Diversity, Equity and Inclusion: SRMS and Honoring Black History Month

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04. "Moses" of the Underground Railroad Reflections by Ms. Schaefer 06. Harriet Tubman - A Slave to Hero Evan Smith 08. Harriet Tubman Ben Techmeyer 10. Harriet Tubman Payton Hammond 12. Harriet Tubman Maleigha Sornberger

In this magazine you will find the work of the students in Ms. Schaefer's Advisement class and the fabulous 8th graders on the Capitol Peak team at Summit Ridge Middle School. We hope that you enjoy reading more about Harriet Tubman through our learning and reflections on the next few pages.

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Summit Ridge Explores Black History Month and Important Figures: Learning about Diversity, Equity and Inclusion.

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Rosa Parks was born on February 4th, 1913 in Tuskegee, Alabama. Growing up, her whole childhood was controlled by segregation. Bathrooms, schools, transportation, and stores would all be influenced by segregation. Rosa parks had two parents named Leona Edwards and James McCauley. Her father (James McCauley) was a carpenter, while Rosa's mother, (Leona Edwards) was a teacher. Rosa also had a brother who was taken away to go live with her mother after her parents got separated. Rosa had to live at her grandparent's farm for the rest of her childhood. For many years, rosa was homeschooled but was then sent to a public school called the Industrial School for Girls in Montgomery. Soon after, her grandmother got sick which caused Rosa to drop out of school to care for her.

After the boycott, Rosa decided to move to Detroit to reunite with her brother after receiving death threats and getting harrassed. Rosa started working at the Detroit office of Congressman of John Conyers Jr. and became an administrative aide in 1965. Sadly, Rosa's mother, father, and brother all, unfortunately, died from cancer before Rosa's retirement in 1988. After retirement, Rosa and her husband Raymond traveled to support the autobiography written to explain the civil rights events called "Rosa Parks: My Story."  After 11 years, Rosa was awarded the highest honor in the U.S. which was the Congressional Gold Medal. Rosa Parks died on October 24, 2005, at age 92. She will forever be remembered as, "The mother of the freedom movement."

Thoughts &amp; Quotes about Diversity and Inclusion: Related to Nelson Mandela

A country &amp; a people are stronger with total inclusion. “Started from the bottom, now we are here.” Poor→ Only black person in school → jail → President of South Africa “There is no such thing as race. None. The only thing that matters is the human race.” -Toni Morrison “What doesn’t kill you makes you stronger.”-Friedrich Nietzche

Thoughts &amp; Quotes about Diversity and Inclusion: Students reflect on how these Thoughts and Quotes relate to Jackie Robinson.

"Diversity is having a seat at the table, inclusion is having a voice, and belonging is have a voice that is heard"

This quote relates to Jackie Robinson because he was an African American Baseball Player, he helped others to stand up and speak out for their rights.

"I look to a day when people will not be judged by the color of their skin, but the content of their character." Dr. Martin Luther King Jr.

This quote connects to Jackie Robinson because he fought for equal rights and against racism. and wanted to be treated with respect.

"People are crazy enough to think they can change the world are the ones who do." Rob Stilanen

He wasn't crazy, but he changed the world by doing something totally new.

"The greatest pleasure in life is doing what others say you can't do." Walter Bagehot

Jackie Robinson was the first black baseball player. It was for this reason people doubted he would be good enough or if he could bring any team to glory. He proved each and every single of them wrong.

“Strength doesn’t come from what you can do. It comes from overcoming things you thought you couldn’t do.”--Rikki Rogers

This connects to Jackie Robinson because of the things he had to do to overcome in order to be known.

