eTwinning Project - A UNIVERSAL STORY - NATIONAL CHARACTERS FOR PROJECT

A UNIVERSAL STORY

Făt-Frumos&#160; and&#160; Ileana Cosânzeana

PRESENTATION BOOK OF NATIONAL FAIRY TALE CHARACTERS

TURKEY ITALY ROMANIA SPAIN BULGARIA SLOVAKIA POLAND

eTwinning PROJECT 2018 - 2019 A UNIVERSAL STORY

presentation book of national fairy tale characters

That was Antxon’s life. Sad and lonely, he used to have walks nearby the Baztan river. It was said that in the river there were lamiak. Everybody knew! A lot of them! Most people thought that they had half body of a woman and half of a fish. Some others usde to say that they had the feet of s duck. Antxon didn’t believe in lamiak, he had never seen one, and nobody had fished one out of the river, so, for him that was just nonsense!

One day when he was walking near the river he Heard a beautiful voice singing an amazing song.&nbsp; He headed to the place from where the voice was coming and there he saw the most beautiful girl he had ever seen, combing her hair. Her hair was as red a a flame of fire and she had blue eyes, like a winter sunny day. They were looking at each other for a long time. Just looking at each other and smiling! Then she dove in the river and dissappeared.

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•The story Ali Baba, a poor woodcutter, had a rich brother, Kasim, who never shared any of his money with his brother. Instead, he treated Ali Baba, his wife and son badly. One day, as Ali Baba finished cutting logs in the forest, he saw lots of men on horses and he hid. He climbed up a tree and watched the forty horsemen.&nbsp; The men had saddlebags full of gold and they took them to a big rock. One of the men cried, ‘Open, Sesame’, and a door in the rock opened and the man entered the cave. The others followed. After a while they came out and the leader cried, ‘Close, Sesame’. When the thieves left, Ali Baba walked to the entrance of the cave.

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Făt - Frumos&nbsp;(from Romanian&nbsp;făt: son, infant;&nbsp;frumos: handsome) is a knight hero in&nbsp;Romanian&nbsp;folklore. &nbsp;In most of his stories, he is fighting the dragons and witches to set free his chosen one, Princess Ileana Cosânzeana.

wawel dragon

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The Legend of Wawel Dragon Many, many years ago, when Krakow was still the capital of Poland, King Krak with his daughter Wanda lived in the castle on the Wawel mountain. All the citizens in Krakow loved their kind-hearted King and the loving Wanda. For many years everyone lived peacefully and among them lived one of the cobbler's family, a capable and a hardworking apprentice called Dratewka. One day the in a cave in the Wawel mountains, an evil dragon had settled. When he was angry he went into such a rage that the mountains shook and he breathed fire and smoke from his mouth. In order to calm him down the people put a sheep in front of his cave everyday. But this was not enough for him.

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Characterization of Knight Fulko Our main character is Knight Fulko. According to the legend he was the first owner of the Castle in our town Fiľakovo (Slovakia). Description of Fulko: ..... He loves only himself – he is selfish ..... He takes part in all kind of amusements – he is drunkard, cheerful ..... He doesn’t respect other people – he is boastful ..... He loves hunting – he is a fiery hunter ..... He changes his ways when he falls in love – he is a hero lover ..... He gives everything to his wife that she wishes – he is well-meant ..... He cheats and robs other people, so that his wife had everything – he is greedy ..... When the king forces him to confess his sins, he is unhappy – he is honest ..... When he is sentenced to fight naked without armour – he is abandoned with his fate ..... He runs away before fighting with an armoured knight – he is cowardly

Antxon and the lamia started seeing each other everyday. They had long walks following the Banks of the river. They were in love and they were happy, except for a Little detail… Antxon was worried, because he noticed that lamia never took her feet out of the wáter of the river. His mother told him that the reason for that was that she was a lamia with duck feet. Antxon wanted to marry the girl, but he wasn’t sure about it, beacuse he was afraid that she could be a lamia in the end.

The next day, while they were having a walk, he pretended to fall down, and when falling the pulled the girl out of the river and… Oh! He discovered that her feet were very much similar the duck ones. She felt very much embarrased and so, she dove into the river trying to hide away. He started to run home, he was locked in there for some days, feeling miserable. He knew their love was imposible, and that there was only one way of forgetting about it.

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That night Antxon couldn’t sleep. He started counting sheep, his sheep, but it didn’t work! He could only see that beautiful girl. “I think I’ve fallen in love!” he said So, he went back to same part of the river once and again, everyday but she wasn’t there. When he started thinking that he had imagined everything, he Heard that sweet voice singing the same song again.

