Speech etiquette in Russia

A request in Russian speech etiquette can be expressed in several formulas, as well as reflect the degree of directness /indirection. In the first case, a requester directly addresses an interlocutor («Я хочу, чтобы ты помог мне» | “Ya hochu, chtoby ty pomog mne” |”I want you to help me”), however, such phrases indicate a low level of politeness and are not recommended for use. It is preferable to express yourself indirectly (using an indirect form). The most common ways of expressing an indirect request are interrogative statements expressed by two main types: 1. Object-oriented («Не могли бы вы мне помочь?» | “Ne mogli by vy mne pomoch'?”|”Could you help me?”); 2. Subject-oriented, containing an indirect question («Мне очень интересно, сможешь ли ты это сделать»|”Mne ochen' interesno, smozhesh' li ty eto sdelat'”|"I really wonder if you can do it").

Saying goodbye is an element of speech etiquette, which completes any kind of speech communication. The forms of farewell can be: verbal: До свидания!/Всего хорошего!|Do svidaniya!/Vsego horoshego! non-verbal, associated with the addition of spoken words with a little bow, a hand gesture, etc. Usually, the farewell is preceded by some indication of the end of communication. For example, before saying goodbye, you can refer to the need to leave:&nbsp;Надо идти/Мне пора|Nado idti/Mne pora. At the end of the conversation, they often thank you for the communication, express their satisfaction with the meeting. After the formula of farewell, the contact is not interrupted immediately. They wish all the best, express hope for meetings in the future. The most appropriate universal responses to the outgoing will be: И Вам всего доброго!/ Удачи!|I Vam vsego dobrogo!/ Udachi!

Acquaintance without an intermediary

*Usually&nbsp;in informal style, you should only give your name, while in formal one, you should give your name and patronymic

Condolence is a respectful attitude to the experiences, misfortune of another, expressed in words - orally or in writing - and deeds. &nbsp;&nbsp;Condolences are not only oral, addressed directly to the grieving, but also written, when a person who cannot express it directly for some reason expresses his sympathy in writing. &nbsp;&nbsp;Also, offering condolences is in various cases part of business ethics. Such condolences are expressed by organizations, institutions, firms. Condolences are also used in the diplomatic protocol, when it is expressed at the official level in interstate relations.

An invitation is a business document in the form of a letter. Such an invitation letter should begin with the words “Dear”: “Уважаемый” / “Уважаемая” |uvazhaemyj; uvazhaemaya|

Examples of invitations in speech etiquette

In a situation when we find ourselves in an unfamiliar company, the first stage of communication will inevitably be acquaintance. There are some special rules concerning this stage. Firstly, let’s divide all the situations into 2 groups:

Acquaintance with an intermediary You are an intermediary: According to the general etiquette, there are special rules concerning the order of introduction: - A man is introduced to a woman - The younger ones are introduced to the older ones - Guests coming later, those who came earlier

Благодарность от "благо дарить" |Blagodarnost'| Gratitude from "good to give" Gratitude is a feeling of gratitude for the good done (it can be attention, action, gift). This is an emotion that can be experienced not only to specific people, but also to events, the world and life in general. It turns out that gratitude has a huge number of positive effects, both for the one who experiences it, and for the one in relation to whom gratitude is expressed. Even in ancient times, it was said that gratitude is one of the shortest paths to happiness. And no wonder. Here are just some of the benefits that this condition gives us: - Healthy sleep - Harmonious relationships with others - Stress resistance - Energy and good mood - Physical health

Congratulation has become an integral part of the address on the holiday. There are many reasons to congratulate a particular person, such as an employee, or send a letter of greeting to another company. Compiling congratulations is not an easy task. Sometimes a congratulatory letter can become a kind of calling card.

Congratulations can be on the occasion of a state or religious holiday, anniversary, the next anniversary of the existence of the company, the opening of a branch, birthday, promotion, etc.

Compliment - is a remark that expresses approval, admiration, or respect. There are several types of compliments in Russian:&nbsp; 1. Compliments regarding appearance. Such a compliment can mark a successful hairstyle, makeup, figure, etc.: У Вас очень красивая причёска/ У тебя безупречная фигура! |U Vas ochen' krasivaya prichyoska/ U tebya bezuprechnaya figura!| You have a very beautiful hairstyle/ You have a perfect figure! 2. A compliment directed at a piece of clothing: Тебе очень красиво в этом платье!/ У Вас прекрасный вкус | Tebe ochen' krasivo v etom plat'e!/ U Vas prekrasnyj vkus&nbsp;| You look very beautiful in this dress!/ You have great taste! 3. Compliments to inner qualities (very important for a person).&nbsp;In such a compliment, mental and moral qualities of a person are noted:&nbsp; Ты самая добрая и искренняя | Ty samaya dobraya i iskrennyaya&nbsp;|You are the kindest and most sincere. 4. Compliments regarding mind, abilities, professionalism: Вы самый лучший учитель|Vy samyj luchshij uchitel' | You are the best teacher.

