the student and self-abstraction in a social sense. For this reason, absenteeism is a danger sign for administrators, teachers, family and especially students.
It is necessary to focus on the problem of school drop in every level of education and training. The first thing that should be done for this purpose is to determine the factors that cause students to absent. If the reasons for absenteeism are revealed and necessary analyzes are carried out, action can be taken and some special measures can be taken. Thus, a significant progress has been made for the better performance of students, teachers and school. Therefore, preventive efforts should be made in schools to reduce this risk. Some suggestions for preventive services can be listed as follows:
Ø To increase the school-family cooperation and to increase the awareness of parents in education.
Ø To focus on family education and to create awareness through trainings.
Ø Negative peer effect becomes apparent when parenting attitudes cannot meet the psychological needs of the adolescent. Adolescents may try to meet their needs in peer groups such as unaccompanied belonging, validation and adherence to the group. Therefore, to develop and implement programs in which parents are able to meet their psychological needs in a family environment and how skills can be developed to develop family loyalty.
Ø Educating students with high self-efficacy.
Ø To give trainings about peer bullying.
Ø Educating students with high self-esteem.
Ø Rearranging learning environments.
Ø To direct students to higher education institutions in line with their interests and abilities.
Ø To provide support and advice by identifying those who are at risk of early school leaving.
Ø Conducting meetings with teachers, students and their families.
Ø Establishing monitoring and evaluation system for students. Encourage students to complete their education when they fall below their expected academic level or at risk.
Ø Increasing out-of-school activities and activities
Ø Opening courses for students' interests and abilities
Ø Conducting activities to reduce exam anxiety
Ø To create time zones for students.
Ø Rearranging lesson hours.
Ø Update teaching method techniques to increase student interaction
Ø Organizing lessons for prospective teachers who will graduate from faculties of education to prevent drop-out
Ø Developing alternative education and school models to control academic failure.
Ø Providing the necessary orientation service to the students coming to school. To provide group counseling services especially in the areas where communication skills, adaptation skills, relationship skills, academic skills, etc. are determined by checking the students' life skills.
Ø Educating students with high self-efficacy.
Ø To give trainings about peer bullying.
Ø Educating students with high self-esteem.
Ø Rearranging learning environments.
Ø To direct students to higher education institutions in line with their interests and abilities.
Ø To provide support and advice by identifying those who are at risk of early school leaving.
Ø Conducting meetings with teachers, students and their families.
Ø Establishing monitoring and evaluation system for students. Encourage students to complete their education when they fall below their expected academic level or at risk.
Ø Increasing out-of-school activities and activities
Ø Opening courses for students' interests and abilities
Ø Conducting activities to reduce exam anxiety
Ø To create time zones for students.
Ø Rearranging lesson hours.
Ø Update teaching method techniques to increase student interaction
Ø Organizing lessons for prospective teachers who will graduate from faculties of education to prevent drop-out
Ø Developing alternative education and school models to control academic failure.
Ø Providing the necessary orientation service to the students coming to school. To provide group counseling services especially in the areas where communication skills, adaptation skills, relationship skills, academic skills, etc. are determined by checking the students' life skills.
Ø Negative peer effect becomes apparent when parenting attitudes cannot meet the psychological needs of the adolescent. Adolescents may try to meet their needs in peer groups such as unaccompanied belonging, validation and adherence to the group. Therefore, to develop and implement programs in which parents are able to meet their psychological needs in a family environment and how skills can be developed to develop family loyalty.
Ø Educating students with high self-efficacy.
Ø To give trainings about peer bullying.
Ø Educating students with high self-esteem.
Ø Rearranging learning environments.
Ø To direct students to higher education institutions in line with their interests and abilities.
Ø To provide support and advice by identifying those who are at risk of early school leaving.
Ø Conducting meetings with teachers, students and their families.
Ø Establishing monitoring and evaluation system for students. Encourage students to complete their education when they fall below their expected academic level or at risk.
Ø Increasing out-of-school activities and activities
Ø Opening courses for students' interests and abilities
Ø Conducting activities to reduce exam anxiety
Ø To create time zones for students.
Ø Rearranging lesson hours.
Ø Update teaching method techniques to increase student interaction
Ø Organizing lessons for prospective teachers who will graduate from faculties of education to prevent drop-out
Ø Developing alternative education and school models to control academic failure.
Ø Providing the necessary orientation service to the students coming to school. To provide group counseling services especially in the areas where communication skills, adaptation skills, relationship skills, academic skills, etc. are determined by checking the students' life skills.
Ø Educating students with high self-efficacy.