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"I don’t like dancing” she said. Then she went into the river and she said, “I’ll wait for you here tomorrow, same time”

But I still don’t know you. We’ll have to dance or something!

ROLE OF KELOĞLAN IN HIS STORIES Keloglan always wants to have an eventful life; he wants to be rich,famous and strong.But people don’t take him seriously because he seems ugly with is bald head,poor with patches on his clothes. Either willingly or just as a result of coincidences,he finds himself inside great adventures. And in all stories,he chases the impossible; he wants to marry Sultan’s daughter,he wants to defeat the giants threatening his village,he wants to duel with the most famous warriors of his time.He wants to find lost treasures.Eventully,he manages to get what he wants.Furthermore; he has always good intentions in his actions.He never uses unethical ways while he is trying to reach his goals. He behaves kindly to good people and he always punishes the bad ones.He is a non-violent character,though.He is very clever,in all conditions he uses his mind.He is very tricky if he encounters with a cruel enemy,he always seeks weak sides of his strong opponents to beat them.Also, he is very helpful to poor and weak people when needed.He usually dont ride his donkey but it follows him everywhere,and generally,he carries a bag fastened to a stick on his soulder, filled with some food prepared by his mother. Generally,at the end of the Keloğlan tales,because of his honesty and kindness,he becomes a beloved individual among people.&nbsp;

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&nbsp;&nbsp;Păcală &nbsp;is a folk hero, a fictional character in Romanian culture and literature. He is known for his humor and cleverness, hidden under a mask of naivety and simplicity.&nbsp; &nbsp;His name comes from the Romanian "a păcăli" -&nbsp;"to fool".

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ASK THE DONKEY &nbsp;&nbsp;One day Hitar Petar went to the mill on his donkey. He went back home, ecxausted, got the heavy bags off the back of the donkey and took it to the stable. Then he sat on the bench&nbsp;in front of his house to rest but started falling asleep.

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At that moment, a neighbour came to him and started shouting. 'Petar, Petar, it seems to me that you are sleeping! Excuse me, but I would like to ask you a favour. Do you hear me, Petar?' 'Yes, I can hear you! Why are you shouting so loudly?' 'Well...I want to take ten sticks to my wineyard.', said the neighbour. 'Take them, what's bothering you? Do you want ME&nbsp;to take them' , asked Hitar Petar. 'No, but give me your donkey. It will take them!', said the neighbour. 'My donkey is not here!' refused Hitar Petar elusively.

Meanwhile, in tha stable, the donkey that was paying attention to the conversation, straightened its neck and started roaring. &nbsp;&nbsp;'Petar, your donkey is here', smiled the neighbour. 'If you don't believe me but the donkey, go and ask him to take your sticks to the wineyard', answered Hitar Petar.

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The central theme of the plays is the contrasting interaction between these two main characters. It also contains a considerable element of satire which refers to the state authorities in a comic style. KARAGOZ : Karagöz represents the public morals and common sense, the ordinary man in the street, and is straightforward and reliable. He is almost illiterate; usually unemployed and embarks on money earning projects that never work. He is often kind of rude. You can recognize him by his turban, his bald head and his black beard. His left arm is longer than the other one.

He said the magic words and entered. He was amazed by all the gold, silk, jewels and gold crowns piled up. Feeling it was alright to steal from thieves, Ali Baba decided to take some gold home for himself and his family. When he got home, he showed the gold to his wife. His wife wanted to know how much gold they had. She went to Kasim’s house to borrow his wife’s scales so she could weigh the gold. She did not want Kasim and his wife to know about the gold, so she said they were weighing meat. Kasim’s wife did not believe Ali Baba’s wife and wondered where they could have got the money to buy meat.

She tricked Ali Baba’s wife by putting honey in the bottom of one of the pans. When Ali Baba’s wife returned the scales the next day, a gold coin was stuck to the honey. Kasim’s wife knew their secret. When she told Kasim about his brother’s gold, he was jealous. He went to Ali Baba’s house and asked his brother where he got it. When Ali Baba saw the gold coin, he told his brother about the cave and the forty thieves. The next morning, Kasim went to the cave with ten donkeys carrying ten huge chests. He got inside by saying the password but he forgot the magic words to get back out. The thieves found him inside and killed him

Hitar Petar is a traditional Bulgarian character, part of the Bulgarian folklore, about whom there have been told many stories all around the Bulgarian territory for 400 years. In Macedonia he is well known as Itar Peyo. He first appeared in stories in 16th-17th century, while Bulgaria was still under the Ottoman rule. It is not known from which part of Bulgaria does the character originate. Stories about him have been told in Dobrudja, Thracia and Macedonia. In 1873 he appeared in the literature work of Ilia Blaskov.

