Digital Red Book
of Endangered Sea Species

“SOS Red Book”

Contents

Bulgaria .................................................................................

Lithuania .................................................................................

Germany .................................................................................

Italy ..................................................................................

Portugal .................................................................................

03

10

13

23

26

Bulgaria - Black Sea

The Red Book of the Republic of Bulgaria is a list of endangered, non-endangered and extinct biological species living on the territory of Bulgaria. Bulgaria is one of the first in Europe in terms of diversity of animal species. The habitats and natural environment necessary for the existence of many of them are located within the three national parks "Pirin", "Rila", "Central Balkans" and the existing reserves in the country. The Red Book of the Republic of Bulgaria is divided into 3 parts - Plants, Animals and Natural places.
The Red Book includes many extinct endangered and non-endangered species of plants and animals inhabiting the Black Sea.

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Sea daffodil

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Spatterdock

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Bryopsis plumosa

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The sand lily or sea daffodil is a plant located in the sandy shores of the southern Black Sea coast as well as in the reserve "Sand lily". It reaches a height of 30 cm to 70 cm. The sand lily is endangered in Bulgaria and is protected by the Law on biodiversity species. They have a pleasant, exotic and very delicate aroma of lily, which is manifested only during the windless summer nights, which allow the delicate aroma to become noticeable. It flowers from August to October.

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Yellow water-lily or spadderdock is an aquantic plant. It is found in Cape Shabla, Black Sea. Spadderdock is rare and therefore a protected species under the Biodiversity Act. It has large, lily-pad leaves that are up to 40cm across, and grows in water up to 3m deep. The lily flowers during the summer, from June to September, and smells like the dregs of wine. It has healing properties and is used in medicine for gastrointestinal inflammation.

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Bryopsis plumosa, sometimes known by the common name green algae , is a type of green seaweed. It is endangered and protected. Thirty-six species were found in the bays of the Black and Aegean Sea. Bryopsis plumosa has distichous branches with a thallus that is small , growing up to 10 cm long. It is coloured bright green and has a soft, silky texture.

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Water lily

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Peony

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Peony is a beautiful perennial plant with fiery red flowers. It blooms in April and May and its stem reaches up to 40 centimeters in height. Wild peony grows in dry places, on stony calcareous terrains. In Bulgaria, it can be seen in Dobrudja region, along the Black Sea coast and the region of Strandja Mountain.

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Anemone Sylvestris

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Water lily, (family Nymphaeaceae), family of 58 species in 3 genera of freshwater flowering plants (order Nymphaeales ), native to the temperate and tropical parts of the world. Water lilies provide food for fish and wildlife but sometimes cause drainage problems because of their rapid growth.

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Anemone sylvestris is a perennial, flowering groundcover that is a part of the Ranunculaceae family of plants. It also goes by the common names Snowdrop anemone and Snowdrop windflower. Anemone sylvestris is often used as a floral groundcover to give visual interest in gardens, under bushes, or along bed borders. It is protected in Ropotamo Reserve, Bulgaria.

Harbour porpoise
(Phocoena phocoena)

Common dolphin

Body length: 1,5m.
Weigth: 53kg.

The guinea pig is widespread in the seas of the Northern Hemisphere. It inhabits mostly shallow waters (0 - 200 m) in the area of the continental shelf in the entire Black Sea basin. It feeds mainly on fish and cephalopods.

Afala dolphin

Body length: up to 3 m.
Weight: up to 210 kg.

In the Black Sea it performs seasonal migrations in search of food. During the spring-summer season it resides in the northern regions, and during the winter season - in the southern regions.

Body length: up to 4,5m.
Weigth: up to 500kg.

Unlike the common dolphin, it has a shorter snout and a black elliptical stripe around the eyes. The back of its body is black or dark gray and the belly is light. It is widespread in the temperate and tropical waters of the world's oceans. It feeds mainly on small fish, eels and squid.

Balon's Ruffe

Body length: up to 15 - 20 cm.
Weight: up to 70 - 100 gr.

Balon's Ruffe is a fish of the Percidae family, it can also be found in Bulgaria.(Although rare). It inhabits areas with sand or mud substrates. It is active at night and feeds on small invertebrates. It feeds on insect larvae, caviar and fish maggots.

European Eel

Russian Sturgeon

The Russian Sturgeon, also known as diamond sturgeon is an endangered species found in the Black sea its about 93 inches long and can weight up to 115 kilograms.

The European Eel is also an endangered species that can be found in the Black sea. It is a snake like fish that's normally around 60-80 cm and can rarely grow up to a meter long. The main reason that they are becoming endangered is because they are often served as dishes in some resturants around europe.

The Black Sea

The Black Sea is home to many species of plants and animals. About 2,000 species of animals and over 1,000 species of plants have been found in the Black Sea. Nearly half of the plant and animal species in the Mediterranean and the Black Sea Basin may be extinct forever due to changes.

Lithuania

Lithuania hosts a large proportion of the species that are threatened at the European level, and has the important responsibility for protecting these species within its territory. Species in Lithuania require greater action to improve their status. While many species already receive some conservation attention, others do not. Species can be saved from extinction but this requires a combination of sound research and carefully coordinated efforts. Lithuania as an EU Member State has committed to halting biodiversity loss by 2020 but urgent action is needed to meet this target and better monitoring capacity is required to measure if the target is met.

Lithuania is host to an estimated 30,000 species of animals and plants. This number represents 19% of the total species described for Europe and could represent more than 2% of the species in the world.