Part 1 <a href="bookcreator://page/hxgUn7jiRJS_QZCC-4Rj0g">Jeopardy- Tuskegee Airmen (Larson)</a> <a href="bookcreator://page/xnQlOG-bRASSR1r0BLUNEA">Mural.co- W.E.B. Du Bois (Prada)</a> <a href="https://docs.google.com/document/d/14Q-FhNNU_T3BTwtJaDlPIo0KV5fOLvNOIO4tTlaF8MI/edit?usp=sharing">Quotes &amp; Haikus- Nelson Mandela &amp; Jackie Robinson (Scott)</a> <a href="bookcreator://page/eCyoirnMSYavIvPSzG4N5Q">Quotes &amp; Haikus- Rosa Parks (Hecox)</a> Part 2 <a href="bookcreator://page/ZAbOU1raQe2GxfMOyvmBLg">Book Creator Projects</a>

Each person must&nbsp; Live their life as a model. She BELIEVED what’s right When you sat down and broke rules And she changed the world “People always say that I didn't give up my seat because I was tired, but that isn't true. No, the only tired I was, was tired of giving in.”

Each student read an article or watched a video and then described what they learned. Historical figures include: Jackie Robinson Ruby Bridges Frederick Douglass Harriet Tubman George Washington Carver

<a href="https://flipgrid.com/35607a19">Click Here to Watch Our Flipgrid Videos</a>

Denver Colorado's First African American Doctor Justina Ford was inducted into the Colorado Women's Hall of Fame in 1985 Dr. Ford Delivered over 7000 babies Her home, 2335 Arapahoe St, where she practiced for many years, is now the Black American West Museum.

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In 1929 Dorothy Vaughan graduated from the college of Wilberforce University. Four years later she married Howard Vaughan. Dorthy and Howard had six children, Ann, Maida, Leonard, Kenneth, Michael and Donald. In December of 1943 Dorothy Vaughan was hired by NASA. She became an expert FORTRAN programmer, and also worked Scout Launch Vehicle Program. Dorthy was appointed acting supervisor of the NASA in 1949. She sought to become management there but unfortunately never received her wish. She worked there for around twenty-eight years. Dorthy retired from NASA in 1971.&nbsp;Her legacy lives on in the careers of the West Computing alumni, including Mary Jackson, Katherine Johnson, Eunice Smith and Kathryn Peddrew, and the achievements of second-generation mathematicians and engineers.

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Just like the Dodgers all Teams are stronger when They are a tapestry of diversity. Simple, daring actions, gaining their respect, changing the world.

Though you might have heard her name, she has done more than you can think. Harriet Tubman, a slave who was brave enough to run away and join the Underground Railroad saved thousands of African-Americans 1800s. She worked as a Conductor, which if you didn't know is someone who makes sure that everyone knows where they are going. She saved countless African-American lives, and for that, she is a hero. Harriet Tubman's exact birthdate is unknown but people have estimated her birthday somewhere from 1820-1822. Her parents, Harriet Green and Benjamin Ross gave birth to Tubman and her 8 siblings, all of which were born into slavery. Harriet escaped slavery in 1849 and joined The Underground Railroad the same year. Harriet Tubman had 1 kid, Gertie Davis. Harriet Tubman died on March 10, 1913. While Tubman was in The Underground Railroad, she saved prominently 300 people in 19 trips. And to and from Maryland, she saved 70 people, her friends, and family, in 13 trips. She worked in The Underground Railroad for about 10 years before she stopped working there. She states that she, "Never lost a single passenger." In conclusion, Harriet Tubman threw her life on the line for hundreds of African-Americans and never got caught, nor losing a passenger. That deserves some recognition. Her act of courageousness and kindness helped lead the way to end slavery and giving African-Americans rights.

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How one woman's bravery helped hundreds escape to freedom.

Her Story ● Photos ● Quotes ● Her Impact ● Diversity, Equity and Inclusion Today ● Our Reflections

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Dorothy Vaughan is a seeker of truth. She always enjoyed discovering new things.&nbsp; - She was a practical lady and had clear solutions to problems.&nbsp; -&nbsp;She enjoys working alone so she can have time to contemplate her ideas without other people intruding. -&nbsp;She can be the life of the party, she is charming and friendly. -&nbsp;She wants to do things well and wants to achieve her goal no matter what. - She can become clingy to certain ideas and obsess over them. - Her high temper can make it difficult for her to get help from other people when she needs it.

