Our Space

Exhibition 2021 OLP

We want to thank our mentor, Soledad Valverde, for teaching and managing our skills, mistakes and corrections. This has been a big project and with her help everything was much easier and clear. She helped us and always understood our intentions and made clear what we needed to do. She was an awesome mentor. We want to thank our community for helping us recycling in our action. They were really helpful bringing plastic to make a change in pollution. Reciclar S.A. is an organization that helped us recycle and turn into beautiful objects the used plastic collected at school. We want to thank them for making this happen and because they are really helping with pollution. Recycling is an option for everyone and this company shows another creative way of doing things. More information about Reciclar S.A. in <a href="http://reciclarsa.com.ar/">http://reciclarsa.com.ar/</a> and <a href="bookcreator://page/x1e7dLlKTCaLrlUa6fzS0g/left">p.88</a>

Special thanks: Mariano de Virgilis, for the awesome technical help. Marcela Miro and Veronica Perez Cardiello for their great support and ideas. Veronica Iriarte for her great suggestions and ideas for our cover page. We want to specially thank our parents for their support and helping in our action. Teachers from Primary that helped us in our action and encouraging their students to recycle. And last but not least thank you to all of the people that are reading this incredible magazine!

We made a recycling campaign that took place here at school. We set up two boxes, one for recycling and another to send messages to space. Plastic is recycled by sending it to an amazing organization, Reciclar S.A. They turn plastics into objects to be used in the kitchens, bathrooms and more. This happens because we don’t take care of our planet t and continue polluting it. It has to do with us because this pollution might lead s to get forced to evacuate planet Earth. This is a serious problem and every little action counts. If everyone collaborates with our action, hopefully, we will make a change. In the other box we asked people to write down messages and ideas to send to space in case we are forced to leave Earth. This creates awareness of the problem we might have if we keep on polluting. Some people want to stay in Earth and others want to see space as they feel it might be an adventure to go there.

The other box is for sending messages and ideas to space because if we keep polluting space might be an option to live in.

This is the plastic that was placed in the recycling box. We visited every primary class to transmit our message and to raise awareness on this problem. We are very happy that some people collaborated and we hope many more will continue to do so. This community campaign is helping with pollution.

Figure 6: Image of a black hole in outer space.

There is a Black hole in the Andromeda Galaxy (FIGURE 6) 2.5 million light-years away. If any matter comes near a black hole, it disappears completely (6). Nobody really knows what happens

As a matter of fact, against all odds, we are much more than matter, we are a dynamic biological complex process shifting in time, that uses energy and produces energy (3).

to matter that ends up in a black hole. What we do know is that anything that gets pulled inside, becomes isolated from space and time, it’s as if matters disappear from the universe we live in.&nbsp;

What has space to do with us? What are we in the context of space?

Figure 7: Carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen phosphorus and sulphur atoms as CHNOPS.

The stars are made of the same elements as us but they die in a different way. Their core, the center, is so tight that it explodes. The star then turns into a planetary nebula, a black hole or a neutron star.

Let’s think about the elements that form us, carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, phosphorus and sulphur, together they are known as CHNOPS, for their initials (6) (FIGURE 7) These six elements are all found in stars and to our surprise we are also made of these same elements!&nbsp; The elements that form us were long formed when stars were born. When those stars died, their core ran out of hydrogen making them explode, blasting their chemical content into space. And this dust became the building blocks of life. What is interesting is that we can combine these elements in various ways and lengths, adding up a total of 915,103,765 different ways! So, a small number of elements can combine to form an infinite number of things, organic and inorganic.

Traveling to Space, a not so long near future!&nbsp;

Our body has evolved to live on Earth, but the conditions in space are not very similar. What would happen to our bodies in the cold vacuum of space? We need special suits (FIGURE 8), because as mentioned earlier, in space there’s vacuum (7), and we wouldn’t be able to survive in such conditions and in the freezing cold. Basically, our blood would boil, not because of the heat, it would simply change its state from liquid to gas because there is no atmospheric pressure. Our lungs would explode, since there is no pressure to keep the oxygen inside them, the oxygen molecules would start to spread apart until it eventually makes lungs collapse.

Introduction (hay que modificar mi introduction asi no parece una interview) So, Exhibition is a program where children in Year 6 (like me) choose a topic they would like to inquire about and through questions they produce a final product to expose what they have learnt. The topic I chose is Space.

Hi I am Tomas Russi and I am a Northlands student. In the UOI 4 "Who We Are", we inquired about different topics. I'm going to talk about wonders of space, and in this paper I am going to show my inquiry. I will present it in a reflective text talking about where we come from or what is beyond the horizon. My opinion is that this theme is interesting because when you are looking at a theory there is always something incomplete.

2) What is beyond the horizon?

This is a question that humans ask themselves all the time. At first they thought the Earth was plain, but how and where did it stand? What lied beyond sight? Where was the end of it?&nbsp; On the religious side,&nbsp; Viking: Midgard in Norse mythology, Middle Earth, the abode of humanity, made from the body of the first created being, the giant Aurgelmir. According to legend, the gods killed Aurgelmir, rolled his body into the central void of the universe, and began to mold Midgard. Aztecs:According to a story of the Aztecs: At first there was nothing, and then the eternal god Ometecuhtli, created Tonacatecuhtli (lord of our flesh) and Tonacacihuatl (lady of our flesh) to populate the universe. These two gods had four children: the first was born red, and without the skin that covered his body and they called him xipe totec (our lord the flayed one). The second was born black, with jaguar claws and fangs, and was called Tezcatlipoca (smoking black mirror). The third was born white, with blond hair and blue eyes, and was called Quetzalcoatl (feathered serpent). And the fourth was born blue, with half of his body emaciated, and they called him Huitzilopochtli (left-handed hummingbird). As time passed, the four brothers met to find out what they would do and, after much deliberation, agreed to create a work that would venerate and dignify them as gods.

More than two thousand years ago Aristotle showed that the Earth is spherical and Eratosthenes measured its circumference. But there are people who believe that Earth is flat. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Until now we can’t answer the question about what is beyond the horizon even though there could be many theories, nothing is really confirmed.

3) What is there in the sky?

Many people&nbsp; wondered about the Earth, the sun, the stars. It was not long before some of these questions were answered. But there are some ones we can’t still answer&nbsp; On March 4, 1610 Galileo discovered that the earth was not the only planet, but one of 8 planets moving around the sun. Many people&nbsp; wondered about the Earth, the sun, the stars. It was not long before some of these questions were answered. But there are some ones we can’t still answer&nbsp; On March 4, 1610 Galileo discovered that the earth was not the only planet, but one of 8 planets moving around the sun.

The solar system is the collection of eight planets that move around (orbit) the sun, together with smaller bodies such as asteroids, meteorites and comets. Each planet travels around its own path or orbit, around the sun. They take different lengths of time to move all of the way around. For example the earth takes 365 days and nights to orbit the Sun.

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Hi I’m Tomas Russi and this is my report to show my inquiry. The UOI 4 (Unit of Inquiry) we are starting to work on, is called “Who we are”. That got me thinking and I questioned myself many things. Many questions came to my mind: starting with “who we are” of course, but followed by, “where do we come from?”. “Where do&nbsp;we live?”, “ what is there beyond the horizon?”,&nbsp;“what is there in the sky?”,&nbsp;“how did it all begin?”. I know I am not the only one that has asked himself these questions. And this leads me to my first conclusion: Questions are part of who we are.&nbsp;

<a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MCZR4S_NOHo">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MCZR4S_NOHo</a>

Animation for Olympia Loizaga’s song. By: Jack Thompson 

BUT there is a substance we need to have to keep wormholes open, because gravity would try to shut them. This substance is called EXOTIC MATTER and it would need to have negative mass. Everything with positive mass is attracted to each other by gravity. But this substance with negative mass would repel things acting as a sort of anti gravity and would keep gravity from closing our wormholes.

Now what you know what wormholes are then a I am going to talk about wormholes and blackholes because alot of times people think they are the same thing and mistake them with one and the other. The main difference between wormholes and black holes is that no object can theoretically come back after crossing a black hole’s event horizon,the place where the speed needed to escape the black hole’s gravitational pull exceeds the speed of light,theoretically in a wormhole you could come back.An interesting fact about black holes is they are actually called black holes because they can suck light.