Here you can see some examples of &nbsp;condolences in Russian

Greetings depend on relative social proximity, familiarity, age and whether it is a formal or informal situation.&nbsp;

In Russian, the difference between formal and informal apology styles is small, but it is there.

Don’t forget these rules while greeting a Russian person: - Take off your gloves to shake someone else’s hand. - You should not greet across a threshold. This is seen as impolite, giving the impression that the person is not allowed to enter. - In some cases, a handshake may seem too formal.&nbsp; - An old superstition advises that you should never greet someone by shaking hands or kissing them whilst on the threshold of the doorstep. This is thought to cause you to argue with them.

5. Understatement of an addressee's age, unless, of course, they are not young, is a powerful compliment (especially for women): Вы так молодо выглядите!|Vy tak molodo vyglyadite! | You look so young! 6. You can approve both the act and the behavior in general: Ты молодец! | Ty molodec! |You did well! 7. A compliment to a loved one or a thing belonging to an addressee: У вас замечательный муж!|U vas zamechatel'nyj muzh!|You have a wonderful husband!

The difference in formal and informal styles of making compliments is small. In formal style when addressing we use "Vy", and in informal one - "Ty".

You can see examples of how to congratulate a person in Russian

Here are some examples of request formulas in Russian speech etiquette

We hope that this book is helpful for you in understanding Russian speech etiquette. If you have some comments, suggestions or complaints, feel free to contact us: wonderfulworlduspu@mail.ru

International club "Wonderful World" USPU, Ekaterinburg

Scientific leader - Starkova Daria Alexandrovna Authors: Nosova Daria Murzina Sofia Kozhaeva Christina Tronina Daria Snegova Olga Volkova Vladislava Fadeeva Erica Hudina Anastasia

Here are some examples of the ways how Russians thank:

Comparison of formal and informal farewells

Handling is a combination of words that names the addressee of speech and is a characteristic of Russian speech culture. The forms of conversion have changed a lot throughout the Russian history, as they were formed in accordance with the national traditions of that time. Selecting a handling While choosing an “address” in Russian speech etiquette taken into account: - Type of the situation: formal, informal or semi-formal - An acquaintance of the companion: familiar, unfamiliar or well-known - Characteristics of the speaker: a man or a woman, a director or an employee, a senior or a junior, etc - Characteristics of the addressee: to an older or younger, an equal, a subordinate or a superior, a man or a woman

Here’s a list of common Russian body gestures with an explanation of when to use each one:

Nodding

Kiss in greeting

Apologies can be accompanied by facial expressions and gestures, can be more or less convincing, emotional.

The culture of apology, like any other culture, is changing. Now in the youth environment, you can hear the words of apologies from other languages (for example, sorry or pardon). This is due to the increasing integration of foreign words into the Russian language.

Invitation/ Приглашение |Priglashenie| Invitation - a written or oral request to appear, arrive or be present at any event. Such invitations are distributed through the media, in any other personal or direct way. Typically, the recipient of such a message is offered to attend the event or become an active participant in the event. By appointment, invitations are divided into 3 groups: - official business; - festive (ceremonial); - household. The required information includes: time, place of the conference, main topics, duration, questions and topics that are planned for consideration. Also, the main participants and leading events should be noted. The final information is the indication of the name and contacts of the inviting party.

1) How to contact .................................................................................................... p. 4-6 2) How to greet ........................................................................................................ p. 7-9 3) How to get acquainted ...................................................................................... p. 10-12 4) How to apologize ................................................................................................ p. 13-14 5) How to thank ....................................................................................................... p. 15-16 6) How to congratulate ........................................................................................... p. 17-18 7) How to condole ................................................................................................... p. 19-20 8) How to request .................................................................................................... p. 21-22 9) How to pay a compliment .................................................................................. p. 23-24 10) How to invite ...................................................................................................... p. 25-26 11) How to say goodbye ......................................................................................... p. 27-29

We would like to present you the manual on Russian speech etiquette for those who are interested in Russian culture or/and study Russian as a foreign language. In this book you'll find a great variety of examples concerning different topics from greeting to farewell.

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