Health N5

Effects of Heart Disease

1. Death: Many premature deaths / lower life expectancy 2. Illness:&nbsp;People cannot support themselves and rely on outside help, careers and home help can be very expensive. 3. Country: Money must be spent on health services for ill people. Many workdays are lost. 4. Family: Loss of parents and grandparents, can affect childcare provision adding costs for nursery fees.

Diagram: Global child mortality rates

Study Diagram Describe, in detail, child mortality rates across the world. 4

1. Distribution of a range of world diseases - HIV / AIDS Skills question: Describing in detail a resource

Describe in detail Questions In the Human and Global issues section of the exam you will get questions which ask you to describe in detail a resource. This maybe a table, graph or map. To answer these question you need to describe what the resource shows, but not to explain why.&nbsp;These are usually for 4 marks To answer the question: 1.Give an overall description 2.Then try to split the resource into 2 or 3 categories / trends / geographical areas, and describe each one using the numbers provided

Understanding Blood Pressure

Understanding Blood Pressure (Subtitles)

Understanding Cholesterol

Understanding Cholesterol (Subtitles)

What happens inside your body when you exercise?

5. Medicines: •to thin the blood and reduce the chance of blood clotting, such as Warfarin. •to reduce cholesterol and reducing the risk of a heart attack, called statins •to slow down the heart rate and reducing strain on it, called beta blockers

6. Operations:&nbsp; •heart surgery such as a bypass operation is required to repair a damaged part of the heart, •stents can be used to widen narrowed blood vessels (angioplasty) •heart transplant because their own heart is too weak or damaged.

How do statins prevent heart attacks and strokes?

<a href="https://www.sqa.org.uk/pastpapers/papers/papers/2015/N5_Geography_all_2015.pdf">HEALTH 3c</a>

Diagram: Selected Developing World Diseases

Choose one disease from Diagram above. For the disease you have chosen, explain the methods used to control it. 6

<a href="https://www.sqa.org.uk/pastpapers/papers/papers/2019/N5_Geography_all_2019.pdf">HEALTH 2c</a>

Diagram: Selected diseases common in the developed world

Choose one disease from Diagram. For the disease you have chosen, explain the methods used to manage it. 6

<a href="https://www.sqa.org.uk/pastpapers/papers/papers/2015/N5_Geography_all_2015.pdf">HEALTH 2a </a>

Diagram: Worldwide Male Deaths from Heart Disease in 2011 (per 100,000 Males)

Study Diagram. Describe, in detail, the distribution of male deaths from heart disease. 4

1. Distribution of a range of world diseases - Malaria Skills question: Describing in detail a resource

Describe in detail Questions In the Human and Global issues section of the exam you will get questions which ask you to describe in detail a resource. This maybe a table, graph or map. To answer these question you need to describe what the resource shows, but not to explain why.&nbsp;These are usually for 4 marks To answer the question: 1.Give an overall description 2.Then try to split the resource into 2 or 3 categories / trends / geographical areas, and describe each one using the numbers provided

<a href="https://www.sqa.org.uk/pastpapers/papers/papers/2016/N5_Geography_all_2016.pdf">HEALTH 2b </a>

Explain the causes of either heart disease or cancer or asthma. 6

HIV Positive: Seriously, you can't catch it from kissing - BBC Stories

2. Causes, effects and strategies adopted to manage:&nbsp; 3. One disease prevalent in a developing country - malaria

Malaria

<a href="https://www.sqa.org.uk/pastpapers/papers/papers/2014/N5_Geography_all_2014.pdf">HEALTH 1c </a>

Diagram — World AIDS Day Report 2012

Look at Diagram. Explain methods used to limit the spread of AIDS in developed and developing countries. 6

HEALTH National 5 Geography

<a href="https://www.sqa.org.uk/pastpapers/papers/papers/2018/N5_Geography_all_2018.pdf">HEALTH 1b </a>

Explain the effects of HIV/AIDs on the populations of developing countries. 6

WHO: Global malaria progress and challenges in 2016

2. Causes, effects and strategies adopted to manage:&nbsp; 2. One disease prevalent in a developed country - heart disease

1. Distribution of a range of world diseases Skills question: Describing in detail a resource 2. Causes, effects and strategies adopted to manage:&nbsp; HIV/AIDS in developed &amp; developing countries One disease prevalent in a developed country - heart disease One disease prevalent in a developing country - malaria

1. Death: The death rate will increase and life expectancy decreases. 2. Illness: Symptoms usually start after about a week to 10 days and can include fever, shaking, chills, sickness, vomiting and muscle pains. Children under 5 are often worst affected because they have built up less resistance than adults. 3. Country: Income may be so low that they cannot afford sufficient food and so malnutrition and hunger can also be a problem, crops may be left unharvested in the fields because farm workers are too ill to gather them in. The whole economy can suffer because of low productivity, as much of the workforce is frequently off sick. Few tourists want to visit the country because of the threat from malaria, further hitting the country economically. 4. Family: Malaria can recur and so people may often experience several bouts of illness, this has a very serious economic effect on their families as if they cannot work they may lose income, families may not be able to afford to send their children to school, so they lose out on education.

Physical: •Temperatures must be between 15 and 40°C with high rainfall – this makes the tropics ideal. •The presence of the female anopheles mosquito. •Humidity of 60 per cent and over. •Stagnant water, eg a lake or even a puddle, needed to lay larvae. •Areas of vegetation for shade to digest blood. Human: •Houses create areas of shade for the mosquitoes to rest. •Global air travel contributes to the spread •Settlements provide large populations for blood meals. •Poor sanitation in shanty towns. •Man-made areas of stagnant water, eg paddy fields.