Wormholes were first theorised by Eintein in 1916

At first , building a wormhole seems pretty straightforward. According to Einstein's Theory of General Relativity, mass and energy warp the fabric of space-time. And a certain special configuration of matter and energy would allow the formation of a tunnel, a shortcut between two otherwise distant regions of the universe.

If we keep polluting our planet like we are doing right now, humans would die due to the lack of resources. So we would need a fast and accessible mode of transport to go to another planet where we could survive. That's where&nbsp; wormholes would come in. It would be super fast and there would be no weight limit, so we could move humanity to another habitable planet superfast.&nbsp;

We programmed our own game! Click on the link to play a game in Scratch Objective: Kill 5 rows of aliens and the mother ship. You win when all of the aliens are killed. Warning: if you get killed you lose. You have 3 lives. Instructions: Move with the right and left arrows on your keyboard. Press the space bar to shoot the laser to kill the aliens .

Scratch Game/ Space Invaders

There are three types of rock: igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic. These names describe how each type of rock was formed.

Sedimentary rock may form from pieces of other rock. In a process called erosion, wind and water slowly break rock into tiny pieces. Water washes the pieces into rivers. They settle along the river bottom in soft, loose layers called sediment. Over millions of years the sediment builds up, hardens, and becomes solid rock. Sandstone is a sedimentary rock that forms in this way. Sedimentary rock also may form from the remains of dead animals or plants. Limestone is a sedimentary rock that is made up of the shells and stony skeletons of certain kinds of living things.

Igneous rock is hardened magma. Magma may escape through cracks in Earth’s crust. It may also come to Earth’s surface when a volcano erupts. As the escaped magma cools, it hardens into solid rock. Granite and basalt are examples of igneous rock.

Metamorphic rock forms from old igneous or sedimentary rock. Several forces can change old rock into new metamorphic rock. Great heat and pressure inside Earth’s crust can shape old rock into metamorphic rock. Water can dissolve minerals in old rock or carry new minerals into it to form metamorphic rock. The heat of magma can also change old rock into metamorphic rock. Marble and slate are examples of metamorphic rock.

Have you ever wondered what is in this dark place, space? The immensity of it? The millions of stars, planets and new wonders? In this magazine you can learn and enjoy the special spacial things and realize our connection to it. You’ll have games and more. Our group assures you you’ll have fun while learning and reading about crazy experiences and interesting facts about our topics related to space. We are all inside space. In our tiny little planet, inside our solar system, in the Milky Way inside the universe with a billion more galaxies. Our topics are in order from the topic that hoards the biggest stuff about space to the topic that closes everything up and is very specific.

We are all a part of space. We are in Earth polluting and that needs to be solved. We are doing a campaign to interact with the community by recycling. We can be who we want to be but it’s really important we stop polluting because if not we’re damaging us and making climate change that affects the biodiversity around the world. Surprisingly, we are made from the same materials of stars: Carbon, Hydrogen, Nitrogen, Oxygen, Phosphorus and Sulfur. We are matter living on Earth. We can measure matter by analyzing how gravity affects it.

Where does Space begin?

The Earth's atmosphere does not end suddenly. Its layers become thinner and farther from the Earth. Most experts agree that outer space begins 100 km high, although there is no visible line indicating where it really begins. If we imagine a road sticking straight up into the air, it would take us 1 hour to drive to space, if

we are travelling at a speed of 100 km/h. At this distance the air is too thin for planes to fly. However, even above this height there is a very thin layer of air, called the exosphere (1). It constitutes the transition of atmospheric gases, such as hydrogen, into outer space.&nbsp;

Figure 2: Representative image of the darkness of space.

a supernova, and you were to be staring directly at it, at the moment when its light reached you, you still wouldn’t be able to see even a glimmer. That is how big and how dark the universe is” (3).

Darker than black!

In the photographs taken from space, planet Earth seems to be surrounded by darkness. This reflects how empty outer space is. Planets like Earth glow because they reflect sunlight. The stars, on the other hand, shine because they release large amounts of energy produced by intense atomic collisions (2). Most of space appears dark because there is nothing there to produce or reflect light (FIGURE 2). Further, the view of intergalactic space is completely dark, pitch dark.&nbsp;As Dr. David Deutsch would explain in his TED Talk in 2005 (3) “it is so dark Dark that if you were to be looking at the dark, that the nearest star to you, if it were to explode as

Vacuum is defined as a place without air or gas. In our Solar System, space contains on average five atoms/cm3. Interstellar space, the space between stars, contains around one atom/cm3, while intergalactic space, the space between galaxies, contains 100 times less (4). In other words, the vacuum in space is one million times less dense than the highest vacuum that our best technology on Earth can currently create (3). However, a perfect vacuum isn’t possible because quantum physics theory explains that changes in energy known as ‘virtual particles’ are constantly popping in and out of existence, even in ‘empty’ space (5).

That’s the bad part about wormholes because we still can’t be sure of their existence. F: I agree. Penultimate question, Could we travel through wormholes? And if we could, how would that be? P: That’s a difficult one.&nbsp; Emmmm; we could travel through wormholes. But the problem is that gravity would try to close the wormhole, so we would&nbsp;need to keep it open to travel through it. So, we would have to use exotic matter, but that might not exist. F: What is exotic matter? P: Exotic matter is stuff that has negative mass. It's kind of the opposite to positive mass. Positive mass attracts everything, because of gravity. So, negative mass would push everything away. F: Do you think that this could exist? P: I really don’t know. F: Okay.&nbsp; Ready for the last question? P: Yes F: Okay, what is inside the black holes? And can we timetravell through them? P: Inside the black holes there is a lot of matter condensed into a single point called “Singularity”. You can’t time travel through black holes. You could if you orbit one, because if you orbit a black hole you go very fast. This was shown in a movie called Interstellar. Cooper's team went to a planet that orbited a black hole at 55% the speed of light. So, if you would spend an hour on that planet, on earth that time would represent seven years.&nbsp; I really recommend that movie. It also is one of the best movies I’ve ever seen.&nbsp; F: I will watch it. What do you think about this interview? And what do you think about space?

CAPTION Half page image nullam nunc eros, vehicula feugiat

P: I think it was really interesting, good and you asked me really good questions. F: Thanks P: For me space is amazing, interesting, big and it allows a lot of theories and inventions. It makes us aware that there is more than just a little planet and we have to take care of it like we take care of our planet, because if we don’t take care of space and other planets we wouldn’t be able to live on another planet even if it’s necessary. Space is our home too and is a part of who we are. F: Good reflection.&nbsp; END OF THE INTERVIEW F: Ladies and Gentlemen this is the end of today’s interview with Philip Lunchbox! I hope you all liked it and I will see you soon.

<a href="https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2019/04/190415090853.htm">Do wormholes really exist?</a> <a href="https://www.forbes.com/sites/startswithabang/2018/10/18/this-is-how-we-know-there-are-two-trillion-galaxies-in-the-universe/">How many galaxies are in the universe?</a> <a href="https://www.space.com/32728-parallel-universes.html">Do parallel universes exist?</a> <a href="https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/follow-up-what-exactly-is/">What are wormholes?</a> <a href="https://www.bbc.com/mundo/noticias-53230253">What is going to happen with the star betelgeuse?</a> <a href="https://www.weather.gov/fsd/mercury">What is the temperature of the planets of the solar system?</a> <a href="https://youtu.be/9P6rdqiybaw">Can we travel through wormholes? And if we can how?</a>

Transmission of Heat:

Representative Image of our Solar System. The sun (star) is surrounded by planets orbiting it.

On earth, the air transmits heat from one place to another. In space, there is no air to distribute heat (7). This is why for example, the side of a spacecraft that is exposed to sunlight becomes very hot, while the other side that is in darkness cools down considerably. Before going into space, spacecrafts must be tested in a thermal vacuum chamber that controls temperature. It is not possible to launch the spacecraft into space without first checking that they can withstand extreme temperatures (8).

Where does space end?

