TRAVEL GUIDE TO ÁFRICA

NORTHERN AFRICA

INTRODUCTION

Our team have decided to take a trip to North Africa.
Specifically we will travel to Algiers.
How did we get to Algeria?
You can use different means of transport

AIRPLANE
• Adolfo Suarez Airport (Madrid) Departures every day
• GO: Thursday 10:30, arrive 17:20 _ RETURN: Saturday 8:30 arrive 14:30

FERRY
• Alicante- Oran. Departures every day of the week: PRICE €1495
• Valencia- Mostaganem: PRICE: €275

EARTH
• travel by road 791 km 11h 32min
• PRICE: €1,679 depending on the price of fuel

NORTHERN AFRICA

1.- INFORMATION ALGERIA
About your geographical areas

a.   Countries and capitals of that area
b.   Population
c.     Economy: most important productive sectors.
d.   How are the cities in that area. Name the most populated. functions and parts. Is there a lot of pollution? Is there enough water?
e.   Are there tourist resources?
f.     ECONOMIC DATA
% unemployment, per capita income, HDI, % of population below the poverty line, birth rate, mortality rate, migratory balance (emigrants-immigrants).

g.   Conclusion about how people live in this country.

2.- RELIEF ALGERIA
a)   Main elements of the relief of Algeria
b)    the consequences on the economy

NORTHERN AFRICA
COUNTRIES AND CAPITALS OF THAT AREA

It has an area of seven million square kilometers. Their characteristics are:
It presents an important urban concentration in the coastal region.
There is great influence of European and Asian civilizations, mainly on the Mediterranean coast.
It has a high percentage of European population.
The productive activities are agriculture, livestock, industry, fishing and oil exploitation.
The level of income per inhabitant is high; its average population is higher.

GODS

This African region has a population belonging to two ethnic groups: Arabs and Berbers, likewise, the inhabitants of North Africa are mostly Muslim with approximately 97%, while the remaining 3% are Christians and Jews. .

In North Africa, 4 languages are mainly spoken: Arabic, French, Berber and Spanish, in addition to a large number of dialects and non-official languages that are used among its inhabitants.

The north is divided from west to east by a double mountain barrier, the Tellian Atlas and the Saharan Atlas. While the central coastal area is covered in forests, in the east there are vast plains and in the south the Sahara covers 84% of the Algerian territory, officially called the Algerian Greater South.

ALGIERS

EL CAIRO

TRIPOLI

RABAT

The African continent, like the rest of the continents, consists of different geographical areas, in this case, Africa is subdivided into 5 geographical areas:
1. North Africa
2. South Africa
3. East Africa
4. West Africa
5. Central Africa
On this occasion we will talk about the first subdivision, North Africa, this region borders to the north with the Mediterranean Sea, to the south with the Sahara region, to the east with Mount Sinai and the Red Sea, to the west with the Atlantic Ocean and consists of from 7 countries:
• Country: Algeria
Capital: Algiers

• Country: Egypt
Capital: Cairo

• Country: Libya
Capital: Tripoli

• Country: Morocco
Capital: Rabat

• Country: Sudan
Capital: Khartoum

• Country: South Sudan
Capital: Juba

• Country: Tunisia
Capital: Tunis

JUBA

TUNIS

Population

Economy: most important productive sectors.

La población de Argelia ascendía a 44 227 000 habitantes, según el censo de 2020. Es una población joven, con una edad media de 27,1 años.
La mortalidad infantil es de 26,75 por mil
la esperanza de vida de 74,26 años.
Fuera de las ciudades más importantes, la atención médica es rudimentaria.
El promedio de hijos por mujer era de 2,38 en 2008 y de 1,76 en 2010, una de las tasas más bajas del continente africano.
Argelia, con una población de 44.616.626 personas, se encuentra en la posición 33 de la tabla de población, compuesta por 196 países y mantiene una muy baja densidad de población, 19 habitantes por Km2.

Economy: most important productive sectors.