<a href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/clips/zb4nvcw">https://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/clips/zb4nvcw</a> 1.49 minutes

<a href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/clips/zsy2tfr">https://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/clips/zsy2tfr</a> 1.17 minutes

Understanding your weight

How smoking affects your heart

Heart Disease Strategies&nbsp;

1. Diet: Food labelling shows the amount of fat and calories contained in the food. 2. Smoking: A smoking ban was introduced in 2005 (1) this stops people from smoking in public areas such as restaurants (1). Cigarette packets now display pictures of the damage caused by smoking. 3. Exercise: People are encouraged through education and advertising to do more exercise. 4. Awareness: Charities such as the British Heart Foundation, raise awareness and fund research.&nbsp;

<a href="https://www.sqa.org.uk/pastpapers/papers/papers/2017/N5_Geography_all_2017.pdf">HEALTH 3b </a>

Look at Diagram. Choose one disease from Diagram above. For the disease you have chosen, explain the impact on people and the countries affected. 6

Marking Instructions Overall description: Infant mortality is highest in developing countries (1 mark) Category / areas Europe, North America and Australasia have the lowest rates of child mortality numbers at between 1-25 per 1000 children (1 mark) Most of South America has child mortality rates of between 1—25 apart from Bolivia which has the greatest rates at 51-75, (1 mark) with Paraguay having between 26-50 (1 mark) The continent with the worst child mortality rates is Africa with only Libya having between 1-25 (1 mark) Individual Countries Countries like Nigeria, Ghana and Mali have the highest rates between 101—300 (1 mark) Afghanistan has the highest rates in Asia with between 101—300 children, (1 mark) followed by Pakistan with between 76-100. (1 mark)

1. Prevention: Preventative bed nets are effective at stopping mosquitoes biting at night, when they are most active. 2. Mosquito: Insecticides, such as malathion destroy the female anopheles' mosquito. Draining all breeding areas eradicates larvae, planting eucalyptus trees to soak up moisture removes breeding ground. Water can also be released from dams to drown immature larvae. Small fish can be introduced to eat larvae and provide a cheap protein source. Genetic engineering of sterile male mosquitoes reduces mosquitoes. 3. Parasite: Anti-malarial drugs kill blood parasites; Chloroquine is an example of this. New treatments have also been developed which seem to be more effective such as artemisinin / ACT because malaria parasite is not yet resistant to them.

1.Sexual Transmission: Free condoms are given out. 2.Drug Users: Clean needles are provided for drug users. 3.Transmission: Drugs can also be given to pregnant females to prevent the spread to their babies. Blood is screened to prevent infection through blood transfusions. 4.Awareness: Education in schools, and the use of advertising on Radio / TV also reduce the spread. 5.Medicine: AIDS can be controlled using anti-retroviral drugs e.g. complera.&nbsp;

2. Causes, effects and strategies adopted to manage:&nbsp; 1. HIV/AIDS in developed &amp; developing countries

1. Distribution of a range of world diseases - Heart Disease Skills question: Describing in detail a resource

<a href="https://www.twigscotland.com/film/hivaids-immune-evaders-1071/">https://www.twigscotland.com/film/hivaids-immune-evaders-1071/</a> 3.09 minutes

1.Sexual Transmission: AIDS is caused by unprotected sex, and the transmission of bodily fluids from an infected person to an uninfected person. 2.Drug Users: AIDS is also caused by the sharing of dirty needles, for example amongst drug users. 3.Infected mothers: AIDS can also be spread from a pregnant person to her unborn child, and through breastfeeding. 4. Lack of education: can also increase transmission as many people are unaware of the causes of the disease. 5. Lack of primary health care: is also a contributory factor as many people cannot access condoms or other preventative methods. 6. Infected blood transfusions: for example haemophiliacs (people whose blood cannot clot) generally need a lot of blood transfusions.&nbsp;

<a href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/guides/z9bmn39/revision/2">https://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/guides/z9bmn39/revision/2</a> 2.43 minutes

<a href="https://www.sqa.org.uk/pastpapers/papers/papers/2018/N5_Geography_all_2018.pdf">HEALTH 1a </a>

Diagram: Adult HIV infection rate by country 2013

Study Diagram. Describe, in detail, the global distribution of HIV/AIDS infection amongst adults. 4

<a href="https://www.sqa.org.uk/pastpapers/papers/papers/2017/N5_Geography_all_2017.pdf">HEALTH 3a </a>

Study Diagram. Describe, in detail, the changes in death rates from malaria. 4

Causes of Hearth Disease

<a href="https://www.twigscotland.com/film/healthy-heart-975/">https://www.twigscotland.com/film/healthy-heart-975/</a> 2.06 minutes

Lifestyle factors are the main cause of heart disease. 1.Diet: Poor diet also leads to heart disease. •Saturated Fat - Too much saturated fat can cause hardening or blocking of the arteries. •Fruit &amp; Veg – Lack of fruit or vegetables which cause a lack of good cholesterol. •Salt - Eating too much processed food, with a high salt content. 2.Smoking: Smoking can make the heart pump faster. 3.Exercise: Lack of physical exercise which is necessary to keep the heart healthy. For example taking the car or use the lift rather than walking/taking the stairs. 4.Stress: High stress levels also contribute to heart disease. Hereditary factors can also be a cause, with higher levels being passes onto children.

1. Death: The death rate will increase and life expectancy decreases. 2. Illness: AIDS is a debilitating disease which means that eventually those infected will not be able to work. With more adults ill and unable to work then the economically active population reduces, resulting in a shortage of labour. 3. Country: This lowers productivity and hampers development of a country. This in turn leads to fewer jobs and less wealth in a country.

4. Family: The young often become carers, therefore missing out on education. There will also be many orphans. In areas where AIDS is endemic e.g. South Africa, many are brought up by grandparents, meaning entire middle-aged populations may be missing from societies.