To find out, we need to travel to the farthest reaches of the universe. First, we need to get to the limit of our own solar system. The Sun is our star and the planets orbit around the sun. They seem close together but actually they are not (FIGURE 3). If we took the fastest spacecraft it would take 36 years to reach the edge of our solar system. So, we need to travel at the speed of light (denoted as a constant named c: 299&nbsp;792&nbsp;458 m/s). According to&nbsp;Einstein, c&nbsp;is the upper limit for the speed at which matter, energy or any signal carrying information, can travel through&nbsp;space (9). To travel across our entire galaxy, known as the Milky Way, it would take us around 100,000 years at light speed. When leaving our galaxy and travelling the whole known universe, if we are still travelling at light speed it would take us 93 billion years, while passing along hundreds of billions of galaxies along the way.

The Universe is everything (7) (FIGURE 4). There are more stars in the universe than there are grains of sand on Earth, and each one of those billions of stars is thought to have at least one planet orbiting it. Does all of this really exist just for us? Or is there other life out there?

I'm Delfina Garcia Feldman. I’m from Y6B and I’m 12 years old. This is my exhibition. Exhibition is a project were we chose a topic and then we inquired about it. In my exhibition I have inquired about the minerals. I chose this topic because many people don’t know that we use minerals every day , at all times. I also thought it would be an interesting topic. As a group we all investigated individually and then present it as a magazine.

Hi I’m Bautista Milberg, I’m going talk about Space. Space is super giant, so it is very difficult to talk about a specific thing in particular. Space is organized in different ways. The easiest way to organize information about Space is to think from the broadest to the smaller parts of the Universe. So, the first thing we think about is the Universe. Then we have many Galaxies. Within them, our own galaxy, The Milky Way. In it, the Solar System. In the Solar System we have different planets and within them, our own planet, the Earth. I’m going to talk about the creation of Space and curious facts about Space.

Today I am going to talk about a very interesting theory called the Wormhole Theory. In my opinion, it is the most interesting theory there is. Let's talk about that.

You may be wondering what wormholes are. Well the wormhole theory says that a theoretical passage through space-time could create shortcuts for long journeys across the universe. They are basically portals. Wormholes are predicted by the theory of general relativity. But wormholes also could bring with them the dangers of sudden collapse and transforming into black holes.

The first theory is called Einstein Rosen bridges. It says that if you go into a black hole you will come out of a white hole but gravity has cut the link in between black holes and white holes forming a singularity and converting them into black holes ,so this wouldn’t work for us.The next theory is string theory wormholes. This theory says that milliseconds after the big bang a lot of wormholes were created with cosmic strings passing through them.These strings would keep the wormhole open. The last option is Man Made wormholes. this theory may be the only viable option, but it is the most difficult one.By deciding to make wormholes ourselves we run the huge risk of our wormhole becoming unstable, and collapsing into a black hole. Also it must not have any event horizons that would block two way travel. it should be sufficiently big so the wormhole doesn’t kill you. The biggest problem yet is to keep our wormholes open. That is where exotic matter comes in. We have a contestant for exotic matter, the vacuum of space itself. Quantum fluxuations in space are constantly creating particles and antiparticles only for them to be annihilated an instant later and we can already manipulate them to give a similar effect to exotic matter.

➊ Introduction ➋different wormhole theories ➌ Nunc non ultrices ➍ Turpis ➎ Viverra neque ➏ Blandit nunc ➐ Quisque non maurisa ➑ Risus

Mercury is the first planet in our solar system. From the surface of Mercury, the Sun would appear more than three times as large as it does when viewed from Earth, and the sunlight would be as much as seven times brighter. Mercury is not the hottest planet in our solar system even being the nearest.

Venus is a rocky planet, without satellites and without rings. It is an extreme planet, hot, dry and with a surface pressure 90 times higher than the earth's. It is in fact the hottest planet of all and it isn't closer to the Sun than Mercury, and although its dimensions are very similar to those of Earth, its atmosphere and composition make life highly unlikely.

Our planet is unique for many reasons, but its available water and oxygen are two defining features. Water covers roughly 71 percent of Earth's surface, with most of that water located in our planet's oceans. About a fifth of Earth's atmosphere consists of oxygen, produced by plants

Jupiter is the largest planet in our solar system. It is similar to a star, but it never became massive enough to start burning. It is covered in streaks of swirling clouds. It has strong storms like the Great Red Spot, which has lasted for hundreds of years. Jupiter is a giant made of gas, and it doesn't have a solid surface, but it can have a solid inner core about the size of Earth. Jupiter also has rings, but they are too little to be seen very well.

Mars is the fourth planet from the Solar System, a dusty, cold, desert world with a very thin atmosphere. Mars is also a dynamic planet with seasons, polar ice caps, canyons, extinct volcanoes, and evidence that it was even more active in the past. It’s also one of the few planets where we could live and send robots to.

Saturn is the sixth planet from the sun and the second largest planet in the solar system. It is the farthest planet from Earth that is visible to the naked human eye, but the planet's most outstanding features and its rings&nbsp;are better viewed through a telescope. Although the other gas giants in the solar system&nbsp;Jupiter, Uranus and Neptune&nbsp;also have rings, Saturn's rings are particularly prominent, earning it the nickname the Ringed Planet.

This requires a large amount of fuel to generate power. To reach the moon and other planets, the spacecraft needs to travel at a speed of 40,000 km/h. (FIGURE 12).

Figure 12: NASA Unveils New Giant Rocket for Deep Space Missions. released on September 15th 2021.

After re-entering the Earth’s atmosphere, the spacecraft deployed its two drogue and four main parachutes in preparation for the soft water landing (14) (FIGURE 14).

Figure 14: SpaceX Crew Dragon Returns from Space Station on Demo-1 Mission. Image from NASA video released on September 15th 2021.

Space x projects and the possibility of visiting outer space

Inspiration4 astronauts were safe and welcomed home by the SpaceX team and quickly brought on board the recovery vessel. SpaceX transported the aircraft back for inspections ahead of future human spaceflight missions. This company will allow thousands of civilians in the near future to experience travelling to outer space and who knows… maybe other galaxies!

Spacex is a company that designs, manufactures and launches advanced rockets and spacecrafts to space. The company was founded in 2002 to revolutionize space technology, by Elon Musk (13). SpaceX also offers commercial flights to both Earth and Lunar orbits. A couple of days ago,September 18th 2021, after three days orbiting Earth, Dragon, the space ship and the Inspiration 4&nbsp;crew (14) (FIGURE 13) – the world’s first civilian mission to orbit – safely touched down off the coast of Florida at 7:06 p.m. EDT on Saturday, September 18, 2021, completing their first multi-day low Earth orbit mission.

Closing remarks:

Figure 13: SpaceX Crew Dragon Returns from Space Station on Demo-1 Mission. Images from NASA video released on September 15th 2021.

It is still hard to imagine the immensity of the universe and how atypical it is compared to what we know, our planet Earth and our galaxy. But the hopes that technology will allow us to keep on exploring it, is fascinating. Resources are limitless, but what we are still lacking is enough knowledge. What seems amazing is how we know about an environment that is so far away and so different from anything we are used to. We, our world, our environment, is creating knowledge. Our amazing brains are capable of processing and creating machinery that will allow us to comprehend space in limitless ways in a not-so-distant future.&nbsp;

Minerals are important for your body, to stay healthy. Your body uses minerals for many different tasks, including keeping your bones, muscles, heart, and brain working properly. Minerals are also important for making enzymes and hormones.

Animals and plants need minerals to live. For example, humans need mineral calcium to develop healthy bones and teeth. Animals, including humans, get minerals from plants or from the milk, eggs, and meat of plant-eating animals. Most plants get the minerals they need from soil. People also use minerals to make buildings, machines, tools, cleaning products, jewelry, and many other items. Digging useful minerals out of the ground is called mining.

Hi I am Jack Thompson I am 12 years old and I will talk about wormholes. I chose wormholes because the concept of wormholes fascinates me.  Imagine being able to travel from your home to Japan instantly or even to other galaxies just in an instant. This would allow humanity to become interstellar species, changing who we are as a species. If you want to learn more about wormholes skip to my page . I will see you there

Rocks and minerals can be picked up almost anywhere: quarries and mines, road cuts, building excavations, beaches, streambeds, rock outcroppings, and exposed cliffs. Most rockhounds specialize, rather than try to collect all of the known minerals. Colorful and beautifully shaped crystals are prized by all collectors. Petrified wood and fossils are interesting specialties. Collections of semiprecious stones such as agates, zircons, garnets, and amethysts may lead to gem cutting and jewelry making. This offshoot of mineral collecting has become a major hobby in itself.