Ø To give trainings about peer bullying.
Ø Educating students with high self-esteem.
Ø Rearranging learning environments.
Ø To direct students to higher education institutions in line with their interests and abilities.
Ø To provide support and advice by identifying those who are at risk of early school leaving.
Ø Conducting meetings with teachers, students and their families.
Ø Establishing monitoring and evaluation system for students. Encourage students to complete their education when they fall below their expected academic level or at risk.
Ø Increasing out-of-school activities and activities
Ø Opening courses for students' interests and abilities
Ø Conducting activities to reduce exam anxiety
Ø To create time zones for students.
Ø Rearranging lesson hours.
Ø Update teaching method techniques to increase student interaction
Ø Organizing lessons for prospective teachers who will graduate from faculties of education to prevent drop-out
Ø Developing alternative education and school models to control academic failure.
Ø Providing the necessary orientation service to the students coming to school. To provide group counseling services especially in the areas where communication skills, adaptation skills, relationship skills, academic skills, etc. are determined by checking the students' life skills.
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Ø The low level of academic achievement can create a concern for both success and future in the student's life. In addition, academic self-esteem can also be negatively affected by lower scores. Therefore, to help students gain academic skills to help them to improve their academic success.Ø To carry out studies that control risk factors for students and their families in risk group. For example, psychological counseling activities aimed at parents can be designed as to how the social support can be offered to the adolescent and how to establish loyalty to the family. For adolescents, psychological counseling services can be offered to reduce and eliminate personal risk factors such as low self-esteem, negative thoughts on the future, lack of academic self-confidence, lack of academic skills, inadequate skills to cope with stressful situations, and importance to education.
The absence of indications of school dropout is the most important oversight in educational systems. For applying all these measures, first we have to detect at the beginning the students who are at risk of ESL. Under Erasmus + project “United against ESL”, 2018-1-BG01-KA201-047850 we have created Early Warning System to prevent ESL and documents accompanying each step.
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Early Warning System to prevent ESL follows the next steps:1. Applying ESL survey and define students that according to their answers are at risk of ESL (Appendix I – ESL survey for students).
2. Operational team/Multidisciplinary School team discuss the results and according of their observation decide if they are valid. The team starts observation of those students for identification of situations of risk: school absence, school dropout, behaviour problems, socio-family disadvantaged contexts etc. To be completely sure the team fill CHECKLIST about risk factors of ESL for each student who is detected by the survey that is in risk. (Appendix II – CHECK list about risk factors of ESL).
3. The Multiple Intelligence Test is applied with defined students at risk. (Appendix III – Multiple Intelligence Test).
4. After defining the types of intelligence that are the most developed at each students and risk factors, teachers choose the most appropriate measures avoiding ESL and methodologycal methods for each student.
Early School Leaving Students’ Questionnaire
This questionnaire aims to collect information about your biographical data and about your school life. Thank you in advance for your cooperation, we ask you to respond with clarity and honesty. Your answers are confidential, only for improving teaching. For multiple choice questions select only one of the options.
Biographical framework
1. School_____________________________________________
2. Place________________________________________________
3. Date of birth ____________
4. Grade____________
5. Gender □male □female
6. Are you subject to any social support?
□Yes 1 p.
□No 0 p.
7. Do you suffer from any health problems?
□Yes 1 p.
□No 0 p.
a. If you answered “yes” to the previous question, please indicate which one or which ones.
i. Vision problems
ii. Audition problems
iii. Dyslexia
iv. Respiratory disease
v. Cardiac Disease
vi. Anxiety/Depression
vii. Hyperactivity
ix. Sleep disturbances
x. Other: ____________ 2 p.
This questionnaire aims to collect information about your biographical data and about your school life. Thank you in advance for your cooperation, we ask you to respond with clarity and honesty. Your answers are confidential, only for improving teaching. For multiple choice questions select only one of the options.
Biographical framework
1. School_____________________________________________
2. Place________________________________________________
3. Date of birth ____________
4. Grade____________
5. Gender □male □female
6. Are you subject to any social support?
□Yes 1 p.
□No 0 p.
7. Do you suffer from any health problems?
□Yes 1 p.
□No 0 p.
a. If you answered “yes” to the previous question, please indicate which one or which ones.
i. Vision problems
ii. Audition problems
iii. Dyslexia
iv. Respiratory disease
v. Cardiac Disease
vi. Anxiety/Depression
vii. Hyperactivity
ix. Sleep disturbances
x. Other: ____________ 2 p.
8. Have you ever experienced drugs or alcohol?
a. Never 0 p.
b. I have tried 1 p.
c. Once per month 1 p.
d. Twice per month 2 p.
e. Once per week 2 p.
f. Several times per week 2 p.