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View the accompanying <a href="https://docs.google.com/presentation/d/1I2xoLElSIxCX2QJvog_LBikbSQ4pHselm62CA5S4vEA/edit?usp=sharing">Google Slideshow</a>

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On September 20, 1910, Dorthy Johnson Vaughan was born in Kansas City, Missouri. Dorthy did not have any siblings the only family she had was her mother and father, Annie and Leonard Johnson. In 1917 she and her family moved to Morgantown, Virginia where she carried out the rest of her life as a child. In 1925 Dorthy graduated from the Beechurst High School and began her life as an adult. When she was younger she didn't know where she would end up, she just hoped that in some way she would better someone else's life. Little did she know that she would make an impact on thousands of lives and will be know for her work many years after her death.

He was a sailor in the U.S. Navy. He achieved the highest rank: Master Chief Officer. He was the first African-American Master Diver. He found a Nuclear Bomb at the bottom of the ocean! His leg was amputated and he still dove. He was the first amputee certified as a U.S. Navy Diver.

Born: December 13,1923 Died: June 18, 2003 Age: 79 years old From: Camden, South Carolina Teams he played for: Chicago White Sox Detroit Tigers Chunichi Dragons Famous for: Larry Doby was going to be the first African American Baseball Player, but he got injured so he was the second. He did not get as much media attention as Jackie Robinson. Larry Doby was inducted into the Baseball Hall of Fame in 1998.

Nelson Mandela Put in prison unjustly Leader at heart Madela fought back his country betray him, into jail he became a leader Changed South Africa Sometimes peaceful, sometimes not Yet got 27 years of jail And a life sentence, why no A lot of reasons, still changed from ___________ And from a lot He was defiant He was brave, bold, and made change Nelson Mandela

SRMS Book Creator Library

BHM Library:&nbsp; <a href="bookcreator://page/QPPhJ3uHTcqI7xp1sjzWLQ">Rosa Parks (O’Keefe)</a> <a href="bookcreator://page/q64Htq7dTrCssRpggoiwig">Dorothy Johnson Vaughan (O’Keefe)&nbsp;</a> <a href="bookcreator://page/OC-Wf8JrRXyr7luTEFo8Ww">Harriet Tubman (Schaefer)</a>

Linked Libraries: <a href="https://drive.google.com/file/d/1vEvF3EerWLU2W3ftqRc5omb_ahL8sO0c/view">Jackie Robinson (Prato)</a> <a href="https://read.bookcreator.com/mGnZ2mGZn9M6sgn7DwWaNQOzBD52/tk_lkfpXQrmqfptpaV34UA">Buffalo Soldiers (Allen)</a> <a href="https://read.bookcreator.com/6LMBxB2qRfe2qr5STSQX6ZT0eI53/dXFfkdsBQPmt9WZZMzKhyg">Neil deGrasse Tyson (Allen)</a>

Born: February 4, 1913 in Tuskegee, Alabama Died: October 24, 2005 at 92 years old Facts: One sister named Sylvester Married Raymond Parks December 18, 1932 A Civil Rights activist starting in 1943 One of TIME magazine's "20 Most Influential People of the 20th Century" First woman to be buried near the U.S. Capitol 50,000 people came to Washington D.C. to honor her after her death

Harriet Tubman and her rebellion that freed hundreds of people.

