Endangured Creatures

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GREAT WHİTE SHARK

General Characteristics of the Great White Shark:

   The Great White Shark with the scientific name "Carcharodon Carcharias" is the largest predatory fish that still exists. Adults can reach 6.1 meters in length and weigh up to 1,905 kilograms and their average life expectancy is 70 years. The females are larger than the males.&nbsp;The Great White Shark is found in the temperate waters of the world and therefore on the Mediterranean, Aegean and Marmara sea of Turkey.

✓&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Their average length is between 5.5-6 m. Among the captured specimens, the ones with a maximum length of 11 m were recorded. ✓&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;They are mostly distributed in warm climates and semi-tropical waters. ✓&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;They mostly feed on bony fish, but also on vertebrate fish, sea turtles, seabirds, marine mammals, dolphins, seals and sea lions. They are also scavengers and garbage eaters. ✓&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The Great Whites are not born with their iconic white coloring. Great White Sharks are born a dark Brown or black color and their coloring changes as they mature. ✓&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The shark's heavy, torpedo-shaped body allows it to navigate efficiently for long periods of time and then suddenly engage in high-velocity blasts, sometimes leaping out of the water. ✓&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The world population is thought to be around 3,500, but the actual number is unknown. Since it is a dangerous species, it is difficult to examine, so its number in the world is not known clearly.

   The dodo's appearance in life is evidenced only by drawings, paintings, and written accounts from the 17th century. Since these portraits vary considerably, and since only some of the illustrations are known to have been drawn from live specimens, the dodos' exact appearance in life remains unresolved, and little is known about it's behaviour.

Why couldn't dodo birds fly?

The Bird’s Size, Appearance &amp; Behavior

Based on reconstructions of its anatomy, it becomes instantly clear that the dodo has a similarly large, plump body shape as the&nbsp;turkey&nbsp;or&nbsp;chicken. It also has long legs, curly tail feathers, bare yellow feet, strong claws, and a featherless head. The short, undeveloped wings were obviously too small to support the body in flight, but they may have been used to maintain balance at top speeds. The big hooked beak, which was gray near the face and yellow or green toward the rounded tip, may have played an important role in hunting prey or resolving conflicts with other dodos.

   The dodo bird only ever lived on Mauritius, a small island in the Indian Ocean about 500 miles from the island of Madagascar. Prior to 1598, no humans lived on the island. These flightless birds lived in forests throughout the island. It is presumed that the dodo became flightless because of the ready availability of abundant food sources and a relative absence of predators on Mauritius. Though the dodo has historically been portrayed as being fat and clumsy, it is now thought to have been well-adapted for its ecosystem.

Why did the dodo became extinct ?

   The first recorded mention of the dodo was by Dutch sailors in 1598.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Prior to human incursion on Mauritius, the dodo had no natural predators. As a result, when Dutch settlers first arrived on the island, dodos were curious and not at all afraid of them. Humans routinely killed dodos for food. Those that weren’t hunted were killed by cats, dogs and other invasive non-native species that came along on the boats with the people. These animals invaded the woods, trampling dodos’ nests and eating their eggs and young. 

   Magellanic Penguins live off the coast of South America. They are carnivores that eat fish and some crustaceans. These penguins nest in hollows and even under bushes. They are highly social animals that live in groups containing up to 400,000 penguins! The lifespan of these birds is 25 to 30 years. The scientific name of the Magellanic penguin is Spheniscus magellanicus. Magellanicus refers to the explorer Ferdinand Magellan. Ferdinand Magellan discovered these penguins while sailing near South America in 1520.

✓&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The fins and slippery feathers of the Magellanic penguin help it swim at high speed in the water. This penguin can reach speeds of up to 35 km/h in water. This level of speed helps them catch prey, including fish and some. ✓&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;This bird is a social animal that lives with hundreds of thousands of other penguins. Although these birds avoid humans, they are aggressive towards other penguins. In fact, they are known to be one of the most aggressive penguins of many species.

Physical Characteristics and Behavior

✓&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Their weight varies between 2-7 kilos and their height is between 60-67 cm. ✓&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Magellanic penguins have black feathers on their back, head and wings. They have white feathers on their underparts and two black stripes above their breasts. This appearance differs from their close relative, the endangered African penguin, which has only one black stripe on its chest. Magellanic penguins also have a white ring that extends from their chin to the top of their eyes. ✓&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The length of these birds is around 60 – 75 cm and they weigh 2 – 7 kg. Males are usually larger than females. Magellanic penguins are the largest members of the Spheniscus genus. ✓&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;In hot weather, they shed some of their feathers to cool their body temperature.

These birds are carnivores that consume krill, cuttlefish, squid, anchovies and sardines. One of the most interesting facts about their hunting is that they dive between 30-60 meters into the ocean to hunt for food. Foraging collectively is a common practice of Magellanic penguins. Another victim of global warming is Magellanic penguins. These penguins, which are especially at risk in Southern Argentina, migrate due to the decrease in fish living in the icy waters of Antarctica and the warming of ocean currents. Penguins, who have to travel hundreds of kilometers in search of new food, are eaten by other creatures during this journey. Because of this, Magellanic Penguins are endangered.

✓&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;It has long been known that the spots on the heads and noses of sharks and stingrays somehow sense electrical current and are effective in detecting prey. ✓&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Scientists working on this strange organ have discovered a kind of jelly that gets stuck inside the pores. Jelly conducts protons in a way that is not very common in nature. The most proton-conducting biological material ever found. ✓&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Named after the Italian ophthalmologist who described them in the 17th century, each ampullae consists of an open pore connected to a small sac containing electrically sensitive cells. The channel connecting the pore to the cell sac is filled with the mysterious jelly at the center of this study. The jelly is runny, clear and quite juicy. ✓&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Thanks to ampullae of Lorenzini, the Great White Shark can easily detect and catch its prey.

✓&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The upper part of the body of Great White Sharks is dark gray and the lower part is white.

✓&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The fact that they have such skin allows them to hunt in camouflage while roaming openly in the area they live in. When viewed from above, the grayish color matches the shaded water color, and when viewed from below, the white color matching the color of the water illuminated by the sun's rays upon approaching the surface, allows great whites to be successfully camouflaged. Since the light comes from above, the shadow falls on the underside of the shark, that is, where the white color is, so this camouflage remains valid even when viewed from the side. ✓ Moreover, creatures with this type of skin color are not limited to great white sharks. Penguins, sailfish, and humpback whales, for example, also camouflage themselves.

