Еко книжка

By his actions man often causes a disturbance of the balance and the harmony in the nature. Construction often changes the natural appearance of nature. The landscape is being concreted, dikes, dams and tunnels are being built.
The construction of roads and cities,and the appearance of new industries, products and technologies not only makes the human life easier, but also creates environmental problems.
Environmental pollution has serious consequences for the environment and, in general, for living beings.

THE EARTH IS IN GREAT DANGER!

Environmental pollution has serious consequences for the environment and, in general, for living beings.

The biggest environmental problems are:
1. Thinning of the ozone layer and the appearance of the so-called ozone hole. The reasons for thinning of the ozone layer are ozone-degrading substances released as a result of human activity:
- Freons – used in refrigerator equipment and aerosol packagings.
- Halons – used in fire extinguishers.
- Various solvents and pesticides.

To avoid a global catastrophe we must:
- Reduce emissions of harmful gases;
- Close down harmful industries;
- Make products that do not emit freons.

2. Global warming and greenhouse effect
In recent years, the temperature of the North Pole has risen by 1.1 degrees. It is obtained from the infrared radiation of certain gases in the atmosphere. Increased temperature of the low layers of the atmosphere is observed, which leads to: drought, changes in the biosphere, floodings, storms, smog
The causes of the global warning of the climate are:
- solar radiation;
- the increased greenhouse gas content in the. atmosphere, which is emitted by factories, cars and households using wood and coal for heating. - the cut off a huge number of forests.

If we don't want a global catastrophe we must:
-use hybrid cars that emit less harmful gases;
-reduce the use of plastic and search for its substitute;
-plant more trees;
-get used to collecting the waste separately in order to recycle it and to use it again;
-use energy-saving appliances and bulbs;
-recycle old equipment;
-look for alternative fuels and energy sources.

4. Different types of pollution:
The pollution of:
- Water - Rivers and lakes are the main water receivers of contaminated waste water from industry and everydy life. Rivers, on the other hand, cause pollution to the seas and the World Ocean
-Air - The biggest air pollutants are:
1. the electric stations
2. the factories and other industrial enterprises
3. the motor vehicles - cars, aircraft, vessels
4. burning of the wood pulp for heating
5. oil refineries
6. organic waste that releases methane
7. chemical, biological and nuclear weapons
The air is polluted with new chemical, mechanical or biological substances uncharacteristic of it.
-Soils - The biggest polluter of the environment is the agriculture. The influence of the pesticides and the fertilizers result of domestic and industrial waste is very bad. The soil is saturated with heavy metals, chemicals, nitrates, phosphates and other harmful wastes. The soil is very important for the growth of cereals, fibres and wood and is an important component of all ecosystems.

Have you ever wondered where the waste we're dumping in the containers is going?
Do you know, there's a dumping ground as big as three Frances in the Pacific?
By 2050, there will be more garbage in the seas and oceans than fish.
The first manufactured plastic toothbrush still exists and has not decomposed.
If you line up the polystyrene cups produced in just one day, it will circle the earth.

All this waste can be recycled!

plastic bag

plastic bottles

paper and cardboard

2-6 weeks

10-20 years

450-700 years

packaging of milk and natural juices

leather shoes

25-40 years

diapers

500-800 years

3 months

wool clothes
tarpaulin items

plastic cups
cans

fishing line

1-5 years

50 years

600 years

polystyrene packaging

spectacle lenses

shoe soles

million years

5 years

50-80 years

polystyrene packaging

batteries

sciniol and styrofoam

10-12 years

100 years

do not degrade

polystyrene packaging

aluminum boxes

80-250 years

13 years

5. Forest destruction is among the most serious environmental problems. Most of the problems are lack of afforestation,the intentional arsons, air pollution, illegal dumping grounds and last but not least not enough environmental consciousness.
Factors leading to these problems are:
- Industry
- Wood production

6. Domestic waste and dumping grounds.
In a century, the world's population has increased almost 4 times. The increase in the population leads to more consumption and an increase in the amount of waste.

7. Disappearance of the ozone layer
The ozone layer consists of gas present in the atmosphere and does not allow ultraviolet (UV) rays to reach the Earth's surface. However, high levels of pollution have caused its weakening and the appearance of a hole. This led to the spread of various diseases among humans, as well as negative effects in the nature. For example, reduction of the polar caps or raising of the temperatures.

8. Damage to the ecosystems
The natural balance of the ecosystems has changed due to the high degree of pollution in which we live, therefore many species have disappeared and others are about to disappear due to:
- Imbalance and loss of ecosystems and a wide variety of animals and plants.
- The effects of the greenhouse gases: Carbon dioxide causes ocean acidification and global warming (high atmospheric temperatures and increased ocean and sea temperatures)
- The arrival of invasive species that kill or reduce species of a particular ecosystem or area
- Increase of insect pests that carry various infectious diseases and reach places where they previously did not exist or were not used for arrival.