Harriet Tubman was born into slavery. Her birthday was from around the year 1820 to 1825. She grew up learning that white people are ¨better¨ than everyone else. In 1844, Harriet married a free Black man named John Tubman, they weren´t together for very long though. Harriet Tubman began to realize on her own that she didn't want to be treated unfairly anymore. In the year 1849, she escaped her camp and soon went on and become the most famous "conductor" on the <a href="http://www.history.com/topics/black-history/underground-railroad">Underground Railroad</a>. Harriet rescued around 300 people from slavery. She was never caught and never lost a ¨passenger.¨ When The American Civil War began, she worked as a spy to get info for the Union. After the war, she dedicated her life to helping impoverished former slaves and the elderly. In 1869, Tubman married a Civil War veteran named Nelson Davis. In 1874, the couple adopted a baby girl named Gertie. It is unknown what happened to Gertie.

How do you think Harriet Tubman would respond to “How does reflecting on ourselves help us understand others?” I think she would say something like ¨If we had gone through the same or similar situation, then we could help guide that person to make the right choices.¨ In what ways did Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion influence Harriet Tubman’s ability to contribute to the world? It made her want everyone to be on the same scale and she wanted everyone to be equal. Describe how Diversity is Harriet Tubman’s strength. It´s her strength because without the idea of diversity, then she would have no reason for what she was trying to do. How did Harriet Tubman demonstrate/impact or promote the following concept: I can live, work, and engage with others when we have differences? I think she means she is willing to work with others but they have to be on an even playing field and everyone has to be equal. What is one way you can contribute to Diversity, Equity, or Inclusion in your school, community, or the world? I can contribute by including everyone in group projects, activities, etc.

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FIND OUT MORE AT: https://www.biography.com/activist/harriet-tubman

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Dorothy Vaughan was an American mathematician and computer programmer who made important contributions to the early years of the U.S. space program and who was the first African American manager at NASA. In December 1943 she started working for NASA as a "human computer" performing complex computations and analyzing data for aerospace engineers. At the time, NASA was segregated but despite these conditions, Dorothy Vaughan was promoted to lead the West Computers in 1949. She became NASA’s first black supervisor and one of its few female supervisors. In 1958, NASA closed the segregated facilities. Vaughan and many other human computers joined the NASA Analysis and Computation Division, a group made up of men and women of all races. By then, the space program had begun using electronic computers, and Vaughan became an expert at FORTRAN, a computer programming language used for scientific and algebraic applications. Dorothy Vaughan contributed greatly to the U.S. winning the space race. She did many of the last minute calculations for the space shuttle.

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Each student picked a historical figure to discuss &amp; then chose a quote to summarize the figure's legacy.

Quotes: If you see something that is not right , not fair, you have a moral obligation to do something about it.--Rep. John Lewis If women want any rights more than they's gots, why don't they just take them, and not be talking about it.--Sojourner Truth Don't sit down and wait for opportunities to come. Get up and make them.--Madame C.J. Walker When the powerless seek their own sense of control, "crime" is what an unjust system produces.--The Buffalo Soldiers Every great dream begins with a dreamer. Always remember, you have within you the strength, the patience, and the passion to reach for the stars and change the world.--Harriet Tubman The two things I feared most as a boy were rattlesnakes and white people.--Dr. Percy Julian Surely the world we live in is but the world that lives in us.--Daisy Bates

No matter&nbsp; the struggle, Never stop fighting for what you know &nbsp;is &nbsp;RIGHT

Rosa Parks is an African American civil rights activist who refused to give her seat to a white man on a public bus in 1955. Rosa married Raymond Parks in 1932. She served as the secretary of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People for 13 years until she got arrested for refusing to give up her seat on a bus. Back then, buses were divided into two sections. The "white" section and the "colored" section. People of color were only supposed to sit at the "colored" section while white people had a section to themselves. People of color were forbidden to sit at the "white" section until Rosa refused to give up her seat. Her actions started the Civil Rights Movement. She was now known as "the first lady of civil rights" or "the mother of the freedom movement." 