Family situation
9. Marital status of the parents
a. Married 0 p.
b. Not married 1 p.
c. Widower 1 p.
d. Divorced 1 p.
e. Other:_________ 1 p.
10. How old are your parents?
a. ≤24 2 p.
b. 25-34 1 p.
c. 35-44 0 p.
d. 45-54 0 p.
e. 55-64 0 p.
f. 65-74 1 p.
g. ≥75 1 p.
11. Literary qualifications of your father.
a. Less than 4 grade 2 p.
b. 4 grade 1 p.
c. 6 grade 1 p.
d. 9 grade 1 p.
e. Secondary 0 p.
f. University level degree 0 p.
a. Never 0 p.
b. I have tried 1 p.
c. Once per month 1 p.
d. Twice per month 2 p.
e. Once per week 2 p.
f. Several times per week 2 p.
Family situation
9. Marital status of the parents
a. Married 0 p.
b. Not married 1 p.
c. Widower 1 p.
d. Divorced 1 p.
e. Other:_________ 1 p.
10. How old are your parents?
a. ≤24 2 p.
b. 25-34 1 p.
c. 35-44 0 p.
d. 45-54 0 p.
e. 55-64 0 p.
f. 65-74 1 p.
g. ≥75 1 p.
11. Literary qualifications of your father.
a. Less than 4 grade 2 p.
b. 4 grade 1 p.
c. 6 grade 1 p.
d. 9 grade 1 p.
e. Secondary 0 p.
f. University level degree 0 p.
Appendix I
8. Have you ever experienced drugs or alcohol?
a. Never 0 p.
b. I have tried 1 p.
c. Once per month 1 p.
d. Twice per month 2 p.
e. Once per week 2 p.
f. Several times per week 2 p.
Family situation
9. Marital status of the parents
a. Married 0 p.
b. Not married 1 p.
c. Widower 1 p.
d. Divorced 1 p.
e. Other:_________ 1 p.
10. How old are your parents?
a. ≤24 2 p.
b. 25-34 1 p.
c. 35-44 0 p.
d. 45-54 0 p.
e. 55-64 0 p.
f. 65-74 1 p.
g. ≥75 1 p.
11. Literary qualifications of your father.
a. Less than 4 grade 2 p.
b. 4 grade 1 p.
c. 6 grade 1 p.
d. 9 grade 1 p.
e. Secondary 0 p.
f. University level degree 0 p.
a. Never 0 p.
b. I have tried 1 p.
c. Once per month 1 p.
d. Twice per month 2 p.
e. Once per week 2 p.
f. Several times per week 2 p.
Family situation
9. Marital status of the parents
a. Married 0 p.
b. Not married 1 p.
c. Widower 1 p.
d. Divorced 1 p.
e. Other:_________ 1 p.
10. How old are your parents?
a. ≤24 2 p.
b. 25-34 1 p.
c. 35-44 0 p.
d. 45-54 0 p.
e. 55-64 0 p.
f. 65-74 1 p.
g. ≥75 1 p.
11. Literary qualifications of your father.
a. Less than 4 grade 2 p.
b. 4 grade 1 p.
c. 6 grade 1 p.
d. 9 grade 1 p.
e. Secondary 0 p.
f. University level degree 0 p.
12. Literary qualifications of your mother.
a. Less than 4 grade 2 p.
b. 4 grade 1 p.
c. 6 grade 1 p.
d. 9 grade 1 p.
e. Secondary 0 p.
f. University level degree 0 p.
13. Have you ever experienced conflicts in your family due to separation or other?
a. Never 0 p.
b. Sometimes 0 p.
c. Always 1 p.
14. Number of siblings
a. None 0 p.
b. 1-2 0 p.
c. 3-4 1 p.
d. 5 or more 2 p.
15. Siblings ages
a. I only have younger siblings 2 p.
b. I only have older siblings 1 p.
c. I have both younger and older siblings 1 p.
d. I don’t have siblings 0 p.
16. Did any of your siblings drop out of school before the ninth grade?
a. Yes 2 p.
b. No 0 p.
17. Do you think your education is important to your family?
a. Yes 0 p.
b. No 2 p.
a. Less than 4 grade 2 p.
b. 4 grade 1 p.
c. 6 grade 1 p.
d. 9 grade 1 p.
e. Secondary 0 p.
f. University level degree 0 p.
13. Have you ever experienced conflicts in your family due to separation or other?
a. Never 0 p.
b. Sometimes 0 p.
c. Always 1 p.