Some common characteristics of minerals include: All minerals will be solids at normal temperatures on Earth. Naturally occurring Minerals occur in nature. Solids that are made in a chemistry lab don't count as minerals. Inorganic Minerals don't come from plants, animals, or other living organisms.&nbsp; Fixed chemical structure: Specific minerals will always have the same chemical formula. They will have the same combination of elements. Minerals also generally are formed with a crystal structure.

This is an imaginary interview with a made up character called Phillip Lunchbox.

INTRODUCTION &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Good morning everyone! I’m Francisco Trillo and here we are in the program “EXHIBITION”!! If you don't know what Exhibition is, don't worry because I'm going to explain it to you!&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; So, Exhibition is a program where children in Year 6 (like me) choose a topic they would like to inquire about and through questions they produce a final product to expose what they have learnt. The topic I chose is Space.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Now,&nbsp; we are ready to introduce our special guest called PHILIP LUNCHBOX! Philip is a specialist in space and he is one of the best scientists in the world. He knows a lot about wormholes, black holes, galaxies, stars, etc. So I am going to ask him some questions about Space. Now lets begin!

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F: Okay, keep going P: Some people made fun of me because of my last name, but I didn’t let that distract me. Then, when I finished high school I went to Yale to become an astronomer. When I finished university I became a scientist and won a Nobel prize for discovering that stars at the center of our galaxy are hurtling through space around a supermassive black hole. F: Wow, really impressive! Nice story! P: Thanks F: Well now I’m going to ask you some questions and I would like you to answer them, okay? P: Yes Wait how many questions? F: Nine P: Ok thanks.

INTERVIEW F: Hi Philip, how are you? P: Fine thank you F: Well tell me about you. P: Okay. I’m 28 years old, I live in a house in Olivos and I have a cat called Michi. F: And when did you start being interested in space? P: When I was 9 and a half years old I studied the solar system at school for the first time. My teacher, whose name I think was Chris (I really don’t remember for sure) made us make a presentation about the solar system and we had to investigate a lot. That's where my interest in space began.

Minerals can be found throughout the world in the earth's crust but usually in such small amounts that they are not worth extracting. Only with the help of certain geological processes minerals are concentrated into economically viable deposits. Mineral deposits can only be extracted where they are found. Mineral deposits come in many shapes and sizes depending on where and how the mineral was concentrated. Minerals are concentrated by igneous, sedimentary and metamorphic processes.

<a href="https://geologyglasgow.org.uk/local-rocks/the-rock-cycle/">https://geologyglasgow.org.uk/local-rocks/the-rock-cycle/</a> <a href="https://www.geolsoc.org.uk/~/media/shared/documents/education%20and%20careers/Resources/FactSheets/Rock%20cycle%20factsheet%20draft%20KS2%20v2/Rock%20cycle%20factsheet%20FINAL.pdf?la=en">The rock cycle</a> <a href="https://phys.org/news/2015-09-asteroids_1.html">https://phys.org/news/2015-09-asteroids_1.html</a> <a href="https://spaceplace.nasa.gov/asteroid/en/">https://spaceplace.nasa.gov/asteroid/en/</a> <a href="https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/what-is-the-environmental-impact-of-the-mining-industry.html">https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/what-is-the-environmental-impact-of-the-mining-industry.html</a> <a href="https://pubs.usgs.gov/gip/collect1/collectgip.html%5C">https://pubs.usgs.gov/gip/collect1/collectgip.html\</a> <a href="https://byjus.com/chemistry/uses-of-minerals/">https://byjus.com/chemistry/uses-of-minerals/</a> <a href="https://www2.bgs.ac.uk/mineralsuk/mineralsyou/whydo.html">https://www2.bgs.ac.uk/mineralsuk/mineralsyou/whydo.html</a> <a href="https://www.minerals.net/resource/finding_minerals.aspx%5C">https://www.minerals.net/resource/finding_minerals.aspx\</a> <a href="https://www.usgs.gov/faqs/how-do-we-extract-minerals?qt-news_science_products=0#qt-news_science_products">https://www.usgs.gov/faqs/how-do-we-extract-minerals?qt-news_science_products=0#qt-news_science_products</a>

F: Okay, first question; Do parallel universes exist? P: Well, Scientists like the idea of parallel universes to exist, but it isn’t really proved that they do. Some people say that the universe is infinite and there is nothing else, and some say that the diameter of the universe could be 7 billion light-years across and when the universe finishes there are other parallel universes. But I think that the universe is infinite and parallel universes don't exist. F: Second question, how many galaxies are there in the universe? P: There are approximately….. two trillion galaxies in the universe. F: Thats a lot of galaxies P: Yes F: Okay third question, what is the average temperature of the planets (except the earth) of the solar system? P: Each planet has its own average temperature. The average temperature of the planets in the solar system are: Mercury: 178ºC. Venus: 462ºC. Mars: -62ºC. Jupiter: -150ºC. Saturn: -176ºC. Uranus: -213ºC. Neptune: -225ºC F: You know a lot! P: Yeah I spent almost all my life studying about this. F: You really like space. Okay fourth question, In the future are we going to be able to live on another planet? P: Okay, in my opinion in the future we are going to be able to live on another planet because technology improves very fast and this will allow us to find the perfect conditions to do so.

The planet I think we are going to live in the future is Mars because it is the only planet in the solar system that is really similar to the earth. F: I have the same opinion. Fifth question, what is going to happen with the star Betelgeuse?

P: The star Betelgeuse is a supernova that is approximately 1.000 times bigger than the sun. It is 650 light-years away from the earth, and it is in the constellation “Orion”. Scientists say that Betelgues is going to explode in 2022 but it probably won’t affect the earth because of the distance between the earth and Betelgeuse. There is a really high chance that after the star explodes it is going to turn into a black hole. F: Wow, that's a lot of information. Do you think that the explosion will affect Neptune? P: I don’t think so, maybe it does . F: Okay. Sixth question, What are wormholes? P: Wormholes are thought to be tunnels that are connected to a different part of space making them some kind of portal where you can travel faster than the speed of light. I love studying about wormholes, it is really interesting! F: Yes that's true Seventh question, Do wormholes really exist? P :It hasn’t been proved that wormholes exist, but there is a really high chance they do in really distant places.

PROS Travelling would be a lot faster&nbsp; Space travel would be more accessible Less fuel would be used because rockets would become obsolete Less pollution CONS It could collapse and become a black hole if it collapses into a black hole it could eat the earth and we would all die

Although wormholes would change who we are as a species, because we could become a wormhole hub and an interstellar species, in the end wormholes are only physics equations and theoretical so they only exist in our minds and on paper. I hope you learnt something new from this article.

Wormholes Explained – Breaking Spacetime

Mineralogists use certain properties to identify a mineral: color, luster, hardness, cleavage, and streak. They may also use other tests, including how the mineral reacts to electricity or magnets. Minerals come in many different colors. They also reflect light in different ways. The luster of a mineral describes how the mineral appears as it reflects light. Some minerals are transparent, or see-through. Others are iridescent, which means that their color changes as light hits them from different directions. Mineralogists describe a mineral’s hardness with the Mohs scale. The scale lists 10 typical minerals, from the softest (talc) to the hardest (diamond). A mineral can be identified by comparing its hardness to the hardness of these 10 minerals.

The cleavage of a mineral is the way it splits or breaks. Mica, for example, breaks into thin, flat sheets. Streak is the color of a mineral’s powder. Streak is produced by rubbing a piece of mineral against the surface of rough porcelain, a type of pottery.

Solar System is conformed by 8 planets, Mars, Venus, Planet Earth, Jupiter, Saturn, Neptune and Pluto

There are more stars than atoms in the universe. The Supergiant star Betelgeuse will explode in 2022. Betelgeuse is 940 times the sun in length and diameter, and its surface temperature is 3.202 ºC degrees. The biggest star in the universe is R136a1 and in that star they could fit 30.000 suns.