There are two operas written about Hitar Petar in 1967 and also two comedies – in 1939 and 1960.&nbsp; His character is of a poor peasant, who is cunning, wise and imaginative, as his name shows. He is also an analog of Nasreddin Hoca. They often argue, trying to outmaneuver each other. Their funny stories make people laugh even today!

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Once a year even a small girl had to be sacrificed. Many of the citizens tried to fight against the dragon. However, no-one was able to beat him. At long last there were no more girls left in Krakow, only Princess Wanda. The dragon became more and more impatient. Since there were no other girls to be found, everyone knew that it was the king's daughter's turn. The king announced to the whole country that he was looking for a brave knight who could defeat the dragon. Many courageous knights came and fought without success.. When all hope had been abandoned, the shoemaker, Dratewka, appeared before the King. He asked for permission to fight the dragon. The king agreed to what he was intending to do. The young man got to work on his plan straight away. From the butcher he got himself a sheepskin. He filled it with sulphar and sewed it up tightly so it looked like a real sheep.

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At night he put the "sheep" in front of the entrance to the cave. The next morning the hungry dragon came out of the cave and ate up the sheep straight away. Shortly afterwards he felt a terrible burning all over his body. He tried to stop the burning by drinking a lot of water. He drank so much that the bed of the river Wisla could be seen. The dragon suddenly went "BANG!" and exploded. Exactly what the shoemaker had planned. There was great joy in Krakow. Dratewka married Wanda and they lived happily together for a very long time.

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It is found today mostly in performance halls and schools and at Ramadan where it still draws audiences.

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As an example of traditional puppet theatre, Hacivat and Karagöz strengthens a sense of cultural identity while bringing people closer together through entertainment.

When Kasim did not come back, Ali Baba went to look for him. He found his brother’s body hanging inside the cave and brought the body home. &nbsp;With the help of Marjaneh, Kasim’s servant girl, they gave Kasim a good burial without anybody wondering about the cause of his death. The thieves found that the body had gone and soon realized that somebody else must know their secret. They set out to look for him in town. They came up with many plans to find the man. However, each time their plans were foiled by the clever Marjaneh. The thieves eventually found the house of the man they were looking for. They did not know his name, Ali Baba. The leader of the thieves made a plan to kill the man who had stolen from them. He bought twenty donkeys and forty large clay oil jars with loose lids. He loaded the donkeys with two jars each and filled one jar with oil. He told his thirty-nine men to take their swords and daggers and to hide inside the jars.

He gave them orders to be ready to jump out and attack the man who stole from them. The leader filled the fortieth jar with oil. He then went to Ali Baba’s house, pretending to be an oil merchant in need of a bed for the night. Ali Baba gave him food and a bed and a stable for his donkeys. The thief left his forty jars in a long row in the courtyard. Marjaneh discovered his plan and killed all thirty-nine men by pouring boiling oil on them. When the leader came to find why his men were not ready to fight, he saw they were all dead and he ran away. He soon became friends with Ali Baba’s son, Khaled, who took him home for dinner. Ali Baba invited him inside, but Marjaneh soon grew suspicious of the man. After dinner, Marjaneh performed a dance with daggers to entertain the guest. As she finished, she raised her dagger and killed the dinner guest. A few weeks later the leader of the thieves went back to the town, disguised as a merchant.

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Nasreddin Hodja is both a tale and joke character of Turkish folk literature.Also there are many proofs that he really had lived in 13th century. Nasreddin Hodca mostly known for his role in jokes. For years,elders tell stories about him to their children and his jokes are told by everyone.He eventually became a popular joke and tale character. Our children excitedly learn,listen and tell his adventures,and have fun with him,too. Many searches and Symposiums are held in Turkey and in the World .The year of 1996 is declared as’The Year of Nasreddin Hodja’ by UNESCO. When examined carefully,he is thought to be a naive and unintelligent character.Because he reversely sits on his donkey while riding.

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•Nasreddin is a respected and beloved man in his social life, •When people quarrel among themselves,they head to Nasreddin for solution. •His sense of humour is high. •He loves to needle people with his jokes. •His jokes are products of intelligence. •He is aware of everything. •By using his intelligence,he can get out from this unwanted situations. •He lives with his wife,in some stories he has a son,and a donkey.

