LANGUAGE
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LINGUISTICS
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LINGUISTICS
PHONOLOGY
Definition of language
A language is a system of arbitrary, vocal symbols that permit all people in a given culture or other people who have learned the system of that culture, to communicate or to interact.
Definition of linguistics
Linguistics is the scientific study of language.
A language is a system of arbitrary, vocal symbols that permit all people in a given culture or other people who have learned the system of that culture, to communicate or to interact.
Definition of linguistics
Linguistics is the scientific study of language.
PHONOLOGICAL COMPONENT
PHONOLOGY
This is the study of the sound system of a language; that is, what sounds are in a language and what the rules are for combining those sounds into larger units.
PHONOLOGICAL COMPONENT
Ø A Phone is Any sound used in speech.
◦ For example [ph] is a phone.
Ø Aphoneme is a perceived unit of language that signals a difference in meaning.
◦ For example /p/ and /b/ is different phonemes
Ø Anallophone is a variation of a phoneme.
◦ For example [p] and [ph]
◦ For example [ph] is a phone.
Ø Aphoneme is a perceived unit of language that signals a difference in meaning.
◦ For example /p/ and /b/ is different phonemes
Ø Anallophone is a variation of a phoneme.
◦ For example [p] and [ph]
SYNTACTIC CATEGORIES
SYNTAX
Syntax is the study of the principles and processes by which sentences are constructed in particular languages. Syntactic investigation of a given language has as its goal the construction of a grammar that can be viewed as a device of some sort for producing the sentences of the language under analysis.
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SYNTACTICSRUCTURE
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Clause> Dependent Clause
> Independent Clause
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Sentense> Simple sentence
> Compound sentence
> Complex sentence
> Compound-complex sentence
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Phrase> Noun Phrase
> Verbal Phrase
> Prepositional Phrase
> Adjectival Phrase
> Adverbial Phrase
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SEMANTIC
OPERATIONAL SEMANTICS
Semantic is the study of meaning. It focuses on the relation between signifiers, such as words, phrases, signs and symbols, and what they stand for, their denotata.
Linguistic semantics is the study of meaning that is used by humans to express themselves through language. Other forms of semantics include the semantics of programming languages, formal logics, and semiotics.
Semantics contrasts with syntax, the study of the combinatorics of units of a language (without reference to their meaning), and pragmatics, the study of the relationships between the symbols of a language, their meaning, and the users of the language.
Linguistic semantics is the study of meaning that is used by humans to express themselves through language. Other forms of semantics include the semantics of programming languages, formal logics, and semiotics.
Semantics contrasts with syntax, the study of the combinatorics of units of a language (without reference to their meaning), and pragmatics, the study of the relationships between the symbols of a language, their meaning, and the users of the language.
OPERATIONAL SEMANTICS
The meaning of a construct is specified by the computation it induces when it is executed on a machine. In particular, it is of interest how the effect of a computation is produced.
DENOTATIONAL SEMANTICS
Meanings are modelled by mathematical objects that represent the effect of executing the constructs. Thus only the effect is of interest, not how it is obtained.
AXIOMATIX SEMANTICS
Specific properties of the effect of executing the constructs are expressed as assertions. Thus there may be aspects of the executions that are ignored.
Language comprehension
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Examines how human perceive and understand speech and written language.
The language areas in the brain: (1) Broca, (2) Wernicke, and (3) Motor cortex
The language areas in the brain: (1) Broca, (2) Wernicke, and (3) Motor cortex
Language acquisition
Examines how children learn to speak and how adults learn a second language.
The learning of a native or first language is called first language acquisition, and the learning of a second or foreign language is called second language acquisition.
The first language known as mother tongue (Bahasa ibu). It is different with language of the mother (Bahasa sang ibu).
The learning of a native or first language is called first language acquisition, and the learning of a second or foreign language is called second language acquisition.
The first language known as mother tongue (Bahasa ibu). It is different with language of the mother (Bahasa sang ibu).
Language Production
Examines how human create and express meaning through language.
Language comprehension
2
Examines how human perceive and understand speech and written language.
The language areas in the brain: (1) Broca, (2) Wernicke, and (3) Motor cortex
The language areas in the brain: (1) Broca, (2) Wernicke, and (3) Motor cortex
Language Production
3
Examines how human create and express meaning through language.
SOSIOLINGUISTICS
Sociolinguistics is the descriptive study of the effect of any and all aspects of society, including cultural norms, expectations, and context, on the way language is used, and society's effect on language. It differs from sociology of language, which focuses on the effect of language on society.
Sociolinguistics takes language samples from sets of random population subjects and looks at variables that include such things as pronunciation, word choice, and colloquialisms. The is data is then measured against socio-economic indices such as education, income/wealth, occupation, ethnic heritage, age, and family dynamics to better understand the relationship between language and society.
Sociolinguistics takes language samples from sets of random population subjects and looks at variables that include such things as pronunciation, word choice, and colloquialisms. The is data is then measured against socio-economic indices such as education, income/wealth, occupation, ethnic heritage, age, and family dynamics to better understand the relationship between language and society.