Constellations are the way to locate Stars, like Betelgeuse, which is in the constellation of Orion. There are so many that it would take us a lot to name them all. The constellations could be seen in an app called, Solar System Scope. The constellations are used only in our galaxy and in Andromeda's Galaxy that is called Andromeda's Constellation.

The origin of the universe and the beginning of life remains. To me and many others, it is still a mystery. I wonder&nbsp;where all the mass that originated the Big Bang or the black hole came from. Is there something greater than us behind all this? Is it here&nbsp;when we tend to go back to religion for answers?&nbsp; We will always have that path to come back to, but I am sure humans will continue to wonder and seek for answers. There is so much more yet to be seen.

<a href="https://www.monografias.com/docs/Concepci%C3%B3n-del-universo-y-la-vida-seg%C3%BAn-PKRWMCUFJ8UNZ">https://www.monografias.com/docs/Concepción-del-universo-y-la-vida-según-PKRWMCUFJ8UNZ</a> <a href="https://spaceplace.nasa.gov/menu/space/%20%20https://www.nasa.gov/audience/forstudents/k-4/stories/nasa-knows/what-is-a-black-hole-k4.html%20%20https://www.nationalgeographic.com/science/article/origins-of-the-universe%20%20https://www.nasa.gov/vision/universe/starsgalaxies/search_life_I.html%20%20https://earthsky.org/space/definition-what-is-dark-energy/%20%20https://wonderopolis.org/wonder/what-would-earth-be-like-without-the-sun%20%20https://wonderopolis.org/wonder/why-is-there-no-gravity-in-space">https://spaceplace.nasa.gov/menu/space/&nbsp;</a> <a href="https://spaceplace.nasa.gov/menu/space/%20%20https://www.nasa.gov/audience/forstudents/k-4/stories/nasa-knows/what-is-a-black-hole-k4.html%20%20https://www.nationalgeographic.com/science/article/origins-of-the-universe%20%20https://www.nasa.gov/vision/universe/starsgalaxies/search_life_I.html%20%20https://earthsky.org/space/definition-what-is-dark-energy/%20%20https://wonderopolis.org/wonder/what-would-earth-be-like-without-the-sun%20%20https://wonderopolis.org/wonder/why-is-there-no-gravity-in-space">https://www.nasa.gov/audience/forstudents/k-4/stories/nasa-knows/what-is-a-black-hole-</a> <a href="https://spaceplace.nasa.gov/menu/space/%20%20https://www.nasa.gov/audience/forstudents/k-4/stories/nasa-knows/what-is-a-black-hole-k4.html%20%20https://www.nationalgeographic.com/science/article/origins-of-the-universe%20%20https://www.nasa.gov/vision/universe/starsgalaxies/search_life_I.html%20%20https://earthsky.org/space/definition-what-is-dark-energy/%20%20https://wonderopolis.org/wonder/what-would-earth-be-like-without-the-sun%20%20https://wonderopolis.org/wonder/why-is-there-no-gravity-in-space">k4.html&nbsp;https://www.nationalgeographic.com/ science/article/origins-of-the-universe&nbsp;</a> <a href="https://spaceplace.nasa.gov/menu/space/%20%20https://www.nasa.gov/audience/forstudents/k-4/stories/nasa-knows/what-is-a-black-hole-k4.html%20%20https://www.nationalgeographic.com/science/article/origins-of-the-universe%20%20https://www.nasa.gov/vision/universe/starsgalaxies/search_life_I.html%20%20https://earthsky.org/space/definition-what-is-dark-energy/%20%20https://wonderopolis.org/wonder/what-would-earth-be-like-without-the-sun%20%20https://wonderopolis.org/wonder/why-is-there-no-gravity-in-space">https://www.nasa.gov/vision/universe/starsgalaxies/ search_life_I.html</a> <a href="https://spaceplace.nasa.gov/menu/space/%20%20https://www.nasa.gov/audience/forstudents/k-4/stories/nasa-knows/what-is-a-black-hole-k4.html%20%20https://www.nationalgeographic.com/science/article/origins-of-the-universe%20%20https://www.nasa.gov/vision/universe/starsgalaxies/search_life_I.html%20%20https://earthsky.org/space/definition-what-is-dark-energy/%20%20https://wonderopolis.org/wonder/what-would-earth-be-like-without-the-sun%20%20https://wonderopolis.org/wonder/why-is-there-no-gravity-in-space">&nbsp;https://earthsky.org/space/definition-what-is-dark-energy/</a> <a href="https://spaceplace.nasa.gov/menu/space/%20%20https://www.nasa.gov/audience/forstudents/k-4/stories/nasa-knows/what-is-a-black-hole-k4.html%20%20https://www.nationalgeographic.com/science/article/origins-of-the-universe%20%20https://www.nasa.gov/vision/universe/starsgalaxies/search_life_I.html%20%20https://earthsky.org/space/definition-what-is-dark-energy/%20%20https://wonderopolis.org/wonder/what-would-earth-be-like-without-the-sun%20%20https://wonderopolis.org/wonder/why-is-there-no-gravity-in-space">&nbsp;https://wonderopolis.org/wonder/what-would-earth-be-like-without-the-sun&nbsp;</a> <a href="https://spaceplace.nasa.gov/menu/space/%20%20https://www.nasa.gov/audience/forstudents/k-4/stories/nasa-knows/what-is-a-black-hole-k4.html%20%20https://www.nationalgeographic.com/science/article/origins-of-the-universe%20%20https://www.nasa.gov/vision/universe/starsgalaxies/search_life_I.html%20%20https://earthsky.org/space/definition-what-is-dark-energy/%20%20https://wonderopolis.org/wonder/what-would-earth-be-like-without-the-sun%20%20https://wonderopolis.org/wonder/why-is-there-no-gravity-in-space">https://wonderopolis.org/wonder/why-is-there-no-gravity-in-space&nbsp;</a> <a href="https://www.caracteristicas.co/galileo-galilei/">https://www.caracteristicas.co/galileo-galilei/</a> <a href="https://redhistoria.com/resumen-biografia-aristoteles/">Biografía de Aristóteles. ¿Quién fue y qué hizo? - Red Historia</a>

I’m Olympia Loizaga from Y6B and this is Exhibition. A project in where we students write individual pieces of writing where they reflect information of their wanted topic. Then we put it together to make an interesting magazine with games, action and more. My topic is Space. In my paper I talk about the vacuum of space, new theories, what stars are made of, new organizations and more interesting facts about space. In my conclusion I also talk about how we connect to all this knowledge to the UOI "Who we are". I am 12 years old and have enjoyed this topic during all of my life. That is why I chose this topic that I’m really curious about.

Rocks are cycled through various forms in what is called the rock cycle, a set of natural processes that form, break down, change, and reform rocks over time. Temperature, pressure, and changes in environmental conditions at and beneath Earth’s surface drive the rock cycle. As a result of the cycle, each type of rock can change into other types. The events of the rock cycle take place over a very long time span, from thousands to millions of years. Rocks can follow many paths through the rock cycle. For example, weathering and erosion at Earth’s surface can reduce existing rocks to loose particles such as sand or clay that are deposited on Earth’s surface. Over time, the particles are compacted and cemented together, forming sedimentary rocks: sand may become sandstone, and clay may become shale. With time, these rocks may become buried deep within Earth’s crust. There, intense heat and pressure may change the composition or structure of the rocks, causing formation of metamorphic rocks. Sandstone may alter to the metamorphic rock quartzite, whereas shale may transform into the metamorphic rock slate. Further increases in temperature may cause these rocks to melt and form molten rock, or magma, beneath Earth’s surface. Volcanic activity brings magma to the surface, where it may cool and form igneous rock.

The dust and gases released by the mining process are bad for the health of miners as well as the environment.

Mining is an essential and growing part of the modern industry. By some estimates, it makes up nearly 45% of the total global economy, and mineral production continues to increase as demand grows around the world. However, many mining techniques still in use can have serious impacts on both the mining site itself and the surrounding environment. Here are some general effects of mining on the environment, the impact of different mining methods, and ways in which the industry is trying to make itself more eco-friendly.