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   Komodo dragons are carnivores. Komodo dragons will eat almost anything, including carrion, deer, pigs, smaller dragons, and even large water buffalo. When hunting, Komodo dragons rely on camouflage and patience, lying in wait for passing prey.&nbsp;But they eat mostly dead animals. Komodo dragons don’t attack humans very often. Howewer, they do sometimes hurt or kill people. They are more active during the day than at night. Because they are cold-blooded.&nbsp;

   Komodo dragons are on the IUCN Red List of animals in danger. In 1980, Indonesia established Komodo National Park to protect the Komodo dragon and its habitat.

   The white-headed duck&nbsp;is&nbsp;some 45 cm long. Different populations of the white-headed duck do not display significant genetic differences. However, some studies have found that they do display morphological differences, with western populations being larger in size, having darker ventral coloration, and males having more yellow feathers on their back. Dark phase birds have only been found in the western populations.

   This 700-square-mile refuge is also home to species such as the orange-footed scrub fowl and Timor deer, as well as a rich marine environment supporting whales, dolphins, sea turtles, sharks, corals, sponges, manta rays.

   In the genus Oxyura, it is generally thought to be related most closely to Maccoa duck. Some studies

have also found that these two species form a clade with the blue-billed duck, although this is disputed and species relations between Oxyura ducks are unresolved.&nbsp;It dives under water and feeds on aquatic vegetation as well as some animal matter.

The Dutch began a colony on the island in 1644, and in less than 40 years’ time the dodo bird had been wiped off the face of the Earth. These birds probably went&nbsp;extinct&nbsp;shortly after the last sighting in 1688, about 90 years after it was first discovered. The population was likely not high, to begin with, but the onslaught of new threats eventually led to its demise.&nbsp;The dodo’s prominent role in bringing attention to the extinction of species, coupled with advances in genetics that could allow for its resurrection (de-extinction), have led scientists to consider the possibility of bringing the dodo back. Some scientists have suggested the possibility of reviving the dodo with the few fragments of DNA that still remain from the leftover soft tissue. This plan would require using a pigeon as a surrogate mother. But some scientists consider this to be impractical and unlikely to work.

KOMODO DRAGON

Common Name: Komodo Dragon Scientific Name: Varanus Komodoensis Type: Reptiles Diet: Carnivore Size: 10 Feet Weight: 330 pounds Avarage Life Span in the Wild: Up to 30 Years IUCN Red List Status: Endangered

Recognition of the dodos

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The dodo achieved widespread recognition from its role in the story of&nbsp;Alice's Adventures in Wonderland, and it has since become a fixture in popular culture, often as a&nbsp;symbol of extinction&nbsp;and&nbsp;obsolescence.

Komodo dragons are the biggest and heaviest lizards on Earth. Full-grown adults can reach 10 feet long and weigh more than 300 pounds. The Komodo dragon is a species of monitor lizard that lives in the Indonesian islands of Komodo, Rincah, Flores. Komodo dragons have thrived in the harsh climate of Indonesia’s Lesser Sunda Islands for millions of years. They prefer the islands’ tropical forests. Komodo dragons like hot and dry places. They can walk up to seven miles per day. They have long, flat heads with rounded snouts, scaly skin, bowed legs and huge tails.&nbsp;

Author: Beyza Zeynep Şmafl

Central Asia, such as in southwestern&nbsp;Turkmenia&nbsp;along the&nbsp;Atrek River&nbsp;and its tributaries, and the&nbsp;Sumbar&nbsp;and&nbsp;Chandyr Rivers; in the western and southwestern parts of&nbsp;Kopet-Dag; in the environs of&nbsp;Ashkabad&nbsp;in the northern foothills; in Afghanistan along the upper reaches of&nbsp;Hari-Rud&nbsp;at&nbsp;Herat, and along the jungles in the lower reaches of the river; around&nbsp;Tedzhen&nbsp;and&nbsp;Murgap&nbsp;and along the&nbsp;Kushka&nbsp;and Kashan rivers; in the&nbsp;Amu Darya&nbsp;basin as far the&nbsp;Aral Sea&nbsp;and along the entire coast of the Aral Sea; along the&nbsp;Syr-Darya&nbsp;to the&nbsp;Fergana Valley&nbsp;as far as&nbsp;Tashkent&nbsp;and the western spur of&nbsp;Talas Alatau; along the&nbsp;Chu&nbsp;and&nbsp;Ili Rivers; all along the southern shore of&nbsp;Lake Balkhash&nbsp;and northwards into the southern&nbsp;Altai Mountains, and to southeastern&nbsp;Transbaikal&nbsp;or&nbsp;Western Siberia&nbsp;in the east.&nbsp;In China, it occurred in the&nbsp;Tarim,&nbsp;Manasi River&nbsp;and&nbsp;Lop Nur&nbsp;basins. The demise of the Caspian tiger began with the&nbsp;Russian colonisation of Turkestan&nbsp;during the late 19th century.&nbsp;Its extirpation was cause

Why Caspian Tigers become extinct?

✓&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Tigers were killed by large parties of sportsmen and military personnel who also hunted tiger prey species such as wild pigs. The wild pig range underwent a rapid decline between the middle of the 19th century and the 1930s due to overhunting, natural disasters, and diseases such as&nbsp;swine fever&nbsp;and&nbsp;foot-and-mouth disease, which caused large and rapid die-offs. ✓&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The extensive reed beds of tiger habitat were increasingly converted to cropland for planting&nbsp;cotton&nbsp;and other crops that grew well in the rich&nbsp;silt&nbsp;along rivers. ✓&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The tiger was already&nbsp;vulnerable&nbsp;due to the restricted nature of its distribution, having been confined to watercourses within the large expanses of desert environment.

   Until the early 20th century, the regular&nbsp;Russian&nbsp;army was used to clear&nbsp;predators&nbsp;from forests, around settlements, and potential agricultural lands. Until&nbsp;World War I, about 50 tigers were killed in the forests of Amu Darya and&nbsp;Piandj Rivers&nbsp;each year. High incentives were paid for tiger skins up to 1929. Wild pigs and deer, the prey base of tigers, were decimated by deforestation and subsistence hunting by the increasing human population along the rivers, supported by growing agricultural developments.&nbsp;By 1910, cotton plants were estimated to occupy nearly one-fifth of Turkestan's&nbsp;arable land, with about one half located in the&nbsp;Fergana Valley.

Author: Ömer Faruk Şmafl

   Because of its ability to hide, the leopard is more difficult to find than a lion or cheetah. Leopards adapt very well to their habitat. It prefers to hunt at night, as it senses danger during the day. They prefer to sleep on a branch of dense grass or a tree during the heat of the day. Therefore, they are active in the early morning or evening hours. He prefers not to be seen by people. They are very adept at climbing trees. Because it is very strong for its size, it can even take heavy prey such as deer and pigs into a tree. His voice is like a loud growl, a squeaky roar. Some do not always live with the same spouse, and some live with the same spouse.

