English E-book

This conditional is the easiest one and is used for real facts that are always yes or yes. As are scientific facts, or things about which the outcome is already known for sure. Both verbs are in the present simple FORM IF + Present Tense + , + Present Tense Example: I get orange, if i mix red and yellow . If I drink coffee I don't sleep at night.

The first conditional has the present simple after 'if', then the future simple in the other clause: if + present simple, ... will + infinitive It's used to talk about things which might happen in the future. Of course, we can't know what will happen in the future, but this describes possible things, which could easily come true. Example: If it rains, I won't go to the park. If I study today, I'll go to the party tonight.

I'm trying to make my expectations for this year very realistic, because I don't want to feel disappointed in the future for not having done them, like in recent years. Due to the pandemic, I had not been able to establish a specific routine, I tried very hard, but I could never stick to it. So this year I hope to create a routine where I can carry out all my activities, both school and personal, without taking any of them out of sight, basically focusing on the important things. That's why I've been doing certain things that help me become a better and more productive person, for example setting a time to read about fashion, who's going to help my filters in uni, another thing I've been doing is I sell products that I make myself, and this way I can have a little extra money to save for the future.

Another very important expectation that I have is to have more fun, in the past I didn't give importance to this kind of thing, but now I understand that work is as important as having fun and relaxing. Another thing is to make me more independent of myself and of all the decisions I make. I think it is a very important expectation considering my soon entrance to the uni. In this way, I think it will be easier to be alone when I will not be so close to my family, this does not mean that they will not be there to help me or listen to me from a distance. , but for things that I will have to take care of myself. And of course, the most important expectation for this year is to enter the university, more specifically UDG, for the degree in Fashion Design, this has been my dream since I was 6 years old, so it is very important to achieve this sleep, of course. I need to prepare a lot, but of course I am willing to do it.

1. To express an action that started in the past and went on for some time until another action interrupted it. 2. To indicate an action in the past that caused another action, also in the past.

Subj. + auxiliar verb (had been) + verb-ing + complement. Subj. + had not been + verb-ing + complement. Had + Subj. + been + verb-ing + complement + ?

Affirmative Negative Interrogative

The future perfect is used to talk about a completed action in the future. 

Form The form of the future perfect is&nbsp;will/won’t&nbsp;+&nbsp;have&nbsp;+&nbsp;past participle. -Regular past participles&nbsp;end in -ed. -Irregular past participles&nbsp;don’t follow the common conjugation pattern.

We use the future perfect continuous to show that something will continue up until a particular event in the future. We normally use it to emphasise how long something will have been happening for.

The form of the future perfect continuous is&nbsp;will/won’t&nbsp;+&nbsp;have&nbsp;+&nbsp;been&nbsp;+&nbsp;ing (present participle)

Uses and examples -An action that will be completed before a specific time in the future. -Use by or by the time to mean some time before.&nbsp; -Use in, in a day’s time, in two weeks’ time, in three months’ time etc. to mean at the end of this period.

The future simple is used to talk about a time later than now and can be used in lots of different ways.

We use this tense to talk about things in progress at a particular time in the future.

FORM Subj. + will/won’t&nbsp;+&nbsp;base infinitive (infinitive without to). Because&nbsp;will is&nbsp;a modal verb it doesn’t change depending on the person doing the action. We can use contractions&nbsp;I will&nbsp;=&nbsp;I’ll. In the negative, we can also use&nbsp;will not&nbsp;for more emphasis. Won’t&nbsp;is more common in speech. In short answers we say:&nbsp;yes X will&nbsp;or&nbsp;no X won’t.

FORM Subj. will/won’t + be + ing form

Other uses: -An action in progress at a specific time in the future. -An action we see as new or temporary.&nbsp; -Predictions or guesses about future events.&nbsp; -Predictions about the present.&nbsp; -Polite enquiries.

I think having expectations is a better word to use than purpose, because then you're not with the thought of 'I need' instead of 'I aspire to'.

MODAL in past

could have couldn't have should have shouldn't have must have might have would have may have

ability, probability imposibility good idea bad idea certainly probability imaginary result result

1.An&nbsp;action&nbsp;that&nbsp;occurred&nbsp;in&nbsp;the&nbsp;past,&nbsp;before&nbsp;another&nbsp;action&nbsp;that&nbsp;also&nbsp;occurred in&nbsp;the&nbsp;past. 2. Actions&nbsp;that&nbsp;occurred&nbsp;before&nbsp;a&nbsp;specific&nbsp;time&nbsp;in&nbsp;the&nbsp;past. 3.To&nbsp;talk&nbsp;about&nbsp;actions&nbsp;that&nbsp;started&nbsp;in&nbsp;the&nbsp;past&nbsp;and&nbsp;continued&nbsp;until&nbsp;a&nbsp;certain&nbsp;time&nbsp;in&nbsp;the&nbsp;past. 4. Reporting&nbsp;sentences&nbsp;that&nbsp;were&nbsp;originally&nbsp;spoken&nbsp;in&nbsp;the&nbsp;past&nbsp;by&nbsp;another person&nbsp;"indirect&nbsp;reporting". 5. In&nbsp;some&nbsp;situations,&nbsp;it&nbsp;can&nbsp;be&nbsp;used&nbsp;in&nbsp;conditional&nbsp;sentences.