Materials left over by the mining process can easily make their way into local water systems, leading to increased acidity and heavy metal contamination that can destroy wildlife and render water undrinkable.

Find the words related to Space!

Hi I’m Bautista Milberg and I’m going to talk about space and the solar system and stars. I will mostly focus on the solar system

There are thousands of Galaxies, the one we know more about is our own, the Milky Way. Our galaxy has more than 100 catalogs. Catalogs are stars or galaxies that we know but we haven’t explored at all, they could be Galaxies, Constellations Nebulas. NASA has a satellite robot called Hubble. This satellite has spotted a lot of things that are impossible to be seen from Earth. Nevertheless, there are a lot of things that we haven’t explored from our galaxy yet that we could explore.&nbsp;

1] Where do we come from?

Humans have developed mainly two ways of explaining questions like this: Religion and Science. - Religion: Ever since the Stone Age, humans have tried to explain reality by granting everything to almighty beings making them responsible for the good, the bad, the weather, and even existence. Different cultures adored the sun, the moon, the thunder, the earth in order to have good fortune: Greeks: The Greeks believed that the gods had chosen Mount Olympus, in a region of Greece called Thessaly, as their residence. The twelve main gods, usually called Olympians, were Zeus, Hera, Hephaestus, Athena, Apollo, Artemis, Ares, Aphrodite, Hestia, Hermes, Demeter and Poseidon. Romans: During the monarchical period, its most important gods were the Triad headed by Jupiter, the most important of the pantheon, Mars, god of war and Quirinus, also a warrior god. This was later derived in the Capitoline Triad made up of Jupiter, Minerva and Juno. Incas: The main god was Viracocha, conceived as the creator of the universe and of the first generation of the Incas. Below this abstract tutelary divinity were the celestial gods, within which Inti, the Sun, was undoubtedly the most worshiped. Aztecas:The existence of the Aztecs was inseparably linked to their divinities, among which stood out Huitzilopochtli (god of war), Quetzalcóatl (the feathered serpent, a cultural hero, discoverer of corn), Tlaloc (god of rain) and Coatlicue (goddess earth, mother of Huitzilopochtli). .

Christianism, Judaism and Muslims believe in only one god, almighty creator of everything. God created the Earth and the sky. And then he created a man and a woman. I am Catholic. From the Catholic religious point of view, for instance, God created the world in seven days. He created all living creatures and then he created a man called Adam to whom he gave a partner called Eve. And we all descend from Adam and Eve. -Science: some men were not eased by the religious explanation of existence: A famous scientist called Darwin developed the theory of evolution of the species. Investigate Darwin’s theory. From there many scientists continued investigating, arriving to the conclusion that life began with a chemico-physical electrical reaction that made matter transform into tiny microscopic organisms made by only one cell. With time, these began associating themselves to form part of pluricellular&nbsp; organisms where every cell has a function forming a team. And these organisms developed and evolved into the different living creatures we know today, from virus and bacteria, insects, animals including humans beings. However, this theory is still insufficient for explaining what made this change into life possible.

The sun's gravity pulls the planet toward the sun, which changes the straight line of direction into a curve. This keeps the planet moving around the planet. So because of the gravitational pull of the sun, all the planets in this solar system move around him. That’s how our solar system works. My grandfather, a devout Catholic, always tells the story of Galileo when he made a model of the solar system in his house. Someone, marveled by it, asked him if he had done it. Galileo answered, “no, I only copied it '' and looking up to the sky, said, “it was already there” implying it was someone else’s creation. God’s perhaps? So the notion of the all included much more than the earth and the sun, gaining importance to the notion of universe. One sun and 8 planets forming a solar system.

A black hole is something in space where gravity is so strong that maybe nothing can escape from it. This happens because a lot of matter has been squeezed in a tiny space. Like when a star is dying. An interesting fact about black holes is that they are invisible to humans. This happens because light can’t get out of them. There are space telescopes with special tools to help find black holes. These tools can see how stars that are very close to these holes act differently than other stars.

4) How was all this created? How did it all begin?

We can always go back to the religious explanation that god created the sky and we will definitely come back to it in further along this piece of work. But first let's see some scientific theories about it. Georges Lemaîtredeveloped the Big Bang theory, explaining that everything, stars, plantes, etc. are the result of a huge explosion of mass creating an infinite universe in continuous expansion. Some years later the same scientist developed the reverse theory of the black hole, a spot in space that produces such gravity that it attracts everything not letting even the light go out, hence it’s name of “black” hole.

Scientists think the smallest black holes formed when the universe began. Stellar black holes are made when the center of a very big star falls in upon itself, or collapses. When this happens, it causes a supernova. A supernova is an exploding star that blasts part of the star into space. Scientists think supermassive black holes were made at the same time as the galaxy they are in.&nbsp;

Hello my name is DELFINA GARCÍA FELDMAN and today I’m going to talk about minerals. I chose&nbsp;minerals, because I thought I was going to have an interesting topic to inquire about. Inquiring about minerals will help me understand the Unit of Inquiry “Who we are”. Appreciating that human beings have explored, discovered and used different minerals throughout history will make you see that they are part of humanity. Minerals have been used as tools, weapons, jewellery, in construction, as decorations and much more, influencing human kind in its development as a species.&nbsp;

We know that Minerals make up Earth’s rocks, sands, and soils because they&nbsp; are found on Earth’s surface as well as deep underground. Minerals are inorganic substances, meaning that they do not come from an animal or a plant. Mineralogy is the science of minerals. Mineralogists, or people who study minerals, have identified hundreds of minerals. Some of the most common minerals are metals, for example, gold, silver, copper, and platinum. Diamond, quartz, sulfur, mica, talc, and salt are other well known minerals.

Figure 8: Image of an astronaut floating in space. released on September 15th 2021

There is microgravity in the space station so it is fun to watch how liquids become bubbles using surface tension forces, making liquids look like spheres (FIGURE 9).

Figure 10: Sunrise seen from International Space Station.

For the same reasons, our inner organs would explode too, no pressure would make our tissues stretch and bloat (10). But we have invented technology, to build astronaut suits, that can allow humans to survive in outer space, and support no atmospheric pressure, so your body wouldn't&nbsp; explode.

Another fun fact about The International Space is that they get to see the sunrise 17-18 times a day. It starts being completely dark and then you see a thin blue ring coming around the outer perimeter of the Earth showing how thin our atmosphere is (FIGURE 10). Other beautiful things to see are

the southern lights, the auroras. These are natural lights showing at the Earth’s poles (FIGURE 11).&nbsp;

Figure 11: Northern lights observed from outer space. released on September 15th 2021.

Views from the International Space Station.

Figure 9: Microgravity effects on liquids inside the International Space station. released on September 15th 2021.

The International Space station is in low Earth orbit, approximately 402.35 km above the Earth’s surface and it moves at a speed of 28,163 km/h (11). In this station there are hundreds of experiments going on. The research includes combustion research,

How do spacecrafts escape gravity?

exploring blowing things up in space. They also study how plants grow in low gravity known as microgravity (12).

Given the strong gravitational Earth's force, it is difficult to launch a rocket into space. To overcome the force of gravity and put the spacecraft in orbit, you must reach a speed of 28,000 km/h, called “Escape Velocity” (7).

Hi, I'm Francisco Trillo from Y6B. I'm 11 years old and I'm working in Exibhition. I have chosen to inquire about Space. I learnt about black holes, wormholes, stars, and much more!! I thought of presenting an imaginary interview to myself, where I talk about stars, galaxies, wormholes, black holes and about the importance of space and that we have to take care of it. During my learning process I learnt how to get organized, how to connect the topic with my interests and how to present the information.

Hi, I'm Francisco Trillo from Y6B and I'm working in exibhition. Exibhition is a project were people have to choose a topic (mine is space) and make and individual peace of writing; it can be an interview, an informative text, a magazine, a reflective text, etc.