They can live in forests, scrub, heath, semi desert or rocky mountain slopes, from the hot steppes of Africa to the rainforests of the Indian and Malaysian peninsula and the cold snow-capped highlands of China. While black individuals are not found in Africa, they can be found in populations living in the forest areas of India and the Far East.

The striped hyena (Hyaena hyaena) or Andık is a hyena species belonging to the hyenas (Hyaenidae) family, which is smaller than the other members of the family. Unlike other hyena species found only in Africa, this species has been proven to live in Asia and even in Turkey. The striped hyena has a more graceful body structure than other hyenas (eg, the spotted hyena). Their bodies can reach over 110 cm in length and 40-50 kg in weight - their tails average 45 centimeters. He can plant hairs growing in a row on his back to scare them away; so it looks bigger than it actually is. It is gray in color and has distinct black stripes all over its body.

Sometimes, when all de Bamboos in the panda's area dies of natural causes, the pandas starve because they can't find other areas where the bamboos can grow and thrive. Chinese government officials and scientists continue to work and produce ideas so that pandas can continue to live. Pandas are somewhat shy creatures, they do not want to go into areas where people are. This limits their living space considerably. Unfortunately, panda habitat continues to shrink as humans continue to settle higher in the mountains. World Pandas Day event for endangered pandas is held on February 12.

Brief İnformation with Boğaç Yafl

Black-Footed Ferret: 1000 The black-footed weasel is an endangered species. Today they are only found in the USA. They are extinct in Canada. The last known ferrets were taken in captivity in the 1980s and have not been released back into their natural habitats. They now reproduce successfully in the wild as well. Black-footed ferrets are 45 cm long with their tail and weigh 1 kg. Like many other marten, they have slender bodies and short legs. Their upper parts are white, their underparts are yellowish brown, and their feet and face are black.

During the summer, narwhals eat mostly Arctic cod and Greenland halibut, with other fish such as polar cod making up the remainder of their diet.

   The narwhal, also known as a narwhale, is a medium-sized toothed whale that possesses a large "tusk" from a protruding canine tooth. It lives year-round in the Arctic waters around Greenland, Canada, and Russia.

The narwhal males are distinguished by a long, straight, helical tusk, which is an elongated upper left canine. For both sexes, excluding the male's tusk, the total body size can range from 3.95 to 5.5 m (13 to 18 ft); the males are slightly larger than the females. The average weight of an adult narwhal is 800 to 1,600 kg (1,760 to 3,530 lb). At around 11 to 13 years old, the males become sexually mature; females become sexually mature at about 5 to 8 years old. Narwhals do not have a dorsal fin and their neck vertebrae are jointed like those of most other mammals, not fused as in dolphins and most whales.

Each year, they migrate from bays into the ocean as summer comes. In the winter, the male narwhals occasionally dive up to 1,500 m (4,920 ft) in depth, with dives lasting up to 25 minutes.

   Found primarily in Canadian Arctic and Greenlandic and Russian waters, the narwhal is a uniquely specialised Arctic predator. In winter, it feeds on benthic prey, mostly flatfish, under dense pack ice.

   Narwhals, like most toothed whales, communicate with "clicks", "whistles" and "knocks". Narwhals can live up to 50 years and are often killed by suffocation after being trapped due to the formation of sea ice. Other causes of death, specifically among young whales, are starvation and predation by orcas. As previous estimates of the world narwhal population were below 50,000, narwhals are categorised by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) as "nearly threatened". More recent estimates list higher populations (upwards of 170,000), thus lowering the status to "least concern". Narwhals have been harvested for hundreds of years by Inuit people in northern Canada and Greenland for meat and ivory and a regulated subsistence hunt continues.

Author: Ömer Faruk Şmafl

EUROPEAN FALLOW DEER

   Fallow deer&nbsp;biodiversity is one of the most important mammalian herbivorous species in Turkey . Anatolia has a value in history and transportation . Antalya Düzlerçamı Wildlife Development Area, which is the only region where fallow deer live naturally in Turkey, is also the gene center of the species. It is tightly packed with its habitats within the principles of BERN and Biological Diversity conventions and is like a very important mammal-game animal.

   It is known that in the 15th century, the Knights of Rhodes from Anatolia took the fallow deer they had captured from Anatolia and took them to the Greek island of Rhodes. These animals, which were raised as park animals here, later spread to European countries such as England, Germany, Netherlands, America, Canada, Argentina and New Zealand. The equal distribution of this value is 500k. It is reported that it spreads in Kocaeli Peninsula, Keşan-Enez, Kazdağı skirts, Bandırma mountains and Rubaruh region of Şemdinli on a global scale in Turkey.&nbsp;According to Prof. Dr. Lehman, it was close to Lake Van 50-60 years ago. Today, Masseti and Mertzanidou, (2008), the last fallow deer population distribution region, Turkey and the place where Antalya Düzlerça National Park is located naturally appear before us. Also, the red Least Concern (LC) in Turkey is a global indicator of endangered (NT) in Turkey due to its wide distribution and population duration. , 2013; IUCN, 2018). This is indicative of future lifesaving and ancillary use.

Characteristics of Polar Bears:

✓&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;It is not stocky like other bears, and its head and body are elongated. ✓&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Since there are leather cushions and feathers under the soles of the feet, they can easily move on the ice without slipping. ✓&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;They are very good swimmers, it is common for them to swim 20-30 km off the coast. ✓&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;They can run at a speed of 35 40 kilometers. ✓&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Polar bears do not hibernate. ✓&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Only the nose and breath of a polar bear are visible in infrared. ✓&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;They can cope with 45°C cold. ✓&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;They can smell a seal hiding in the snow 2 km away.

   February 27 is "Polar Bears Day"; It is an opportunity for humanity to remember these magnificent creatures under threat and take action to save them. Because the ice floes that polar bears use for hunting, feeding and resting are melting at an alarming rate due to climate change. Experts warn that polar bears in the Arctic could become extinct within 100 years. Greenpeace is fighting for our future with the "Protect the North Pole" campaign, which it started for the future of our world and polar bears.

Javan Rhino : 60 In the past, the Javanese rhino lived in an area from the west of Java Island to the south of China. Today, it lives only in the Ujung Kulon National Park on the island of Java. According to popular belief in Chinese medicine, rhino horns were believed to have healing powers. However, rhino horn has no known effect. This belief has led to the hunting of these already endangered creatures, putting their populations in serious danger. It is estimated that between the last 58 and 68 figures remain in Ujung Kulon National Park in Indonesia today.

Golden Head Langur: 70 The white-headed langur or Delacour langur (Trachypithecus delacouri) is a species of monkey native to Vietnam. It is one of 25 primate species in the world that is seriously threatened. It is named after the French-American ornithologist Jean Théodore Delacour.

