Great Scientists

THE GREAT SCIENTISTS

Nesho Bonchev High School

VIIIv class, Science class

Monday 9th May 2022

Natural History Museum, London, UK & Charles Darwin

Words by Sylvia Bobekova

There are a lot of great scientists all over the world.
Get to know the scientists that changed the world as we know it though their contributions and discoveries.
Human society has reached today where it is largely on the back of scientific advancements. Can you imagine a world without electricity? Thousands of scientists have worked tirelessly throughout their lives on research, experiments, philosophies, and ideas to solve complex mysteries, save lives, make life easier, and take humanity forward. Here we take a look at the top greatest scientists whose inventions changed the world.

THANKS to Darwin's theory of human evolution

Words by VIIIv class

Thanks to Darwin's Theory of human evolution, lots of people have become the greatest scientists and gone viral. These scientists are incredible inventors who became popular all over the world.

Albert Einstein
Ada Lavelace
Issak Newton
Michail Lomonosov
Michael Faraday
Charles Darwin
Fr. Crick and James Watson
Nikola Tesla
Thomas Edison
Archimedes
Marie Curie
Gallileo Gallilei
Pythagoras
Johann Karl Friedrich Gauss
Konstantin Eduardovich Tsiolkovski
John Atanasov

Albert Einstein

What is Albert remembered for?

BORN

Albert Einstein (March 14, 1879 in Ulm - April 18, 1955 in Princeton, New Jersey) was born in Germany, a physicist with Swiss and American citizenship. He is considered one of the most important theoretical physicists in the history of science and one of the most famous scientists of modern times in the world.

Einstein's major work, the theory of relativity, made him world famous!

Einstein became a full professor at the German Charles-Ferdinand University in Prague in April 1911, accepting Austrian citizenship in the Austro-Hungarian Empire to do so.

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Winner of the Nobel Prize (1922)

The Nobel Prize in Physics for 1921 was awarded only on November 9, 1922: to Albert Einstein "for his service to theoretical physics, especially for the discovery of the law of the photoelectric effect"

Magdalina S.

THE GREAT SCIENTISTS Ada Lovelace

Nina I.

Ada Lovelace: The Enchantress of Numbers

Ada was born on 10 December 1815. She was the only child and her parents were George Gordon Byron(poet) and Anne Isabella. Ada was ill from a young age. From 1832, when she was seventeen, her remarkable mathematical abilities began to emerge.
In 1833, at the age of 17, Ada Lovelace met one of the great scientists of the era, with whom she became lifelong friends. This is Charles Babbage, a Lucas professor of mathematics at Cambridge. The two began to have intensive correspondence on topics such as mathematics, logic, and other sciences. By this time, Babbage was already popular in London as the inventor of the mechanical computer for mathematical calculations, resembling the computer that counted to 20 characters.

10 December 1815

Chemist, Mathematician

In 1844, she would comment to a friend about her desire to create a mathematical model for how the brain gives rise to thoughts and nerves to feelings(" a calculus of the nervous system").To say she was ahead of her time would be an understatement.Lovelace died at the age of 36 on 27 November 1852, from uterine cancer.The computer language Ada, created on befalf on the United States department of Defence, was named after Ada Lovelece.

27 November 1852

First computer programmer

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In 1953, over a hundred years after her death, Ada's notes on Babbage's Analytical Engine were republished. In 1998, the British Computer Society established a medal in honor of the Countess of Lovelace, which is awarded for services in the field.

The Great Scientists

Isaak Newton

Isaak Newton was born on Christmas Day 1642 in Great Britany. He discovered the laws, that now bear his name, when England has been in plague. The English scholar held off on publishing those findings for decades.

When Halley said the orbital problem to him, Newton shocked Halley by giving the soution immediately. The answer has been exposed long ago.Halley persuaded Newton to publish his calculations, and the results were Principia, in 1687.Not only he describe for the first time how the planets move throught the space and how projectiles on Earth travel throught the air. The principia showed that the same fundamental force, gravity, governs both.

His assistant Humphrey Newton( he isn't Isaak's relation) wrote about Isaak he never knew him to take any recreation. Isaak Newton never went halfway on anything, said Humphery more.

Newton's work has been said "to distinctly advance every branch of mathematics then studied". His work on the subject, usually referred to as fluxions or calculus, seen in a manuscript of October 1666, is now published among Newton's mathematical papers. His work De analysi per aequationes numero terminorum infinitas, sent by Isaac Barrow to John Collins in June 1669, was identified by Barrow in a letter sent to Collins that August as the work "of an extraordinary genius and proficiency in these things".

1642-1727

What we know is a drop, what we don't know is an ocean.

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Newton

Nikoleta

Marie Curie

Autobiography

She was born in Warsaw and studied at the Warsaw Hidden Summer University. In 1891 (at the age of 24) she followed her sister and went to study in Paris where she continued her studies. In 1895 she married the French physicist Pierre Curie and shared with him and another physicist, the 1903 Nobel Prize in Physics.

full name: Marie Salomea Skłodowska–Curie
born in: Warsraw
birthday: 7th November 1867
death: 4th July 1934
nationality: Polish-French
proffeshion: phisicist and chemist
famous with: She is the first woman to win the Nobel Prize twice in two scientific fields.