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Keloğlan is a Turkish fictional fairy tale character.He has great roles in many Turkish child tales,and loved by the kids in Turkey for centuries.&nbsp;

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Antxon decided to leave the village with his heart broken. The lamia was waiting for him to come back for a lot of time and one night, when everybody was sleeping, she went to Antxon’s house and she saw his empty room and there was only a map of a place called America. She knew then that he had gone forever and he will never come back. The lamia, with her heart broken as well went back to the river, and there she started to cry and cry. She was crying for days, weeks, months, years… She cried that much, that her tears made a waterfall in Xorroxin. And that is the way in which they tell the story of Antxon and the lamia.

HACİVAT : His friend Hacivat instead is the opposite of him; he is educated in a&nbsp;Moslem theology school, speaks Ottoman Turkish and uses poetical and literary&nbsp;languague. He's very clever as well.

HISTORICAL BACKGROUND According to a legend, they were working as construction workers in a&nbsp;mosque in Bursa. Although their satiric jokes entertained other workers, it also held up the building of the&nbsp;mosque&nbsp;by their constant joking together. As a result it made the&nbsp;Sultan very angry and anxious about whether Hacivat and Karagöz could encourage rebellion in others, so they were executed.The construction of the&nbsp;mosque&nbsp;was completed without them, but their friends did not forget them and kept their jokes alive, telling them over and over. In time, the adventures of Hacivat and Karagöz gained a new dimension and the traditional Turkish shadow puppet theatre was born. Hacivat and Karagöz was the most enjoyed entertainment of the&nbsp;Ottoman&nbsp;period and was widely performed for the public and in private houses between the 17th and 19th centuries especially during Ramadan, and at&nbsp;festivals, coffee houses and even in gardens.

Like&nbsp;Prince Charming, he possesses a lot of qualities: courage, purity, justness, physical and spiritual strength, cleverness, passion, and unshakable love. &nbsp;We can always see him with his magic sword, on his Marvellous Horse (Calul Nazdravan) which is his beloved and helpful companion. Ileana Cosânzeana&nbsp;is the main female character in the Romanian mythological tales and the female correspondent of Făt-Frumos, usually his ideal female. She is considered to be a good fairy, even if she isn’t named likewise. All her power is kept in her three braids and the enchanted belt that captivates and crushes the evil. According to folklore, she is kidnapped by a dragon (the Romanian term is zmeu) and locked in a tower or the Other Land. She is always saved by Făt-Frumos&nbsp;, whom must go through difficult situations on his way. In the end, he defeats the dragon and releases the girl. The tale always ends with a marriage. And they both live happily ever after.

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He is a poor orphan, trying to find his place in society; he has a profound understanding of human nature, playing on people's vices and greed, he often lies and deceives in order to find a place in society, wearing various masks, planning tricks, etc.&nbsp;

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He accepts things for what they are, not questioning their status, he understands the rules of the village and tries to find a place in his own village. He spends his time fighting the “12-head dragon”-&nbsp;people’s stupidity. Besides being a literature character, he is also a film hero.

CHARACTERISTIC FEATURES OF KELOĞLAN STORIES: “Keloğlan”is a combination of two Turkish words(kel-oğlan)and means “Bald-Boy” Keloglan is a young and baldman(a bald child in some tales).His father passed away many years ago,he lives with his old mother in a simple shack in a small village. He has a very stubborn donkey.He and his donkey are both very lazy and careless,and his mother usually gets angry with them.

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PLACE They always live in extremely poor conditions in a small village. TIME Traditionally,he seems to be living in middle ages,but in some new and modern Keloglan stories,he also comes to our time and takes new roles in modern age.

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The only thing he didn’t like about being a shepherd was that when he was going to the parties in the village, all the girls were telling him: You smell like a goat! Like a sheep! – replyed Antxon. In the end, he always finished going back to the mountain with his animals.

It tells the story of Antxon, a lonely and dreamer shepherd that made his sheep dance to his flute sound. And it also tells the story of how he fell in love with a duck-feet lamia.

Antxon lived in Erratzu, but he was hardly at home. He was all day long in the mountains, walking in barenaked feet and laying in the grass looking at the shape of the clouds.

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This story has a great component of he oral tradition, because it is more a legend than a tale. I Heard it from the elders in Erratzu, one of Navarra’s villages. I was coming back from a swim in Xorroxin waterfall (one of the most beautiful places in Navarra, in Baztan’s Valley). They say that the splash from wáter in the waterfall sounds like a very very sad song.

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Clothing and character Pinocchio is a wooden&nbsp;marionette(a puppet that is manipulated with wires) and not a hand puppet(directly controlled from inside by the puppeteer's hand). But the piece of wood from which he is derived is animated, and so Pinocchio moves independently. Basically good, he often gets carried away by bad company and is prone to lying.