Quotes: I always tell young people to hold onto their dreams. And sometimes you have to stand up for what you think is right even if you have to stand alone.--Claudette Colvin You can go forth and think accurate thoughts about how the world is put together.--Neil deGrasse Tyson The process of empowerment cannot be simplistically defined in accordance with our own particular class interests. We must learn to lift as we climb.--Angela Davis It always seems impossible until it's done.--Nelson Mandela Without forgiveness, there's no future.--Desmond Tutu There's not an American in this country free until every one of us is free.--Jackie Robinson

NULLA LEO EROS, GRAVIDA AT MAXIMUSferm entum in turpis. Donec non lacus justo. Suspendisse potenti.

Born into slavery in Maryland. Led millions of people to freedom She worked as a spy. “I had reasoned this out in my mind, there was one of two things I had a right to, liberty or death; if I could not have one, I would have the other” Self-reflection gives you the chance to see how you truly feel.&nbsp;Makes you think about the other person and consider the value that they bring to the relationship you share with them Self-reflection can make you more appreciative of what people bring to your life,&nbsp;which also influences how you interact with them. By helping others escape to be free.&nbsp;She was willing to sacrifice her own safety for that of others.&nbsp;Her love for freedom and her country were connected, she used all her skills to support the Union and do what was right when trying to free the enslaved.&nbsp; She was strong enough to cape and lead her family and 11 others to be free. By Showing people we can do anything and live.&nbsp;&nbsp; By seeing the differences in all of us and by knowing that being different is not a bad thing, but something that makes us all special in our own way.&nbsp;To always include others no matter what, we are all equal.&nbsp;To be a good human. By Maleigha Sornberger

<a href="https://jeopardylabs.com/play/the-tuskegee-airmen">Click Here</a> to Play The Tuskegee Airmen Jeopardy Game

Who is Rosa Parks?: <a href="https://www.history.com/topics/black-history/rosa-parks#:~:text=Rosa%20Parks%20(1913%E2%80%942005),organize%20the%20Montgomery%20Bus%20Boycott.">https://www.history.com/topics/black-history/rosa-parks#:~:text=Rosa%20Parks%20(1913%E2%80%942005),organize%20the%20Montgomery%20Bus%20Boycott</a><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rosa_Parks">. </a> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rosa_Parks">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rosa_Parks</a>

How did she contribute to the civil rights movement?: <a href="https://www.history.com/topics/black-history/rosa-parks#:~:text=Rosa%20Parks%20(1913%E2%80%942005),organize%20the%20Montgomery%20Bus%20Boycott.">https://www.history.com/topics/black-history/rosa-parks#:~:text=Rosa%20Parks%20(1913%E2%80%942005),organize%20the%20Montgomery%20Bus%20Boycott.</a>

Life Before The Movement: <a href="https://sites.google.com/site/rosaparksmovement/childhood#:~:text=Growing%20up%20she%20was%20sick,Rosa%20Parks%20Facts.%22).">https://sites.google.com/site/rosaparksmovement/childhood#:~:text=Growing%20up%20she%20was%20sick,Rosa%20Parks%20Facts.%22).</a>

Life after the movement: <a href="https://www.history.com/topics/black-history/rosa-parks#:~:text=Rosa%20Parks%20(1913%E2%80%942005),organize%20the%20Montgomery%20Bus%20Boycott.">https://www.history.com/topics/black-history/rosa-parks#:~:text=Rosa%20Parks%20(1913%E2%80%942005),organize%20the%20Montgomery%20Bus%20Boycott.</a>

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Dorthy Vaughn, American Mathematician, and computer programmer died at the age of 98 years on November 10, 2008. In Dorthy's life, she achieved many things. During her career at Langley, she raised her six children. Dorthy won the Congressional Gold medal in 2019, 11 years after she passed. Also, in the year 2019 on the far side of the moon, a lunar impact crater was named in her honor, Vaughan crater. In 2016 Dorothy was a character in Margot Lee Shetterly's book Hidden Figures and a featured film by the same name. Dorothy Vaughan also had a satellite named after her ("DOROTHY") and was launched into space on November 6, 2020.