Giant Mekong Catfish: 200 It has a large flat head, a wide muzzle, two long antennae hanging from its upper lip, a dorsal-fin that extends to its tail, and a small dorsal fin located near its head. Despite its size, the Mekong giant catfish has no teeth and feeds only on plant foods.

Where did Caspian Tigers Live?

General Characteristics of Caspian Tiger:

Caspian tigers are native to Eastern Turkey, Northern Iran Mesopotamia, the&nbsp;Caucasus&nbsp;around the&nbsp;Caspian Sea,&nbsp;Central Asia&nbsp;to northern&nbsp;Afghanistan, and the&nbsp;Xinjiang&nbsp;region in western&nbsp;China.&nbsp;Until the Middle Ages, they were also living in&nbsp;Ukraine&nbsp;and southern&nbsp;Russia.Caspian tigers regarded as a distinct subspecies and assessed as extinct in 2003. Results of a&nbsp;phylogeographic&nbsp;analysis evinces that the Caspian and&nbsp;Siberian tiger&nbsp;populations shared a common continuous geographic distribution until the early 19th century. They were also called Balkhash tiger, Hyrcanian tiger, Turanian tiger and Mazandaran tiger. The colour of its stripes was a mixture of brown and cinnamon shades. Pure black patterns were always found only on head, neck, the middle of the back and at the tip of the tail. Male Caspian tigers had a body length of 270–295&nbsp;cm and weighed 170–240&nbsp;kg and females had a body lenght of 240–260&nbsp;cm and weighed 85–135&nbsp;kg. No information is available for home ranges of Caspian tigers. Wild pigs&nbsp;and&nbsp;cervids&nbsp;probably formed their main prey base. In many regions of Central Asia,&nbsp;bactrian deer&nbsp;and&nbsp;roe deer&nbsp;were important prey species Caspian red deer, Eurasian golden jackals, jungle cats, locusts, saigas and wild horses.

   The&nbsp;Eastern Anatolia Region, which is considered to have been the most area where tigers occurred.&nbsp;Records are known from the region of Mount Ağrı,&nbsp;Şanlıurfa,&nbsp;Şırnak,&nbsp;Siirt&nbsp;and&nbsp;Hakkâri Provinces&nbsp;in eastern Turkey; in the Hakkari Province tigers possibly occurred up to the 1990s.&nbsp;The only confirmed record in&nbsp;Iraq&nbsp;dates to 1887 when a tiger was shot near&nbsp;Mosul, which is considered to have been a migrant from southeastern Turkey.&nbsp;There are also claims of historical tiger presence in the area of the&nbsp;Tigris–Euphrates river system&nbsp;in Iraq and&nbsp;Syria. the extreme southeast of the Caucasus, such as in hilly and lowland forests of the&nbsp;Talysh Mountains, in the&nbsp;Lenkoran Lowlands, in the lowland forests of&nbsp;Prishib, from where tigers moved into the eastern plains of the&nbsp;Trans-Caucasus&nbsp;up to the&nbsp;Don River basin; the&nbsp;Armenian&nbsp;and&nbsp;Zangezur Mountains&nbsp;of northwestern Persia.&nbsp;In Iran, historical records are known only from along the southern coast of the Caspian Sea and adjacent&nbsp;Alborz Mountains.

crustaceans and aquatic creatures (especially jellyfish).

The common sea turtle (Caretta caretta) is a turtle species living in the seas. It never comes ashore except to lay eggs. The back is reddish brown, the underside is whitish light yellow. Its legs are paddle shaped for swimming and have a maximum of 2 claws on the outer edges. The males are distinguished from the females by their longer and backward curved claws and long tails. Although it takes oxygen from the air, it can stay underwater for a long time. They bury their eggs in pits they dig on beaches at night. It can lay up to 100 eggs at a time (up to 162 have been identified). After the incubation period of 2 months, the fry hatch at night and go to the sea.

They are thought to have been on Earth for about 106 million years. Due to the settlement and reproduction capacity of human beings and due to light pollution, their numbers are decreasing day by day. It is under protection as it is in danger of extinction.

   It has spread to the Mediterranean coast. The most important spawning area is the Yumurtalık district of Adana and the coasts

of Belek, Anamur, Köyceğiz and Dalyan. The coast of Belek is the second largest spawning area of Caretta carettas in the Mediterranean (after Zakynthos island in Greece) and Turkey's largest. In 2006, around 1000 nests in Belek and 1040 nests in Anamur in 2007 were identified and taken under protection. The park can grow up to 1 meter in length. It feeds on fish, 

Why Is the Great White Shark Extinct?

✓&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The main reason for this is that Great white sharks are hunted by humans. Great white is also killed when they accidentally get caught in fishing nets. Habitat destruction is also a major threat to Great white sharks. ✓&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Great white sharks are often caught and killed as bycatch, meaning they are not the target of the fisherman but are caught unintentionally. These predatory sharks are also hunted for their meat, skin, and fins. ✓&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Great white sharks are considered an endangered species due to various threats, including pollution. Pollution can have a devastating impact on sharks and other marine life. Toxic runoff from factories and farms can contaminate water supplies, making it difficult for sharks and other marine life to survive. ✓&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;One of the biggest dangers that&nbsp;climate change&nbsp;poses to great white species of shark is the potential for their habitats to shrink. These predatory sharks rely on a few specific areas along the coast to give birth and raise their young, but as global temperatures rise and ocean conditions change, those areas could become unsuitable. As a result, fewer sharks would be born, leading to a population decline. ✓ White sharks are a vulnerable species that need to continue under protection. While many countries have banned white shark fishing, others continue to harvest them from the oceans. If we don’t do more to change human behaviour, this species could be at risk of extinction within a century.

Polar bear (Ursus maritimus), also white bear, or manatee, is a bear species from the bear family (Ursidae) that lives on the snowy beaches and glaciers of the cold north polar region. It is the largest living land carnivore (the brown bear is larger, but is considered an omnivore, not a Carnivore) and is a super predator in its environment. It has adapted very well to its environment. Its thick fur protects it from the cold, its white appearance hides it from their prey. The-polar bear hunts comfortably both on land and in the sea, on ice and in water. It feeds mostly on fish and seals. When it is hungry, it mounts on floating pieces of ice and travels many kilometers away in search of food. It lurks in the breathing holes of the seals'ice

Author: Efe Furkan Şmafl

The leopard (Panthera pardus), also known as the leopard, is one of the 4 big cat species of the Panthera genus from the feline family (Felidae). It was previously thought to be a hybrid of the leopard, lion, and panther. The name Leopard was formed by combining the Latin words Leo (lion) and Pard, which means panther. Early naturalists distinguished leopards and panthers not by color, but by tail length, taking into account the longer tail of the panther.