Subj.&nbsp;+&nbsp;“had”&nbsp;+&nbsp;verb&nbsp;in&nbsp;past&nbsp;participle&nbsp;+&nbsp;c. Subj.&nbsp;+&nbsp;“had”&nbsp;+&nbsp;“not”&nbsp;+&nbsp;verb&nbsp;in&nbsp;past&nbsp;participle&nbsp;+&nbsp;c. “had”&nbsp;or&nbsp;“hadn't”&nbsp;+&nbsp;subj.&nbsp;+&nbsp;verb&nbsp;in&nbsp;past&nbsp;participle&nbsp;+&nbsp;c.

Just: A&nbsp;very&nbsp;short&nbsp;time&nbsp;before&nbsp;the&nbsp;specified&nbsp;time. Already: Before&nbsp;the&nbsp;specified&nbsp;time. Never: At&nbsp;no&nbsp;time&nbsp;before&nbsp;the&nbsp;specified&nbsp;time. Ever: At&nbsp;any&nbsp;time&nbsp;before&nbsp;the&nbsp;specified&nbsp;time. Still: As&nbsp;previously.

1. The action began in the past and continues in the present. 2. The time for carrying out the action has not ended. 3. The action is constantly repeated in an indeterminate time between the past and the present. 4. The action recently concluded. 5. The time when the action was performed is not relevant.

The present perfect progressive or present perfect continuous is used in English to indicate actions that began in the past and have just been completed or are not known for sure if they are still in progress. The emphasis is placed on the development of the action and not on its result.

Affirmative Negative Interrogative

S + have/has + past participle S + have not (haven't)/has (hasn't) + past participle Have/Has + Subject + past participle + ?

Affirmative Negative Interrogative

S+ have/has been + V-ing S + have/has + not + been + V-ing Have/has + S + been + V-ing

The second conditional is like the first conditional. We are still thinking about the future. We are thinking about a particular condition in the future, and the result of this condition. But there is not a real possibility that this condition will happen. &nbsp;We use would + base verb to talk about the future result. The important thing about the second conditional is that there is an unreal possibility that the condition will happen. Example: If I was a man, I'd be the man

The third conditional is used to express regret and talk about things we wish we could change about the past (but we can't). Structure: If + past perfect, perfect conditional*

*perfect conditional = would have + past participle

Examples: It would´ve been fun if you had been the one. If we had been closer in age, maybe it would've been fine. If I had had known, I never would´ve played so nonchalant.

1. Make known actions or permanent states. 2. Communicate actions or states that are repeated over time. 3. Transmit routines, continuous events that are repeated on a daily basis. 4. Give instructions or directions

1. Unfinished actions now 2. Temporary situations 3. Descriptions 4. To emphasize the frequency of an action 5. Describe changing situations 6. Future plans or arrangements

Subject + Inf. verb + complement Subject + Do/Does + Not + Inf. verb + complement Do/Does + Subject + Inf. verb + complement

S. + am/are/is + Verb in ing form + complement S. + am/are/is + Not + Verb in ing form + complement Am/are/is + Verb in ing form + complement + ?

1. It's used to talk about actions that took place in the past and have alredy ended. 2. It can be use to describe a series of actions in the past. 3. You can use it to talk about repeated or habitual actions in the past. 4. To talk about generalities or facts of the past. 5. Used for narratives or actions that occur over long periods of time in the past.

1. The Past Progressive is often used in conjunction with the Simple Past. 2. The past progressive is used to describe what was happening while something else was happening. 3. The past progressive is used to describe what was happening at the time another action interrupted it.

Subject + verb in the past + complement Subject didn't + infinitive verb + complement Did + subject + infinitive verb + complement

Subj. + was/were + (verb + ing) + C. Subj. + wasn’t/weren’t + (verb + ing) + C. (Question Word) + was/were + Subj. + (verb + ing) + C.

Present simple Reported speech

Reported speech, or indirect style, is used to recount what someone has said without using the exact words pronounced by that person.

First of all, it is necessary to adapt the personal pronouns, according to the person to whom they refer and to whom you are speaking. The verb tense is also modified depending on its relation to the present moment, which generally implies moving it to the past (for example, from the present simple to the past simple, as in the previous sentence). And, naturally, in indirect speech an introduction is added (“He said that…”, “He asked if…”) to present what that person commented.

I know what to do. I don’t know what to do. Do you know what to do?

She said she knew what to do. She said she didn’t know what to do. She asked if I knew what to do.