Algeria is classified as an upper-middle-income country by the World Bank.
• Algeria is the 58th economy by volume of GDP. Its public debt in 2021 was 86,594 million euros, with a debt of 62.99% of GDP. Its per capita debt is €1,941 euros per inhabitant.
• In 2019, the Human Development Index (HDI) in Algeria was 0.748 points, which represents an improvement compared to 2018, when it stood at 0.746.
• The HDI is an important indicator of human development produced each year by the United Nations. It is an indicator that, unlike those previously used to measure the economic development of a country, analyzes health, education and income.
• If we order the countries based on their Human Development Index, Algeria is ranked 91st in the Human Development Ranking (HDI).
• The main characteristic of the Algerian economy is the energy sector and its great dependence on the production of gas and oil, which accounts for 97% of the value of its exports.
• Its main resources are oil, gas, iron, zinc, silver, copper and phosphates.
• 14% of the active population is dedicated to agriculture and fishing.
• The unemployment rate has historically been very high, reaching 17.1% in 2005; but it has tended to decrease in recent years, reaching 10% in 2011 but has remained high among young people, with a rate of 21.5% for young people between 15 and 24 years of age.

How are the cities in that area. Name the most populated

The urbanization rate in Algeria is around 60% and continues to increase, especially in the south of the country.
Algeria has more than thirty urban agglomerations with more than 100,000 inhabitants, the vast majority located in the north along the Mediterranean Sea, since most of Algerian territory is desert.
The largest city is Algiers, a metropolis of more than six million inhabitants, more than a tenth of the total population, making it the first community in the Maghreb.
The other big Algerian cities, in terms of population, cultural influence or economic importance are: Oran; Constantine; Annaba; Tizi-Ouzou, capital of the Haute Kab ylie; Tamanghasset, capital of Hoggar; Ghardaïa, capital of Mzab; Batna, capital of Aurès; Bejaia; Setif, capital of the Upper Plateaus; Biskra, capital of Ziban, Ouargla, capital of Oasis.

Are there tourist resources?

Algeria is a country to be visited at any time of the year.
In summer you can enjoy beautiful and crystalline beaches in Algiers, Bejaïa, Tipasa and Oran. In winter you can enjoy the snow-capped mountains of the Djurjura in Kabylia. In the center of the Djurdjura National Park, in the municipality of Tikjda, the Chrea ski resort offers the possibility of practicing alpine skiing and cross-country skiing.
Algeria has an important archaeological and cultural heritage. Since 1982, it has seven classified sites on the UNESCO World Heritage list:
the ruins of Djemila
the ruins of Tipasa
the ruins of Timgad
the Kasbah of Algiers
the Berber cities of the M'zab valley
the ruins of the Berber fortress of Qal'âa Beni Hammad
the Tassili n'Ajjer mountain massif, one of the largest rock painting sites in the world

Is there a lot of pollution?

Average concentration of PM2.5 (annual air quality guidelines are very small particles in the air that have a diameter of 2.5 micrometers (about 1 ten-thousandth of an inch) or less in diameter) in 2021 in Algeria: 4 times the value the WHO
Pollution stands at 47 out of 118, which means that it harms sensitive groups to health.
Algiers is 86; The PM2.5 concentration in Algiers is currently 5.8 times higher than the WHO annual air quality guideline value

Is there enough water?

In the last forty years, the availability of running water has decreased by 60% in North Africa. The change in the rainfall regime due to global warming, the deficient maintenance of the network and the insufficiency of wastewater treatment infrastructure are the cause of this worrisome impasse, described by experts as water stress, and whose first victims are small farmers in the region.
Algeria seeks a supply of drinking water that does not depend on weather conditions and the filling rates of the dams. This country intends to control water management, after experiencing three of the driest summers in its history.

ECONOMIC DATA

% unemployment
Unemployment, total 12% of the total active population

Per capita income,
Per capita income GDP per capita is a very good indicator of the standard of living and in the case of Algeria, in 2021, it was €3,081 euros, so this figure is in the final part of the table, in ranked 127. Its inhabitants have a very low standard of living in relation to the 196 countries in the GDP per capita ranking.

ALGERIA 23% of the population lives below the poverty line
Birth rate, mortality rate

In 2020, the life expectancy in Algeria increased to 77.06 years.
That year, the life expectancy of women was 78.32 years, higher than that of men, which was 75.86 years.
The birth rate in Algeria (number of births per thousand inhabitants in a year) was 22.78‰ in 2020, and the Fertility Index (average number of children per woman) was 2.94.
The mortality rate in 2020 in Algeria has remained constant at 4.72‰, that is, 4.72 deaths per thousand inhabitants.