   The leopard is the fourth largest (after the tiger, lion and jaguar) of the big cats such as the lion, tiger and jaguar. Although the

length of the male leopard varies according to the region it lives in, it can be up to 2.40 meters, including the tail, which is 90 centimeters on average. Its weight can reach 90 kilos. Males can be 20%-40% larger than females. It has shorter legs compared to its long body compared to other big cats. Of the big cats, it is the best tree-climbing species. It has pointed and sharp claws on its wide claws, short and rounded ears, and a strikingly shiny short-haired coat. Although the coat color and feather length vary according to the habitat, it can vary from bright yellowish brown to dark yellowish rust color. It has black spots on it.

Many people confuse the leopard with the jaguar. Unlike the jaguar, there is no blackness in the spots. The jaw and head structures are also smaller than the jaguar. They have a necklace like line of black dots under their throats. The undersides are white. They have tails about two-thirds of their body. The black spots on their pelts allow them to approach their prey without being detected by camouflaging them more easily among the leaves. The spots on its pelt differ in each individual, just like people's fingerprints. Melanistic black colored ones are also found in leopards. Black colored ones are also called panthers. Although scientists initially defined the black leopard as a different species, they later decided that it was not a different species. When looking at the skins of black leopards, spots can be seen, albeit indistinctly. One of the sibling puppies may be of normal color, while the other may be black. Ho is cautious and cautious. Their senses are very strong. In addition to these features, they sometimes lose their prey to hyenas.

Of the many different&nbsp;Psittacidae&nbsp;(true parrots)&nbsp;genera, six are classified as macaws:&nbsp;Ara,&nbsp;Anodorhynchus,&nbsp;Cyanopsitta,&nbsp; Primolius,&nbsp;Orthopsittaca, and&nbsp;Diopsittaca. Previously, the members of the genus&nbsp;Primolius&nbsp;were placed in&nbsp;Propyrrhura, but the former is correct in accordance with&nbsp;ICZN&nbsp;rules.&nbsp;In addition, the related macaw-like&nbsp;thick-billed parrot&nbsp;is sometimes referred to as a "macaw", although it is not phylogenetically considered to be a macaw species. Macaws are native to&nbsp;Central America&nbsp;and&nbsp;North America&nbsp;(only&nbsp;Mexico),&nbsp;South America, and formerly the&nbsp;Caribbean. Most species are associated with forests, especially&nbsp;rainforests, but others prefer woodland or savannah-like habitats.

   Proportionately larger beaks, long tails, and relatively bare, light-coloured medial (facial patch) areas distinguish macaws from other parrots. Sometimes the facial patch is smaller in some species and limited to a yellow patch around the eyes and a second patch near the base of the beak in the members of the genus&nbsp;Anodorhynchus. A macaw's facial feather pattern is as unique as a fingerprint.

The largest macaws are the&nbsp;hyacinth,&nbsp;Buffon's (great green)&nbsp;and&nbsp;green-winged&nbsp;macaws. While still relatively large parrots,&nbsp;mini-macaws&nbsp;of the genera&nbsp;Cyanopsitta,&nbsp;Orthopsittaca&nbsp;and&nbsp;Primolius&nbsp;are significantly smaller than the members of&nbsp;Anodorhynchus&nbsp;and&nbsp;Ara. The smallest member of the family, the red-shouldered macaw, is no larger than some parakeets of the genus&nbsp;Aratinga. Macaws, like other&nbsp;parrots,&nbsp;toucans&nbsp;and&nbsp;woodpeckers, are&nbsp;zygodactyl, having their first and fourth toes pointing backward. Many macaws have vibrant plumage. The coloring is suited to life in Central and South American rain forests, with their green canopies and colorful fruits and flowers. The birds boast large, powerful beaks that easily crack nuts and seeds, while their dry, scaly tongues have a bone inside them that makes them an effective tool for tapping into fruits.

Lynx is the common name of medium-sized camivorous vertebrate and wild animal species that make up the Lynx genus from the feline family (Felidae). Although they look like a cat, they are 5-6 times 

heavier than the normal cat weight. The weight of lynxes is between 18-25 kg. Their ears are longer and hairy at the tips compared to the normal cat. When winter comes, not only the hair on the ears, but also the whole body is covered with a thick layer of hair. The width of their paws makes it easier for them to walk on snow. African lynx is Africa's fastest and most dangerous animal relative to its body. For example, it has the ability to pounce on an antelope's neck and pull it to the ground. Although they may seem intimidating at first glance with their heads and short tails that are small compared to their 

bodies, their appearance is definitely impressive. Their color ranges from sandy to dark brown. They can be domesticated.

There are differences in appearance among lynx species. They live on rough terrain and usually in pine forests, but can easily survive in open woodlands or other geographical locations. There are even lynxes living at an altitude of 3000 meters from the sea. They are not only good climbers, but also good swimmers. Since it is a very fast, agile and strong predator for its size, they prey on animals such as snow hares, rodents, ducks, ground birds, fish and sometimes deer. As with every wild cat, it makes perfect eyes for its prey and does not make you feel that it is approaching. In exceptional cases, lynxes act together while hunting. It is seen that they act together, especially when hunting groups of rabbits. They prefer daytime rather than night as their hunting time. During the mating season, they go out of their dominance. They usually mate between the end of January or the beginning of March. The pregnancy of female lynx lasts about 70 days and gives birth to 2 to 3 cubs. The cubs are not separated from their mothers until the next mating season. Female lynxes mature at 21 months, while male lynxes mature at 33 months. Lynxes, which are a part of natural life, are under the threat of human beings. In Norway, where 600 lynx live, 117 lynxes were killed by hunters in just 2 months. Lynxes are among the 120 endangered mammal species declared by the World Conservation Union. The hunting of lynxes is still not prohibited in the country they live in.

The striped hyena is found in the northern half of the African continent, Western Asia (including Anatolia), the Arabian Peninsula, and India. Its habitat is semi-desert and arid regions. The striped hyena's lifestyle is very different from that of the spotted hyena. He prefers to live alone. Very rarely, it can form small groups of family members. While other species of hyenas sound like they're laughing, the striped hyena can't make any noise other than a quiet growl. It attaches great importance to its territory and defends it. It cannot hunt large animals. It generally feeds on carrion. In addition, it can hunt small rodents, birds, lizards, sometimes goats, sheep or dogs. They are afraid of people, they do not attack unless they are put in a difficult situation. They usually live in burrows.