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Hi, I'm Francisco Trillo from Y6B and I'm working in exibhition. Exibhition is a project were people have to choose a topic (mine is space) and make and individual peace of writing; it can be an 

Hi, I'm Francisco Trillo from Y6B. I'm 11 years old and I'm working in exibhition. Exibhition is a project were people have to choose a topic (mine is space), then the teachers gather you in groups and put you a mentor. Then you have to make an individual peace of writing; it can be an interview, an informative text, a magazine, a reflective text, etc. I did an imaginary interview with myself, were I talk about stars, galaxies, wormholes, black holes and about the importance of space and that we have to take care of it.

Possible Green Future of Mining

Hollows out land to extract raw materials. It blasts away land and strips vegetation, leaving the area vulnerable to soil erosion.&nbsp;

Companies may move in the direction of sustainability — especially as pressure from individuals and governments push them to comply with higher standards of environmental and social governance . Low-impact mining techniques are also becoming more popular For example, some mining companies are experimenting with advanced land rehabilitation schemes that can help reintroduce plant life to former sites.&nbsp;

All these different effects add up to serious on-site habitat damage. This can lead to greater habitat loss beyond the immediate location.

A Voyage to the Wonders of Space By: Olympia Loizaga

1. What is space? 2. Where does Space begin? 3. Darker than black! 4. Vacuum 5. Transmission of Heat 6. Where does space ends? 7. Thinking about life in other planets… 8. Are black holes really black? 9. What has space to do with us? What are we in the context of space? 10. Traveling to Space, a not so long near future! 11. Views from the International Space Station. 12. How do spacecrafts escape gravity? 13. Space X projects and the possibility of visiting outer space

Have you ever wondered what surrounds us? Only about 500 people have left planet Earth behind, to explore the wonders of space. This article aims to discover what life would be in space and to access the mysteries of the final frontier. What is it like to travel from our blue planet to many strange planets with poisonous atmospheres, hidden oceans and immense volcanoes? If we direct ourselves to the Milky Way, can we discover clouds, stars and galaxies of multiple colors that cover the entire universe? What are we in this immensity? Where are we in the Cosmos? What are stars made of? How big is the universe? Are we alone in the universe? How long would it take us to arrive in space? With an infinity of data and magnificent images that showcase the latest advances in astronomy and the space industry, this piece of work seeks to make you wonder and vibrate through space and light a spark on your curiosity surrounding the Universe. Anyone who has ever observed the night cycle and wondered what the universe is really like will find the answers in this piece.

We live on a small planet, the Earth. Its surface is covered with water and rock, and it is surrounded by a layer of air called the atmosphere. Space begins outside the atmosphere. Although it is a huge, silent and an empty place, it has many properties (FIGURE 1).

Figure 1: Representative image of space

CAPTION: The image below represents our solar system, where we live and explore.

Group Members - <a href="bookcreator://page/20CWqsBcTY-Juakb75ghFA/left">p.4</a> Introduction - <a href="bookcreator://page/GTi03yT5Rx-xUbsY58upEA/left">p.16</a> Who we are - <a href="bookcreator://page/GTi03yT5Rx-xUbsY58upEA/right">p.17</a> Tomas Russi, Reflective text - <a href="bookcreator://page/6-ysp0wjTUmkHmfFkfVHQA/left">p. 18</a> Francisco trillo, Interview - <a href="bookcreator://page/ZW-nVk29S5yuXAIM-QXKUQ/left">p.28</a> Bautista Milberg, Newspaper text - <a href="bookcreator://page/kpKYtsriQgWusxCZtbvabA/left">p</a><a href="bookcreator://page/Ogpm17qdSEKphxf7aQ3_aA/right">.35</a> Olympia Loizaga, Informative text - <a href="bookcreator://page/tx00vKK1RJyW6PWsBEvaFw/left">p.44</a> Jack Thomson, Informative text - <a href="bookcreator://page/dfYiX8jVTk6A57VpIasV_Q/left">p.58</a> Delfina García Feldman, Informative text - <a href="bookcreator://page/nhpm7HAHS8GOlwmZ6SGRJQ/left">p.64</a> Games -<a href="bookcreator://page/9AQE3hxsRvWq7lj7f-o-Zw/left">p.82</a> Action, Campaign - <a href="bookcreator://page/x1e7dLlKTCaLrlUa6fzS0g/left">p.88</a> Reciclar S.A. - <a href="bookcreator://page/yLFNMaXRQx2pO4-a4-H2tQ/left">p.90</a> Conclusion - <a href="bookcreator://page/0dsJYnTlSam8CfXbmH1DMw/left">p.92</a> Acknowledgements - <a href="bookcreator://page/7HrhcTr6T_KxFGqK3N6s7w/left">p.94</a>

How do we connect to all this knowledge?

It is hard to imagine that we connect to all this knowledge but we are all inside this. We are on our planet, Earth, contaminating and trying to save us from future tragedies. Earth is in the solar system inside a galaxy with many other solar systems, inside the universe with billions of galaxies and there’s even more gigantic things. We all are trying to discover and learn what is in outer space. We can also think of it as a possibility of a new habitat for humans as we are contaminating and damaging planet Earth although it’s one of our obligations to take care of it. We need to consider the possibility of living in space but meanwhile you could start to start to use the 5 Rs: refuse, reduce, reuse, repurpose and recycle to take care of planet Earth. We are being cautious and intelligent human beings, keeping in mind this option. This piece of work connects with “Who we are” since we are all humans in all of this immense space, this also makes us realize that we are roughly nothing in this nearly empty space. We are who we aim to be and not even a soul can modify that, we are a part of space. That is who we are connected to this knowledge, human beings inside this.

REFERENCES: <a href="https://scied.ucar.edu/learning-zone/atmosphere/exosphere#:~:text=The%20exosphere%20is%20the%20uppermost,into%20the%20vacuum%20of%20space.&amp;text=The%20layer%20directly%20below%20the,referred%20to%20as%20the%20exobase.">UCAR Center for Science Education</a> <a href="https://www.planetsforkids.org/why-do-stars-shine.html">Planets for Kids</a> <a href="https://www.ted.com/talks/david_deutsch_chemical_scum_that_dream_of_distant_quasars?language=en">Chemical Scum that dream of distant Quasars</a>. David Deutsch. TedGlobal 2005 <a href="https://www.livescience.com/why-is-space-a-vacuum.html">Life Sciences</a> <a href="https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/are-virtual-particles-rea/">Scientific American: Are Virtual particles constantly popping in and out?</a> <a href="https://theconversation.com/curious-kids-how-does-heat-travel-through-space-if-space-is-a-vacuum-111889">Curious Kids: how does heat travel through space if space is a&nbsp;vacuum?</a> Space: A visual Encyclopedia. ISBN 9780756662776 <a href="https://astronomy.com/news/2021/06/curious-kids-does-outer-space-end--or-go-on-forever">Curious Kids: Does outer space end — or go on forever?,</a> Astronomy Magazine, By&nbsp;Jack Singal,|Published: Monday, June 21, 2021 <a href="https://www.seas.harvard.edu/news/2019/09/goldilocks-zone-planet-size">A goldilocks zone for planet size</a>. By&nbsp;<a href="https://www.seas.harvard.edu/news?search=%22Leah%20Burrows%22">Leah Burrows</a>&nbsp;| Published on September 10th, 2019. Harvard School of Engineering. <a href="https://sitn.hms.harvard.edu/flash/2013/space-human-body/">The human body in space: distinguishing fact from fiction</a>. Harvard University, Published July 30th, 2013 <a href="https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/station/main/index.html">International Space Station. NASA</a> <a href="https://www.nasa.gov/audience/forstudents/5-8/features/nasa-knows/what-is-microgravity-58.html">What is Microgravity?,</a> Published February 15th, 2012, NASA <a href="https://www.spacex.com/">SpaceX</a> <a href="https://www.spacex.com/vehicles/dragon/">Space X-Dragon- Inspiration 4</a> <a href="https://www.google.com.ar/url?sa=t&amp;rct=j&amp;q=&amp;esrc=s&amp;source=web&amp;cd=&amp;ved=2ahUKEwjYmYDB5qHzAhX6q5UCHVCtDmAQwqsBegQIAxAB&amp;url=https%3A%2F%2Ftrakt.tv%2Fshows%2Fbrainchild%2Fseasons%2F1%2Fepisodes%2F5&amp;usg=AOvVaw0yl0a5KjmrnU3N29NykhUa">Brainchild Space</a> <a href="https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/singularities-can-exist-">Singularities</a> <a href="https://www.quantamagazine.org/where-gravity-is-weak-and-naked-singularities-are-verboten-20170620/">Gravity</a> El gran libro del ESPACIO, book Observa el cielo nocturno, book <a href="https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/solar-system/sun/in-depth/">About the sun</a> <a href="https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/solar-system/our-solar-system/overview/">Solar system</a> <a href="https://youtu.be/e-P5IFTqB98">https://youtu.be/e-P5IFTqB98</a> <a href="https://imagine.gsfc.nasa.gov/science/objects/stars1.html">Stars</a> SolarSystemScope app Cosmos, book&nbsp;