Left, Vaughan Crater Right, DOROTHY satellite

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How Did She Contribute to The Civil Rights Movement? 

Rosa Park's actions became an important symbol of change and movement. Not long after the bus incident, Rosa collaborated with other civil rights leaders like Martin Luther King Jr. and Edgar Nixon. She participated in the civil rights bus boycott (also known as the civil rights but protest) with Martin Luther King Jr. and other leaders as well. The protest continued for 14 more years until the U.S. supreme court made that bus segregation was unconstitutional. During those times, Rosa Parks lost her job, received hate, and received death threats. After all that, Rosa and other civil rights leaders were still able to make bus segregation unconstitutional.

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SLAVES ESCAPING TO FREEDOM- Harriet Tubman was famously called "Moses" as she helped lead hundreds of slaves to freedom.

“I had reasoned this out in my mind, there was one of two things I had a right to, liberty or death; if I could not have one, I would have the other.”

Harriet Tubman escaped slavery - traveling over 90 miles to freedom. Upon reaching the North - she quickly felt the need to help other slaves. She returned to the South 19 times and helped hundreds of slaves escape to freedom through the Underground Railroad...gaining her the nickname "Moses" of the Underground Railroad. She was also a spy for the Union Army! I think Harriet Tubman would say that by looking inward we are able to define what our priorities and values are.&nbsp;Diversity plays a key role in this reflection.&nbsp;When we surround ourselves with a diverse group of people, we are able to gain perspective about situations and events.&nbsp;This then helps us to better identify what our own personal beliefs and values are.&nbsp;The more we know, the more important certain things become. Diversity was discouraged when Harriet Tubman was alive.&nbsp;She was born into slavery and later escaped to freedom through the Underground Railroad.&nbsp;During slavery there would have been zero emphasis on accepting people and the many differences that we have.&nbsp;Even after she escaped slavery, Tubman worked as a spy for the Union Army...she even lead missions to help free enslaved people.&nbsp;This would have been very rare for the time - to see a woman in this position of leadership.&nbsp;Additionally, many men and women would have trusted in Tubman to help them escape slavery through the Underground Railroad.&nbsp;&nbsp; Even after slaves had escaped to the North many still struggled to make a living.&nbsp;Many had to go back to working for their previous owners just to be able to survive.&nbsp;This was (and quite frankly - still is an equity issue).&nbsp;Black Americans that were freed were not given any supports or tools that were needed in order to have success in a free life.&nbsp;&nbsp; Inclusion during Tubman’s time would have been limited.&nbsp;Slave owners wouldn’t have been interested in hearing the voices of their slaves.&nbsp;Tubman would have experienced some inclusion in being a leader of the Underground Railroad and also as a spy for the Union army...as her experiences and leadership would have been considered valuable and worth listening to! Diversity was one of Harriet Tubman’s strengths.&nbsp;Tubman was one of our country’s leading abolitionists.&nbsp;She worked tirelessly to ensure that slaves were able to escape their horrible lives of mistreatment and abuse on plantations to live a life of freedom.&nbsp;She realized that all people should be given the opportunity to be heard and represented - and that living life in the way that she was was unjust.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; I think Harriet Tubman demonstrated that it is important for us to take a stand against inequity.&nbsp;When we experience or are witness to people being treated unjustly in our school, workplace, community or world - we need to make sure that we are doing our part to stand up.&nbsp;All people should be valued in any community - it's the differences between us that makes us stronger.

By: Phoenix Rose, Josie Spence, Chloe Luif, Sierra Noller, Madelynn Otero, and Cara Weger

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she wanted everyone to be equal and fair. Describe how Diversity is Harriet Tubman’s strength. Diversity is her strength because she help slaves run away and she would just help them help each other. How did Harriet Tubman demonstrate/impact or promote the following concept: I can live, work, and engage with others when we have differences? Everyone has differences with each other and she had to go through living and helping a lot of people she didn’t know. What is one way you can contribute to Diversity, Equity, or Inclusion in your school, community, or the world? Just by treating everyone the same and if someone is down help them up.