They are very difficult to be seen in the wild due to their low density in nature, well-hidden and solitary life. Today, in certain regions of Anatolia, it is followed by the Nature Conservation and National Parks Directorate of the Ministry of Environment and Forestry with camera traps. In addition, three striped hyena nests were identified by Nature Association volunteers in the Southeastern Anatolia Region in 2007, and a pair of striped hyenas using one of these nests were observed. The area is under protection and is monitored with camera traps. Although the number is small in Anatolia, hunting is strictly prohibited. Because, according to the law enacted by the Ministry of Environment and Forestry and the Central Hunting Commission in September 2010, any hunting of the Anatolian striped hyena within the borders of Turkey paves the way for sanctions starting with a fine of 15,000 TL. There are 8,000 to 10,000 individuals left in the world. In order to protect the Turkish population of striped hyenas, 38,811 hectares of land in Altınözü Hatay, outside the Southeastern Anatolia region, has been set aside as a wildlife development area.

   Gorillas reorganize their nests every day.

   Gorilla is the greatest human and primate species alive. Unlike most primates, he lives on the ground. He's herbivor 98.4% of the gorilla DNA is the same as human DNA. Which makes him the second closest living relative of a human being after a chimpes and lives in the rainforests of Ecuador Africa. There are two kinds of Gorilla..

   Gorillas feed on sprouts, leaves and fruits. They go around every day to feed. The nomads camp out every night. The female and the cubs lie there nesting in the middle-height branches of the trees.

   Gorillas only live in Africa. Mountain gorillas have a long hairrivet at the head. It's not in the gorillas of the plain. The gorillas are endangered by poachers. The mountain gorilla is almost extinct and lives only in Rwanda, the Democratic Republic of the Congo and Uganda. There are only 280-300 mountain gorillas left in nature.

Species Orange: Western Gorilla (Gorilla Gorilla Gorilla) Yellow: Eastern Gorilla (Gorilla Gorilla Beringei)

   And men with big bodies sleep sitting on their backs against trees in simple beds they make from branches at the bottom of the tree.

   The gorilla lives in the Congo, Gabon, Cameroon, Democratic Republic of the Congo and the Republic of Central Africa. From the gorilla of the plain, there are 15,000 to 30,000 left in nature. Numbers are estimates.

Author: İrem Feyza Şmafl

Cross River Gorilla : 300 In addition to their relatively small size, western gorillas are lighter in color than eastern gorillas, with a narrower chest and shorter skull, and slightly thinner. Western lowland gorillas have fur that is black, dark gray, or dark-brown gray; The feathers on the forehead have a brownish color. Males average 167 centimeters (66 in) tall, but can be as tall as 176 centimeters (69 in); in addition, males weigh an average of 168 kilograms (370 lb) and females 58 to 72 kilograms (128 to 159 lb).

Vaquita (Mexican dolphin): 300+ Reports of encounters with this dolphin have been increasing in recent times, and it is no longer thought to be such a rare dolphin as was thought in the 1980s. However, the population and distribution of this dolphin species living in the open sea is not well known. This dolphin is usually found in deep tropical waters between 30° S and 20° N parallels. They have been most common in the eastern Pacific. Netted dolphins have been found in France and Uruguay, but are thought to be caused by unusual oceanic and atmospheric conditions such as El Niño.This type of dolphin is also found in the Gulf of Mexico, but is rarely seen elsewhere in the Atlantic.

White rhinoceros or square lipped rhinoceros (Ceratotherium simum) are the second largest land mammal. They are believed to get their name due to a simple misunderstanding, since the word “White” in their name is taken from the Afrikaans word for “weit” which means wide, and refer to the animal’s mouth.&nbsp;

There are two genetically different subspecies of the White rhino: northern end southern White rhino, anda re found in two different regions of Africa. As of March 2018, with the last remaining male passing away, there are only two female northern white rhinos (Fatu and Najin) that are been taken care of in the Ol Pejeta Conservancy in Kenya. The majority (98.8%) of the southern white rhinos ocur in just four countries: South Africa, Namibia; Zimbabwe, and Kenya. Southern white rhinos were thought to be extinct in the late 19th century, but in 1895, a small population of fewer than 100 individuals was discovered in Kwazulu-Natal, South Africa. After more than a century of protection and management, they are now classified as Near Threatened and around 18,000 animals exist in protected areas and private game reserves. They are the only of the five rhino species that are not endangered.

   White rhinos live in crashes or herds of up to 14 animals (usually mostly female and calves). Sub-adult bulls will congregate, often in association with an adult cow. Most adult bulls are solitary. Dominant bulls mark their territory with excrement and urine. The dung is laid in well-defined piles. It may have 20 to 30 of these piles to alert passing white rhinos that it is his territory. Another way of marking their territory is wiping their horns on bushes or the ground and scrapes with its feet before urine spraying. They do this around ten times an hour while patrolling territory. The same ritual as urine marking except without spraying is also commonly used. The territorial male will scrape-mark every 30 m (98 ft) or so around its territory boundary. Subordinate males do not mark territory. The most serious fights break out over mating rights with a female. Female territory overlaps extensively, and they do not defend it.

   The gestation period of a White rhino is 16 months. A single calf is born and usually weighs between 40-65 kg (88-143 lb). Calves are unsteady for their first two to threedays of life.

ndangered animals are species of animals that are threatened with extinction. The extinction of a species means that their numbers are dwindling and they will disappear if the threats to them in their natural environment are not removed. They are on the biennial red list of the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN). For a species to be on the red list, there must be less than 50 adult individuals left in the world. Another category is sensitive species. The basic criterion for this is that the adult population of the species is less than 1000. The 2006 report of the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) shows that 784 species have completely disappeared from the world as a result of human-induced abuses and 16,119 animal species are endangered. The fact that 530 species were added to the list in 2006 alone shows how threatened the species is. The extinction of a species is actually a part of natural life, in fact, the number of living things on earth today is estimated to be 5% of all living things that have ever lived. The intensification of our hunger for seafood and water poses a serious threat to the aquatic creatures living on our planet. As the fish species living in shallow water decreases, fishermen keep their eyes on the deeper waters, thus endangering the future of the creatures living there.

Humans are the main reason why animals are going extinct. Other causes are derivatives created by humans. Not all living things need humans to survive, but humans need these creatures, from the smallest cells to predators, in order to survive.If habitat (animals' living environment) destruction, unplanned population growth, construction, burning of forests, and wetland destruction continue, many species are in danger of extinction. No one can predict the dire consequences of the extinction of a species in the world or in its local area. This isn't going to happen anytime soon. For example, if the housefly that bothered us suddenly disappeared, animal carcasses would be taken everywhere. Or let's imagine that owls are gone; then the pressure on the voles is lifted. Scientists say natural habitats on the continents have been divided by humans by fences, paved roads, farms and cities, turning them into disjointed habitats that some biologists call "virtual islands." The destruction of natural habitats, overfishing, climate change and pollution are other factors that contribute to the extinction of many species. “Without conscious protection, natural life will one day end. Even the mosquito needs protection. But the prohibitions do not rest. At this rate, there will be no such thing as nature.”