14. Number of siblings
a. None 0 p.
b. 1-2 0 p.
c. 3-4 1 p.
d. 5 or more 2 p.
15. Siblings ages
a. I only have younger siblings 2 p.
b. I only have older siblings 1 p.
c. I have both younger and older siblings 1 p.
d. I don’t have siblings 0 p.
16. Did any of your siblings drop out of school before the ninth grade?
a. Yes 2 p.
b. No 0 p.
17. Do you think your education is important to your family?
a. Yes 0 p.
b. No 2 p.
Appendix I
School and professional situation
18. Have you ever been transferred from one school to another?
a. Yes 1 p.
b. No 0 p.
19. Have you ever repeated the same class?
a. Yes 2 p.
b. No 0 p.
20. How many days were you absent along a school year?
a. 1-5 0 p.
b. 5-10 0 p.
c. 10-20 1 p.
d. 20 and more 2 p.
21. What are your professional expectations?
a. I don’t know/I haven’t decided yet 2 p.
b. Fireman 0 p.
c. Policeman 0 p.
d. Teacher 0 p.
e. Engineer 0 p.
f. Politician 0 p.
g. Doctor 0 p.
h. Architect 0 p.
i. Nurse 0 p.
j. Farmer 0 p.
k. Veterinarian 0 p.
l. Pilot 0 p.
m. House keeper 1 p.
n. Other: ___________ 0 p.
22. Have you ever thought about leaving school?
a. Yes 2 p.
b. No 0 p.
If you answered yes to the previous question what was the main reason?
18. Have you ever been transferred from one school to another?
a. Yes 1 p.
b. No 0 p.
19. Have you ever repeated the same class?
a. Yes 2 p.
b. No 0 p.
20. How many days were you absent along a school year?
a. 1-5 0 p.
b. 5-10 0 p.
c. 10-20 1 p.
d. 20 and more 2 p.
21. What are your professional expectations?
a. I don’t know/I haven’t decided yet 2 p.
b. Fireman 0 p.
c. Policeman 0 p.
d. Teacher 0 p.
e. Engineer 0 p.
f. Politician 0 p.
g. Doctor 0 p.
h. Architect 0 p.
i. Nurse 0 p.
j. Farmer 0 p.
k. Veterinarian 0 p.
l. Pilot 0 p.
m. House keeper 1 p.
n. Other: ___________ 0 p.
22. Have you ever thought about leaving school?
a. Yes 2 p.
b. No 0 p.
If you answered yes to the previous question what was the main reason?
Habits and methods of study
23. What is your usual place of study? (you can select two options)
a. In the home office 0 p.
b. In my bedroom 0 p.
c. Home near a television 0 p.
d. In the living room 0 p.
e. In a public library 0 p.
f. In the living room of the school 0 p.
g. In the library/study room of the school 0 p.
h. In my classmate’s home 0 p.
i. I don’t study 1 p.
j. Other: ________
24. Excluding the classes, how much time do you dedicate to your daily studying?
a. Less than 30 minutes 2 p.
b. Between 30 minutes and 1 hour 1 p.
c. Between 1 hour and 2 hours 0 p.
d. More than 2 hours 0 p.
25. Usually who helps you study?
a. Nobody 2 p.
b. My mother 0 p.
c. My father 0 p.
d. A classmate 1 p.
e. A teacher 0 p.
f. A brother/sister 0 p.
g. Other: ________ 0 p.
School problems
26. What is your success average at school?
a. Excellent 0 p.
b. Very good 0 p.
c. Average 1 p.
d. Bad 2 p.
23. What is your usual place of study? (you can select two options)
a. In the home office 0 p.
b. In my bedroom 0 p.
c. Home near a television 0 p.
d. In the living room 0 p.
e. In a public library 0 p.
f. In the living room of the school 0 p.
g. In the library/study room of the school 0 p.
h. In my classmate’s home 0 p.
i. I don’t study 1 p.
j. Other: ________
24. Excluding the classes, how much time do you dedicate to your daily studying?
a. Less than 30 minutes 2 p.
b. Between 30 minutes and 1 hour 1 p.
c. Between 1 hour and 2 hours 0 p.
d. More than 2 hours 0 p.
25. Usually who helps you study?
a. Nobody 2 p.
b. My mother 0 p.
c. My father 0 p.
d. A classmate 1 p.
e. A teacher 0 p.
f. A brother/sister 0 p.
g. Other: ________ 0 p.
School problems
26. What is your success average at school?
a. Excellent 0 p.
b. Very good 0 p.
c. Average 1 p.
d. Bad 2 p.