Achievements

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Working with her husband, Pierre Curie, Marie Curie discovered polonium and radium in 1898. In 1903 they won the Nobel Prize for Physics for discovering radioactivity. In 1911 she won the Nobel Prize for Chemistry for isolating pure radium.

In 1891 Skłodowska went to Paris and, now using the name Marie, began to follow the lectures of Paul Appell, Gabriel Lippmann, and Edmond Bouty at the Sorbonne. There she met physicists who were already well known—Jean Perrin, Charles Maurain, and Aimé Cotton. Skłodowska worked far into the night in her student-quarters garret and virtually lived on bread and butter and tea. She came first in the licence of physical sciences in 1893. She began to work in Lippmann’s research laboratory and in 1894 was placed second in the licence of mathematical sciences. It was in the spring of that year that she met Pierre Curie.

Penka

MIKHAIL VASILIEVICH LOMONOSOV

Mikhail Vasilievich Lomonosov is a Russian scientist, encyclopedist and writer, a representative of the classics.

Autobiograhy

Mikhail Vasilievich Lomonosov is a Russian scholar, scientist and writer who has made important contributions to literature, education and science. Among his discoveries are the atmosphere of Venus and the law of conservation of mass in chemical reactions. His fields of science are natural sciences, chemistry, physics, mineralogy, history, art, philology, optical devices and more. Founder of modern geology, Lomonosov was also a poet and influenced the formation of modern Russian literary language.

The most important thing:
Born: November 19
Died: April 15, aged 53
Nationality: Russian

Signature:

Author: Gloriya Shtrangova

Michael Faraday

Denislava N.

Аutobiography of Michael Faraday

Early Life

Michael Faraday was born on September 22, 1791 in Newington Butts. He is the son of a blacksmith and his family is extremely poor. He has an older brother and two sisters. The family has no money even for Faraday's secondary education. During his 7-year apprenticeship, he read many books, repeated the experiments described in them, and in the evening attended lectures and took notes.

Recent years and death

Despite his worldwide fame, Faraday remained a humble, kind, and kind-hearted man for the rest of his life. He rejected the offer of chivalry and twice refused to become president of the Royal Society - in 1848 and 1858. During the Crimean War, the British government invited him to participate in the development of chemical weapons against the Russian army, but Faraday rejected this offer. He often rejects bargains if he is not allowed to do what he loves.
In 1840, Michael Faraday became seriously ill again and managed to return to active work only 4 years later, in a short time. There is a version that the disease is the result of mercury poisoning, often used in his experiments.
Michael Faraday died on August 25, 1867, at his desk in London, before turning 76 years old.

Scientific discoveries

Electromagnetic induction

As a child, Michael Faraday read an article about electricity in the Encyclopaedia Britannica and fell in love with it forever.
At the age of twenty, Faraday became a personal assistant to the famous scientist Humphrey Davy and conducted countless experiments with magnets in the laboratory of the British Royal Institute.
On October 17, 1831, he wrapped two wires around a metal ring, one connecting to a battery and detecting current in the other.
This is how electromagnetic induction was discovered. And so modern electricity is born.

Unipolar motor

A unipolar motor was the first electric motor to be built. Its action was demonstrated by Michael Faraday in 1821.
The motor works on the principle of electromagnetism and magnetic forces. The motor is composed of a conductive wire connected from the positive to the negative terminal to the magnet, thus completing the circuit. This wire must be free to rotate, always maintaining contact with both the terminal and the magnet. The current (I) passing through the conductor creates an electromagnetic field. This field will interact with the magnetic field (B) produced by the permanent magnet, and the Lorentz force (F) will be applied perpendicular to the directions of current and magnetic inductance.

Charles Darwin

full name: Charles Robert Darwin

born: February 12, 1809 in Shrewsbury England

Died: April 19, 1882 (aged 73) England

Famos with: Charles Darwin is famos with his theory of human evolution and origin

Autobiography

Charles Darwin is born February 12, 1809. His father is Robert Darwin (doctor) and his mother is Susannah Darwin. He had three sisters and one bother. His mother died when hi was eight and his sisters cared of him. When he was 16 years old his father sent him to study medicine at Edinburgh University in 1825. In 1828 his father switched him to Christ’s College, Cambridge.

Shortly after graduating from college he took part in a riot for the return of the fortress of Montevideo, Uruguay.He then continued to travel with the sailors and toured many islands. He then discovered his theory of reef formation. In the last stage of the journey, he completed his 770-page diary. Upon his return, Darwin became famous through the publication of the diary. It was in the years of adventure that he developed his theory of evolution.

In 1839 he married his first cousin on his mother’s side, Emma Wedgwood. Together they had 10 children, 3 of whom died at a young age.

Charles Darwin was an English naturalist, geologist and biologist. He's famos with his theory of human evolution and origin. Darwin formulated his bold theory in 1837–39, after returning from a voyage around the world aboard HMS Beagle.In his book, Darwin provides evidence that evolution from a common ancestor is the main scientific explanation for the diversity of life in nature. He studied the evolution of man and sexual choice in The Origin of Man and Sexual Team, then published "Expressing Emotions in Man and Animals." In books he published his research on plants, and in the latter he studied earthworms and their influence on the soil.

Vasilena K.