Earth Science Terminology
@lacrossescience
Class Book 1

Table of Contents

Chapter One: How We Explore Our World...........................................................Page 8

Geology
Climate
Satellite Data
Remote sensing
Aerial maps
LANDSAT
Topographic maps
GPS & GIS
Underwater exploration with machines
Seismograph
Seismic data
Focus & Epicenter
Paleontologist & Paleontological data
Paleoclimate data

Chapter Two: Into The Earth......................................................................... Page 23

Hydrosphere
Mesosphere
Lithosphere
Earthquake
Seismic data
Seismic waves
Velocity
Reflection of seismic waves
Refraction of seismic waves
Cross section
Crust
Mantle
Upper & Lower Mantle
Asthenosphere
Magma
Earth’s Interior
Composition of Earth’s Interior
Layers of Earth’s Interior
Earth’s interior inner and out core

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Chapter Three: Building Up......................................................................... Page 44

Convection currents
Volcanic activity
Ring of Fire
Subduction
Sea floor spreading
Mid-Atlantic Ridge
Ocean vents
Mariana Trench
Hot spots
Island arcs
Geysers
Hot springs
Sedimentary rocks
Deposition
Major tectonic plates
Minor tectonic plates
Rock tension
Compression
Rock deformation
Shear stress
Faults
Divergent plate boundaries
Convergent plate boundaries
Transform plate boundaries
San Andreas Fault Line
New Madrid Fault Line

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Chapter Four: Tearing Down......................................................................... Page 71
Erosion
Sink hole
Cave
Karst topography
Tsunami
Flooding
Flood plain
Glacier
Out wash
Till
Kettles
Esker
Erratic
Moraines
Coastlines
Gravitational energy
Gradients
Mass wasting
Rift Valley
Trench

Chapter Five: Clues To The Past.............................................................Page 92

Uniformitarianism
Continental drift
Fossil distribution
Index fossils
Amber
Asphalt fossils
Trace fossils
Differentiate
Accretion
Heavier elements coalesced
Planetary differentiation
Relative age of rock
Superposition
Crosscutting relationships
Geologic column
Geologic record
Absolute age
Absolute age of rock
Radiometric dating
Ice core sampling
Magnetic reversals

Chapter Six: Understanding The Future..........................................Page 109

Earthquake resistant
Paleomagnetism

Chapter 1:
How We Explore

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Geology

Study of the solid Earth, the rocks that make it up, and the processes that make them change over time.

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https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geology

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Climate is weather conditions that prevail in a area in general or over a long period.

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