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NULLA LEO EROS, GRAVIDA AT MAXIMUS A, FERMENTUM IN TURPIS. DONEC NON LACUS

important info Harriet Tubman escaped slavery to become a leading abolitionist. She led hundreds of enslaved people to freedom along the route of the Underground Railroad. quotes Every great dream begins with a dreamer. Always remember, you have within you the strength, the patience, and the passion to reach for the stars to change the world. How do you think Harriet Tubman would respond to “How does reflecting on ourselves help us understand others?” She would probably say something like, if we reflect on ourselves we could see what we like to do and what we have done in our lives and we can connect with others. In what ways did Diversity, Equity and Inclusion influence Harriet Tubman’s ability to contribute to the world? Diversity influenced her because she got all of these slaves involved in helping others get away from their owners. Equity influenced her because she wanted her and every African American to have the same lives as the whites. Inclusion influenced her because she wanted everyone to be equal and fair.

W.E.B. Du Bois Mural, interactive web space. <a href="https://app.mural.co/t/prada8848/m/prada8848/1613577435614/f63f9260d43bd6e39ec02b8483010b53c7aa4f78">Click here</a> to explore.

Harriet Tubman, (born 1820, Dorchester county, Maryland, U.S. died 1913, Auburn, New York). American&nbsp;bondwoman who escaped from&nbsp;slavery&nbsp;in&nbsp;the South&nbsp;to become a leading&nbsp; abolitionist&nbsp;before the&nbsp;American Civil War. She led hundreds of enslaved people to freedom in the North along the route of the&nbsp;Underground Railroad which was an elaborate secret network of safe houses organized for that purpose. Tubman was born into a family of slaves. She spent countless hours laboring for others. Along with doing manual work for her owners, she had to put up with numerous beatings, one in particular that split her skull open and never healed, causing severe brain damage. She never received any medical attention and the trauma resulted in epileptic seizures and narcolepsy for the rest of her life. Her resentment and anger at her circumstances steadily grew, particularly after she was threatened with being sold. Around 1844, Harriet married John Tubman, a free Black man. The marriage was not good, and the knowledge that two of her brothers Ben and Henry were about to be sold provoked Harriet to plan an escape. On September 17, 1849, Harriet, Ben and Henry escaped their Maryland plantation. The brothers, however, changed their minds and went back. With the help of the Underground Railroad, Harriet persevered and traveled 90 miles north to Pennsylvania and freedom. Tubman found work as a housekeeper in Philadelphia, but she wasn’t satisfied living free on her own she wanted freedom for her loved ones and friends, too. She soon returned to the south to lead her niece and her niece’s children to Philadelphia via the Underground Railroad. At one point, she tried to bring her husband John north, but he’d remarried and chose to stay in Maryland with his new wife. The 1850 Fugitive Slave Act allowed fugitive and freed workers in the north to be captured and enslaved. This made Harriet’s job as an Underground Railroad conductor much harder and forced her to lead enslaved people further north to Canada, traveling at night, usually in the spring or fall when the days were shorter. When the Civil War broke out in 1861, Harriet found new ways to fight slavery. She was recruited to assist fugitive enslave people at Fort Monroe and worked as a nurse, cook and laundress. Harriet used her knowledge of herbal medicines to help treat sick soldiers and fugitive enslaved people After the Civil War, Harriet settled with family and friends on land she owned in Auburn,&nbsp;New York. She married former enslaved man and Civil War veteran Nelson Davis in 1869 (her husband John had died 1867) and they adopted a little girl named Gertie a few years later. Pneumonia took Harriet Tubman’s life in March of 1913, but her legacy lives on. Schools and museums bear her name and her story has been revisited in books, movies and documentaries.

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