<a href="https://spaceplace.nasa.gov/nebula/en/">Planetary Nebula</a> <a href="https://youtu.be/bSkPNMjRRio">https://youtu.be/bSkPNMjRRio</a> <a href="https://www.theguardian.com/science/2015/mar/05/nasa-finds-evidence-of-a-vast-ancient-ocean-on-mars">NASA Vast Anciant Ocean On Mars</a> <a href="https://imagine.gsfc.nasa.gov/science/objects/milkyway1.html">NASA Our Galaxy, The Milky Way</a> Epic! SPACE by: Kay Robertson <a href="https://www.circlewaste.co.uk/2020/09/16/what-are-the-5-rs-of-waste-management/">Rule of 5rs</a> This link was used to show the readers we are contaminating Earth and to consider the Rule of 5rs.

Figure 4: Image of the Universe reflecting a billion stars.

Figure 5: The Goldilocks zone, considered the optimal distance to the star, where conditions allow sustainable life in a planet.

For example, in our solar system, the temperature on Saturn is -178 degrees Celsius. Therefore, distance from the star is the critical point to survive. However, when a planet

isn’t too close or too far away from its star, such as planet Earth, the conditions are optimal to sustain different forms of life. We call this the GoldiLocks zone (9) (FIGURE 5).

Thinking about life on other planets…

This makes us wonder that if there are tons of other stars in our galaxy, with their own planets orbiting them, can there be sustainable planets, neither too close to the star, nor too far away. This still remains elusive. Scientists estimate that there could be up to 40 billion Earth like planets in the Milky-way galaxy alone. So, it looks like it is possible to think that we could find other forms of life out there, however we still have not found proof of extraterrestrial life.

Planets that can be habited need to be at a certain distance from their star, the sun. If we are too close to the star, we would burn, water would turn to gas and we or any microorganisms or any form of life wouldn’t be able to survive in such conditions. If we think of our Solar system, this is what happens with planets such as Mercury and Venus. On the contrary, the further away a planet is from the sun, the colder it gets; therefore, we would freeze to death making life impossible.

Are black holes really black?

Black holes have a gravitational field so strong that nothing can escape it, not even light. All matter that falls in a black hole accumulates in a single point known as a Singularity (6). If two black holes were to collide, this would cause gravitational waves that would expand through the whole universe.

Reciclar Sociedad Anónima is an organization that specializes on making objects for kitchens, bathrooms and more from recycled plastic. Here at school we’re collaborating with them to make their awesome products, recycling and preventing contamination. We hope this wonderful action made by the community and us makes a change and provides another possibility for taking care of our planet.

We share some of their values: -Reliability -Communication -Quality -Leadership -Teamwork At work everyone shows this to improve as a group, exactly like us!

They recycle plastic so they are really aware of what it is and it’s properties to rehuse it: Plastics are synthetic materials obtained through polymerization reactions from petroleum derivatives. They have different properties that allow them to be molded and adapted to different shapes and applications, being a great contribution to the needs of society.

Their plastic helps in the BUILDING of rooms and they call some of their materials the “raw materials” like:

The main environmental benefits of recycling are: Environmental Protection Energy saving Saving Natural Resources Reduction of pollution and damage to ecosystems derived from the exploitation of resources Decrease in the volume of waste to be eliminated Reduction in the amount of garbage destined for landfills Reduction of greenhouse gas emissions Recycling is an issue that affects us all. The environment, natural resources and the human beings are closely related and each one can influence the other, generating changes for the entire ecosystem.

Uranus is the seventh planet from the Sun, and has the third-largest diameter in our solar system. It was the first planet found with the aid of a telescope, Uranus was discovered in 1781 by astronomer William Herschel, at that time they thought it was either a comet or a star.

I think that space is beautiful and to keep on discovering it would be a good thing for humanity. We could make great&nbsp;advances in our&nbsp;technology with the materials that we might find out there. Also, we could find&nbsp;places if Earth is destroyed. There are places&nbsp;called Golden Doritos where we could live. The Golden Doritos are planets that have the same or very similar temperature and size than Earth. They could be near or very far from us but we know that if Planet Earth is destroyed because of pollution or global warming we could live there. The Ex NASA administrator Bill Nelson talks about that in a channel CNBC that is very famous in the United States, he also talks about life in other universe or galaxies. At some point, we might have to leave Earth because of global warming, so we have to be careful not to repeat this in space. As a conclusion, we have to be responsible with Planet Earth because we are killing it with pollution.

Dark, cold, and whipped by supersonic winds, ice giant Neptune is the eighth and most distant planet in our solar system. More than 30 times as far from the Sun as Earth,&nbsp;Neptune is the only planet in our solar system that is not visible to the naked eye. In 2011 Neptune completed its first 165-year orbit since its discovery in 1846.

Solar System <a href="https://www.geoenciclopedia.com/venus/">https://www.geoenciclopedia.com/venus/</a> <a href="https://www.space.com/54-earth-history-composition-and-atmosphere.html">https://www.space.com/54-earth-history-composition-and-atmosphere.html</a> <a href="https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/planets/mars/overview/">https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/planets/mars/overview/</a> <a href="https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/">https://solarsystem.nasa.go</a>v <a href="https://spaceplace.nasa.gov/all-about-jupiter/sp/">https://spaceplace.nasa.gov/all-about-jupiter/sp/</a> <a href="https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/planets/uranus/overview/">https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/planets/uranus/</a>overview <a href="https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/planets/neptune/overview/">https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/planets/neptune/overview/</a> Space Knowing <a href="https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/star-treks-warp-drive-leads-to-new-physics/">https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/star-treks-warp-drive-leads-to-new-physics/</a> Presentations <a href="https://docs.google.com/presentation/d/13pCCRWuqVQ5F3eLdNgy6lkRoCNKUHuXvH6M1g0bRDsc/edit">https://docs.google.com/presentation/d/13pCCRWuqVQ5F3eLdNgy6lkRoCNKUHuXvH6M1g0bRDsc/edit</a> Black Holes <a href="https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/chandra/images/huge-rings-around-a-black-hole.html">https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/chandra/images/huge-rings-around-a-black-hole.html</a> <a href="https://www.nasa.gov/subject/6895/black-holes/">https://www.nasa.gov/subject/6895/black-holes/</a> <a href="https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/singularities-can-exist-outside-black-holes-in-other-universes">https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/singularities-can-exist-outside-black-holes-in-other-universes</a> <a href="https://www.quantamagazine.org/where-gravity-is-weak-and-naked-singularities-are-verboten-20170620/">https://www.quantamagazine.org/where-gravity-is-weak-and-naked-singularities-are-verboten-20170620</a> <a href="https://www.quantamagazine.org/where-gravity-is-weak-and-naked-singularities-are-verboten-20170620/">/</a>

We are all a part of space. Our connection with it is so close that we are made with the same elements as stars. We never would have imagined we had similarities with the stars. Human beings need to understand Planet Earth is part of Space. On Earth, we are polluting and disturbing the biodiversity instead of preserving it. Our group and community took action, hopefully collaborating with this situation. If pollution keeps increasing, we might need to look for the possibility of living in outer space. This idea should remain in everybody`s mind. We need to take care of our resources to prevent this from happening. It is important that everyone makes a change in their lifestyle to mend the situation and to create a sustainable planet. Pollution is damaging everything and everyone, including you. As a group we have enjoyed this process and hope you have enjoyed it too. This magazine comes to an end, but the ideas remain.

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