Rural: UK N5

<a href="https://www.sqa.org.uk/pastpapers/papers/papers/2016/N5_Geography_all_2016.pdf">RURAL UK 2</a>

Look at Diagram. Choose two of the factors shown on Diagram. For the two you have chosen, describe in detail how recent developments in farming affect the people and the landscape in developed countries. 6

Diversification - Effects When farmers use other ventures such as farm shops it helps to boost the farmers’ income, allows farmers to become more independent and less reliant on subsidies. Wind farm development on farming land also generates extra income.

Machinery Since the 1950s there has been a massive increase in the use of farm machinery such as tractors, ploughs, combine harvesters and seed drills. Chemicals - fertilisers and pesticides There has been an increase in the use of chemical fertilisers and pesticides to try to improve crop yields and farmers profits. Chemical fertilisers have also enabled crops to be grown on marginal areas with poorer quality soil.

Marking Instructions Quotas are necessary to prevent the over production of food (1) and so prevent prices for food stuffs from plummeting (1) and thus not providing an adequate income for the farmer (1). In reducing the amount of food produced this also frees up farmland for other activities (1). eg Animal Health Inspections are necessary following outbreaks of disease such as foot and mouth (1). These diseases cause many animals to be slaughtered (1) and so farmers lose money (1). It can also result in other countries not buying meat products from the UK (1). Or any other relevant answer.

Within the context of Developed Countries: In the context of rural areas: 1.changes in the rural landscape in developed countries, related to modern developments in farming such as: 1. Diversification 2. Impact of new technology 3. Organic farming 4. Genetic Modification (GM) 5. Current government policy

In the UK, the Department for Food &amp; Rural Affairs (DeFRA) or the Scottish Rural Development Programme (SRDP) supports farming industry by providing subsidies. They regulates policies which improve animal health and welfare regulations. Government demands disease control in plants and animals to maintain high standards of produce. Government funds and supports research into agriculture which in turn improves farming practices. CAP Common Agricultural Policy helps farmers to maintain stable prices and guarantee a steady income, farmers use set-aside land to prevent over-production of certain crops. Grants available for environmental improvements, such as planting hedges in rural land.

<a href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/guides/zgfj6sg/revision/1">https://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/guides/zgfj6sg/revision/1</a> 6.14 minutes

Choose any two EU policies shown in the diagram above and explain why they are necessary. 4

RURAL UK National 5 Geography

Describe ways that farmers can diversify to make extra income. 5

Resulted in higher yields and pest resistant crops so increased profits However, some people think we do not know enough about the environmental and health concerns surrounding them

GM crops - Effects&nbsp; Can increase crop yields and improve resistance to disease. Many people disagree with GM crops arguing that it may have a negative impact on the natural environment. More tolerant crop varieties could be grown in areas where they couldn’t be previously grown. GM crops reduce the need for pesticides which helps insects and bees.

Farming without the use of artificial chemicals has grown due to consumer demands More labour intensive as farmer must give more time and effort Decreases river pollution Farmer needs to be more skillful to cultivate poor soils

Marking Instructions Farmers can rent out land for festivals (1). Farmers can sell some land for housing development (1). They can renovate and rent out farm buildings for tourists (1). Farmers can provide horse riding (1). They can have farm tours (1). Pick your own strawberries (1).

<a href="https://www.sqa.org.uk/pastpapers/papers/papers/2019/N5_Geography_all_2019.pdf">RURAL UK 1</a>

Look at Diagram Explain the advantages and disadvantages of recent developments in farming in developed countries such as the UK. 6

New Technology - Effects&nbsp; Machinery using GPS to manage field operations or animal feeding saves time, drones may be used to survey fields of crops which helps farmers to quickly identify problems. However cost of buying and maintaining this equipment and machinery is expensive. Chemical fertilisers and insecticides are widely used to improve production on farms, less labour required which has led to a decrease in population in rural areas. But overuse of chemicals may result in environmental damage.

Farming is a tough industry and many smaller farmers struggle to make a living. To help increase their income, many farmers have turned to non-farming related activities. This is known as diversification. Farmers put their land to a variety of uses including: Tourism renting out cottages as holiday homes offering bed and breakfast facilities providing camp and caravan sites Enterprise fishing cafes and farm shops fruit picking Recreation/leisure adventure activities such as quad biking and off-roading paintball horse riding

<a href="https://www.twigscotland.com/film/rural-settlements-1603/">https://www.twigscotland.com/film/rural-settlements-1603/</a> 3.28 minutes

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