Panda cubs are much smaller than adult pandas. When they are born, they weigh an average of 100 grams. No other mammalian offspring is born this much smaller than an adult (except kangaroos). Newborn pandas need to be nursed every two hours. Even between feedings, the mother usually does not leave her young, continuing to carry them on her front legs. On the move, she gently carries her cubs in her mouth. Puppies start walking when they are three months old. When the panda cub reaches the age of 1.5, it weighis 55 kg and has teeth that are strong and hard enough to eat bamboo. Now it's time for him to leave his mother's side. Most adult pandas prefer to live alone. In fact, they don't have much time to get together, because these slow-moving animals spend 14 hours a day eating bamboo. It is thought that there are 1000 pandas in the wild and 100 in zoos. Most of the now endangered pandas prefer to live in the foggy, rainy foothills of southwest China, where bamboo forests are dense.

Pandas eat almost nothing but bamboo shoots and leaves. They sometimes eat fish and other small animals, but bamboo makes up %99 of the panda's menu. Pandas eat a lot, eat fast, and devote 12 hours of their day to food. This is because they can only digest one-fifth of what they eat. Also, bamboo is not considered very nutritious. Only the shoots and leaves of the bamboo are valuable parts, so adult pandas only take care of these parts. They need to eat %15 of their own weight in these 12 hours to stay healthy, so they eat fast. Pandas' molars are very broad and flat. Thanks to the shape of these teeth, they can shred bamboo shoots, roots and leaves. The bones of the forelimbs are very strong. In order to properly break down their food, they first grasp the plant with their forelimbs. Sometimes, when all de Bamboos in the panda's area dies of natural causes, the pandas starve because they can't find other areas where the bamboos can grow and thrive. Chinese government officials and scientists continue to work and produce ideas so that pandas can continue to live.

Macaws also have gripping toes that they use to latch onto branches and to grab, hold, and examine items. The birds sport graceful tails that are typically very long. Macaws are intelligent, social birds that often gather in flocks of 10 to 30 individuals. Their loud calls, squawks, and screams echo through the forest canopy. Macaws vocalize to communicate within the flock, mark territory, and identify one another. Some species can even mimic human speech. Flocks sleep in the trees at night and in the morning they may fly long distances to feed on fruit, nuts, insects, and snails. Some species also eat damp soil, which may help to neutralize chemicals in their fruity diet and ease their stomachs. Macaws typically mate for life. They not only breed with, but also share food with their mates and enjoy mutual grooming. In breeding season, mothers incubate eggs while fathers hunt and bring food back to the nest. There are at least 17 species of macaws, and several are endangered. These playful birds are popular pets, and many are illegally trapped for that trade. The rain forest homes of many species are also disappearing at an alarming rate.

Red-fronted and blue-throated macaws are seriously at-risk. The glaucous macaw and Spix's macaw may already be extinct in the wild. Animals that live in the Amazon rain forest face a curious predicament due to the region's geography. The Amazon has an extreme lack of salt, which results in some unique behaviors and appetites. Macaws&nbsp;are a group of&nbsp; New World parrots&nbsp;that are long-tailed and often colorful. They are popular in&nbsp;aviculture&nbsp; or as&nbsp;companion parrots, although there are conservation concerns about several species in the wild. The majority of macaws are now endangered in the wild and a few are&nbsp;extinct. The&nbsp;Spix's macaw&nbsp;is now probably extinct in the wild. The&nbsp;glaucous macaw&nbsp;is also probably extinct, with only two reliable records of sightings in the 20th century. The greatest problems threatening the macaw population are the rapid rate of&nbsp;deforestation&nbsp;and illegal trapping for the bird trade&nbsp;Prehistoric Native Americans in the American Southwest farmed macaws in establishments known as "feather factories".

Weaning starts at two months, but the calf may continue suckling for over 12 months. Te birth interval for White rhino is between two and three years and a healthy rhino can live up to 40-50 years. Adult White rhinos have no natural predators (other than humans) due to their size, an deven young rhinos are rarely attacked or preyed on due to their mother’s presence and their tough skin. One exceptional successful attack was perpetrated by a lion pride on a roughly half grown rhinoceros, which weighed 1,055kg (2,326 lb), and occured in Mala Game Reserve, South Africa.

   Historically the major factor in the decline of White rhinos was uncontrolled hunting in the colonial era, but now the primary threat is poaching their horn. The White rhino is particularly vulnerable to hunting because of its poor eyesight and being large and relatively unaggressive.

   Scientists believe the white rhino is a driving factor in its ecosystem. The destruction of the megaherbivore could have serious cascading effects on the ecosystem and harm other animals.

Several conservation tactics have been taken to prevent this subspecies from disappearing from the planet. Perhaps the most notable type of conservation efforts for these rhinos is having moved them from Dvur Kralove Zoo in the Czech Republic to Kenya's Ol Pejeta Conservancy on 20 December 2009, where they have been under constant watch every day, and have been given favorable climate and diet, to which they have adapted well, in order to boost their chances of reproducing. In order to save te northern White rhino from extinction, Ol Pejeta Conservancy announced that it would introduce a fertile southern White rhino from Lewa Wildlife Conservancy in February 2014. On August 2019, using ICSI, eggs from Fatu and Najin were successfully inseminated using the seminal fluid from Saut and Suni. The male Sudan’s sperm was harvested before his death and still in Kenya. On September 2019, it was announced that twoembryos were generated and will be kept in a frozen state, until placed in a surrogent female. On January 2020, another embryo was created using the same techniques; all three from “Fatu”. The northern white rhinos had been transferred to Ol Pejeta Conservancy from the Dvůr Králové Zoo in 2009 in an attempt to protect the taxa in their natural habitat. The only two northern white rhinos left are maintained under 24-hour armed guard in Kenya.

