The 3 Main Types of Rocks!

By: Faith Guingon

Table of Contents

Introduction...............................3

Sedimentary Rocks.......................4 & 5

Igneous Rocks..............................6 & 7

Metamorphic Rocks.......................8 & 9

The Rock Cycle..............................10

Fun Facts....................................11

Glossary......................................12

Thank You For Reading!..................13

Introduction

You've probably seen rocks everywhere in your life. Maybe rocks from houses, buildings, roads, and even from nature! In fact, our earth is mostly made up of rock! But all those things are made from different types of rocks. In this book, you will be learning about 3 main types of rocks. Sedimentary Rocks, Igneous Rocks, & Metamorphic Rocks! You've probably never heard of these types of rocks in your life, so that's why you should keep reading and learn more about them! Have fun! :D

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Sedimentary Rocks

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Sedimentary rocks are rocks that can be layered or striped and look like they're glued together tight. The layers are made up of more than 1 material. It includes minerals, small bits of plants, and other organic matter. Sedimentary rocks can even contain fossils. These rocks form when sediments get laid down and compressed by more and more layers over time. Or you can also say it as Compaction & Cementation. This usually occurs at the bottom of lakes and oceans. Then, turns into solid layers of rock which is called a sedimentary rock.

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Some examples of sedimentary rocks include: Limestone, Sandstone, Coal, Flint, Conglomerate, Shale, and Breccia

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Limestone

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Sandstone

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Flint

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Coal

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Conglomerate

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Shale

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Breccia

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Igneous Rocks

Igneous rocks were first on the planet. This is because when the earth cooled about 4 billion years ago, it had cooled enough for the first solid crust to form on the surface. The first solid crust was made from the first igneous rocks. These igneous rocks are formed when magma or lava from volcanoes cool and harden. It can do this above or below earth's surface. They can be found near volcanic lava flows. Igneous rocks are divided up into 2 categories. Intrusive & Extrusive. The rocks that are formed deep below earth's surface are called Intrusive Igneous rocks. Other igneous rocks are formed above or near earth's surface and are called Extrusive igneous rocks.

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Some examples of igneous rocks include: Granite, Pumice, Andesite, Obsidian, Rhyolite, Gabbro, and Diorite

Granite

Pumice

Andesite

Obsidian

Rhyolite

Gabbro

Diorite

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Metamorphic Rocks

Metamorpic Rocks are rocks that you can see with ribbonlike layers made out of mineral grains. These rocks are formed by a previous kind of rock. An igneous or sedimentary rock. They go through extreme pressure combined with heat over time. This is called metamorphism.

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Some examples of metamorphic rocks include: Slate, Gneiss (Nice), Marble, Schist, Phyllite, and Quartzite

Slate

Gneiss

marble

Schist

Phyllite

Quartzite

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The Rock Cycle

The rock cycle is all about the 3 main rocks (sedimentary, igneous, and metamorphic) that go through changes. Each type of rock moves around the cycle in different ways. If you take a look at the picture of the rock cycle that I have, you can see how each rock goes around in the cycle. This rock cycle repeats again and again.

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