His nose will become longer and longer once he starts lying to others. Because of these characteristics he often finds himself in trouble. Pinocchio undergoes transformations during the novel: he promises The Fairy with turquoise hair to become a real boy, flees with Candlewick to the Land of Toys, becomes a donkey, joins a circus, and becomes a puppet again. 

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In the last chapter, out of the mouth of The terrible dogfish with Geppetto, finally stops being a puppet and becomes a real boy (thanks to the intervention of the Fairy in a dream). In the novel, Pinocchio is often depicted with a pointy hat, a jacket and a pair of colored, knee-length pants.&nbsp;

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He is giant cyclops. He used to live in the mountainsand work as a shepherd. He is enormous and so is his strenght. His&nbsp;favourite hobby is throwing stones from one mountain to another. He is commonly depicted as a bad character, quite wild and agressive. He is said to eat animals and sometimes children or adults. Legends say that he died following one of his preays into a well, and so he drawned.

<a href="https://youtu.be/j-THGomlBgY">https://youtu.be/j-THGomlBgY</a> Here you can see a video with a tale about the story of the Tartalo. Even when it is in Basque language (I couldn't find any story in English, not even in Spanish), I think it is easily unerstood. It tell the story of a very big tartalo that finds a man when he is hungry, and so how the man defeats the tartalo by using his mind; and how in the end the tartalo drawns and goodness get over evil.

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KELOĞLAN IN LITERATURE,CINEMA AND MUSIC Also,there are many Keloğlan films,cartoons,and songs in Turkish visual,audial and written media.Themost famous film series of Keloğlan was made between1971-1975,including 4 movies.Rüştü Asyalı,a famous Turkish actor,was acting as “Keloglan”in those films.

“I AM A POOR BALD BOY I am a poor bald boy. My donkey&nbsp;has no saddle. All I have is correctness,I hate lies. I have an old mother,several chicken,and a cow Everyday,some homeless flies lands on my bald head. I am no one’s slave or servant. I am the ear and tongue of people. I never beg to craven. I am a bright spark man. I am Keloğlan,this is my core. I have no interest to ill-gotten gains. Of course I always have a couple of things to say, For those who exploit the poors.”

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5AjLTwIxSiI

All forty thieves were dead and Ali Baba and his family were safe once and for all. Ali Baba was so impressed with Marjaneh that he offered his son to her for her husband. Khaled happily married Marjaneh and they had a baby. Ali Baba decided to show Khaled the cave with the treasure. Khaled promised that he, too, would show his son the cave when he was old enough. And so Ali Baba and his family were never poor again.

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Once upon a time there lived a knight called Fulko. He was the first owner of Fiľakovo castle. He was a rich man, and his favourite pastime was eating, drinking and hunting. One day he was hunting in the forest when a deer attacked him. He was badly wounded. A poor man called Samson found him lying in the forest and took him to his cottage. Samson had a pretty daughter, Elisabeth. She took care of Fulko day and night. As he was getting better, he fell in love with Elisabeth and took her to his castle. Elisabeth was very happy in the castle. Fulko spent all his money on her expensive clothes and jewels, even he counterfeited coins in his castle.

The king heard about it and sentenced Fulko to fight naked against an armed knight. The king’s soldiers came to arrest Fulko but they didn’t find him in the castle. He escaped and disappeared for ever. The beautiful Elisabeth couldn’t live without Fulko. She commited suicide: she jumped out of the castle and died immediately. 30 years later a dead man’s body was found in the forest of the Zobor hill. There was a necklace with a gold medal on his neck. A strange note was written on the medal, it said: “Elisabeth, I’m yours until my death!”

The Adventures of Pinocchio Pinocchio's characterization varies across interpretations, but several aspects are consistent across all adaptations: Pinocchio is a puppet; Pinocchio's maker is Geppetto; and Pinocchio's nose grows when he lies. A short nose that becomes longer when he is under stress (chapter 3), especially while lying. In the original tale, Collodi describes him as a "rascal," .&nbsp; Pinocchio's bad behavior, rather than being charming or endearing, is meant to serve as a warning. Collodi originally intended the story, which was first published in 1881, to be a tragedy. It concluded with the puppet’s execution. Pinocchio’s enemies, the Fox and the Cat, bind his arms, pass a noose around his throat, and hang him from the branch of an oak tree. The nose appears only a couple of times in the story, but it reveals the Blue Fairy's power over Pinocchio when he acts disobediently. After struggling and weeping over his deformed nose, the Blue Fairy summons woodpeckers to peck it back to normal.&nbsp;

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