   There are 19 species of macaws, including extinct and critically&nbsp;endangered species.&nbsp;In addition, there are several hypothetical extinct species that have been proposed based on very little evidence.&nbsp;

Hypothetical extinct species

Several&nbsp;hypothetical extinct species&nbsp;of macaws have been postulated based on little evidence, and they may have been subspecies, or familiar parrots that were imported onto an island and later wrongly presumed to have a separate identity. -Martinique macaw,&nbsp;Ara martinica,&nbsp;Rothschild&nbsp;1905 -Lesser Antillean macaw,&nbsp;Ara guadeloupensis, Clark, 1905 -Jamaican green-and-yellow macaw,&nbsp;Ara erythrocephala, Rothschild 1905 -Jamaican red macaw,&nbsp;Ara gossei, Rothschild 1905 -Dominican green-and-yellow macaw,&nbsp;Ara atwoodi, Clark, 1905

The scientific name of the dodo is&nbsp;Raphus cucullatus.&nbsp;The&nbsp;dodo&nbsp;(Raphus cucullatus) is an&nbsp;extinct&nbsp;flightless bird&nbsp;that was&nbsp;endemic&nbsp;to the island of&nbsp;Mauritius, which is east of&nbsp;Madagascar&nbsp;in the&nbsp;Indian Ocean. The dodo's closest&nbsp;genetic relative&nbsp;was the also-extinct&nbsp;Rodrigues solitaire. The two formed the&nbsp;subfamily&nbsp;Raphinae, a clade of extinct flightless birds that were a part of the&nbsp;family&nbsp;including&nbsp;pigeons and doves. The closest&nbsp;living&nbsp;relative of the dodo is the&nbsp;Nicobar pigeon. A white dodo was once thought to have existed on the nearby island of&nbsp;Réunion, but it is now believed that this assumption was merely confusion based on the also-extinct&nbsp;Réunion ibis&nbsp;and paintings of white dodos.

   Taurus frog&nbsp;&nbsp;is an endemic frog species&nbsp;whose average length 7.5 cm in Turkey. The skin of Taurus frogs, whose body length can be up to 7.5 cm, is soft, flat and thin. Rarely, a ciliated skin can be seen in females.&nbsp;&nbsp;The abdomen is usually unspotted and may be pink, yellow, and rarely grayish. Their main food is insects and other arthropods that live in lakeside meadows .The taurus frog, whose reproductive sense is active over a period of about 4 months from late May to October, must complete its reproductive biology. In other words, within this 4-month period, the Taurus frog has to mate and lay eggs. Until the end of the season , puppies called tadpoles must lose their tails and become small frogs .

Niğde Ömer Halisdemir University Biology Zoology Department Professor Ahmet Karataş&nbsp;observed the frogs in the region. Speaking to 

They do not have an outer vocal sac but have an inner vocal sac and make sounds that can be heard a few meters away,” he said.&nbsp;The professor said carps posed serious threats against the frogs in the lake. The habitat of Taurus frogs is very narrow, so their lineage is vulnerable to endangerment. In the beginning, the Taurus frog was taken under protection with the International BERN Convention , which was held in 1984 with the aim of protecting the living creatures in nature and the environments they live in . The Association for the Protection of Frogs , named Maden-Der, was established in Maden village of Ulukışla , Niğde . The aim of the association is to ensure the protection of Taurus frogs. The Niğde Governorate, on the other hand, forbade picnicking in this region and even taking water from Karagöl and the International Union for Conservation of Nature has rated the taurus frogs conservation status as being "critically endangered".

press members, Karataş said the Taurus frog was an endemic species and lived only in that region in the world. “This species is also known as the ‘silent frog’ but this information is not true because they are not completely silent.

Pygmy Borneo Elephant: 1000+ The pygmy elephant is a species that has been reported to live in both Africa and Asia. The African pygmy elephant, which was formerly identified as Loxodonta pumilio, is today accepted as a polymorph of the African forest elephant. A well-documented species, the Borneo elephant (Elephas maximus borneensis), is also described as a 'pygmy elephant'. Living in the tropical rainforest of North Borneo (southern Sabah and northern Kalimantan), this elephant was long thought to be the same species as the Asian elephant, so it was listed as an endangered species. DNA comparison in 2003 revealed that the species is probably a new subspecies. A 2010 study states that there are an estimated 2040 elephants in Sabah.

Sumatran Tiger : 600 A male Sumatran tiger averages 234 cm in length and weighs 136 kg. An average female individual has a length of 198 cm and a weight of 91 kg. Their stripes are thinner and flatter than other tiger subspecies. In addition, they are more hairy and especially males have a more maned appearance. Their small size and harmonious lines allow them to move freely in the forest. There is a webbed structure between the toes. When this structure expands, it turns them into excellent swimmers. It has been noted that the Sumatran tiger can also prey on hoofed animals moving through the water.

   This duck breeds in Spain and North Africa, with a larger population in western and central Asia. Their breeding habitat is large tracts of open water, such as lakes and ponds including artificial water bodies, with dense stands of aquatic plants to provide shelter and nesting sites. Individuals are fairly frequently reported well north of their breeding range, but as with many wildfowl, the status of these extralimital records is clouded by the&nbsp;possibility of escapes from collections.&nbsp;The white-headed duck was originally described as Anas leucocephala by Giovani Antonio Scopoli in 1769.&nbsp;Other&nbsp;synonyms used in the past include Erismatura, Cerconectes, Gymnura, Undina, Bythonessa, Plectrura, and Pervicauda.

of the Spanish population with the introduced ruddy duck (Oxyura jamaicensis) is a more recent threat. This has led to the attempted eradication of the American species from western Europe.

   The white-headed duck is one of the species to which the Agreement on the Conservation of African-Eurasian Migratory Waterbirds (AEWA) applies, and the International Union for Conservation of Nature has rated the bird's conservation status as being "endangered".

   Other junior synonyms for the species include Anas mersa, Anas vindila, Anas ruthenica, and Oxyura unifasciata. Its

scientific name comes from the Greek Oxyura&nbsp;and leucocephala from leukos, "white" and kephalos, "head". The common name white-headed duck, like the specific name, refers to its white head. This duck is considered endangered due to a large reduction in populations in the last 10 years. Most of this decline is due to habitat loss and hunting, but interbreeding 

4 Preface Boğaç Yafl

26 Gorilla İrem Feyza Şmafl

48 Magellanic Penguin Erva Şmafl

6 Great White Shark Efe Furkan Şmafl

28 European Fallow Deer Havvanur Şmafl

50 Brief İnformation with Boğaç Yafl

11 Polar Bear Ayşegül Frbal

30 Caretta Caretta Ayşegül Frbal

52 Leopard Ayşegül Frbal

14 Brief İnformation with Boğaç Yafl

32 Brief İnformation with Boğaç Yafl

55 Striped Hyena Ayşegül Frbal

16 Taurus Frog Hasan Yafl

34 Macaw Buse Şmafl

58 White Rhinoceros Merve Şmafl

18 Panda Ayşegül Frbal

39 Dodo Beyza Zeynep Şmafl

62 The Narwhal Ömer Faruk Şmafl

21 Brief İnformation with Boğaç Yafl

43 Komodo Dragon İrem Şmafl

64 Lynx Ayşegül Frbal

22 Caspian Tiger Ömer Faruk Şmafl

45 The White-Headed Duck Hasan Yafl