Active Reading & How You Can Help Your Child at Home

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All of this information is to help you create an active reader in your child. Active Reading is the key to getting the most understanding and retention from text. Teaching by example can be the best tool that you have. Please don't hesitate to contact me with any questions.

<a href="bookcreator://page/AmWanlETRcyJJp1Ixccs6A">Table of Contents</a>

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-Every time a baby hears speech, the brain is learning the rules of language that generalize, later, to reading (Burns, n.d.) -Even a simple nursery rhyme can help a baby's brain begin to make sound differentiations and create phonemic awareness, an essential building block for reading readiness (Burns, n.d.) -By the time a child is ready to read effectively, the brain has done a lot of work coordinating sounds to language, and is fully prepared to coordinate language to reading, and reading to comprehension (Burns, n.d.)

Digital Text is anything on an electronic device, including phones, tablets, or computers. Print Text is printed on paper either in books, magazines, newspapers, worksheets, etc. Most children have access to digital print at an early age. They are usually using digital print for some of their school day as well. There are pros and cons of each type of content. One of the negatives is that some digital content has distracting links, images or advertisements (Heitin, 2019).

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-Blending is the ability to smoothly and fluidly combine individual sound together into words(Gagen, 2007) For example, smooth blending is sounding out the word ‘mast’ as /mmaasst/ instead of a choppy or segmented /m/…./a/…./s/…./t/. In simple terms, blending is smoothly ‘hooking the sounds together’ when sounding out words. &nbsp;Students who lack blending skills may initially get by with short words but quickly run into trouble with longer words containing four or more sounds. When a child does not know how to blend sounds together they make numerous errors and face difficulty with beginning reading. Correct phonologic processing requires smooth blending.

-Ask your child to write the word or words that they are learning in the air with their finger -Show your child a letter, tell them the name and sound it makes. Have them trace the letter with their finger on the card and say it out loud (the letter and sound) and tell them to take a picture of the letter with their imagination. Take the card away and have them air write the letter and say it's name and sound. -Practice sight words -Spelling Practice (We are Teachers, 2016)

Dyslexia is a learning disorder that involves difficulty reading due to problems identifying speech sounds and learning how they relate to letters and words (decoding). It affects the areas of the brain that process language (Mayo Clinic, 1998). It is a common misconception that students with dyslexia see words and letters in a backward manner. A more detailed list of signs by age level can be found at the link below. If you suspect your child may be dyslexic, contact the school or your pediatrician. The school does screenings for all of 1st-3rd graders and at risk readers in 4th and 5th grade three times a year.

Signs of Dyslexia at Different Ages

<a href="bookcreator://page/Zhq3G8dLS0mrCehoYMFTNQ">Page 1-Cover</a> <a href="bookcreator://page/w390iV2nSMePCPd0J23kzg">Page 2-Purpose</a> <a href="bookcreator://page/AmWanlETRcyJJp1Ixccs6A">Page 3-Table of Contents</a> <a href="bookcreator://page/w8RwRFkVR5-qckGqTEBWlw">Page 4-What is Passive Reading?</a> <a href="bookcreator://page/r27zubHpSlKjynZ8HXcFPA">Page 5-What is Active Reading?</a> <a href="bookcreator://page/Vd6ea9XwSx-KdtlcbEY2RQ">Page 6-ABC's of Active Reading</a> <a href="bookcreator://page/3zQBfi9wTnaxykn4IlnpSg">Page 7-The Reading Brain</a> <a href="bookcreator://page/l9jRzeWdSliTWyDcwaeJdg">Page 8-Components of Reading</a> <a href="bookcreator://page/GksVt_KDRjaY0ybRG_EG_w">Page 9-Phonemic Awareness</a> <a href="bookcreator://page/aQ4IStlVTyuFn41olFwwzg">Page 13-Phonics</a> <a href="bookcreator://page/5jLZq2lsQ_2GNUBCzArYOQ">Page 16-Additional Skill Help/Blending</a>

<a href="bookcreator://page/NpvKUmy9RbyFI35WO8Vcvg">Page 19-Fluency</a> <a href="bookcreator://page/uAYz2tECSEGAoSXPlKGGoQ">Page 21-Vocabulary</a> <a href="bookcreator://page/th6k2LkQTYSDyKci7BjzIg">Page 24-Comprehension</a> <a href="bookcreator://page/ymluthpgTuu9GvApxikvew">Page 26-Reading Challenges</a> <a href="bookcreator://page/_ckpjk61R_isEuf4RYQNMQ">Page 27-Vision</a> <a href="bookcreator://page/Z7_MOo1NT6mhrp7R1CsHWA">Page 28-Directional Tracking</a> <a href="bookcreator://page/97hN4-e3Rzutzy3MSg1InA">Page 29-Dyslexia</a> <a href="bookcreator://page/CS3H6Z0MQ06_SHHDHUGVQg">Page 30-Auditory Processing Disorder</a> <a href="bookcreator://page/UMy6o52gSKSnnixdWiMa5A">Page 31-Reluctant Readers</a> <a href="bookcreator://page/4TKF_lEvTrOvZ2A_h0xsoQ">Page 32-Digital Vs Print</a> <a href="bookcreator://page/rpmzYd_gSm6Nl_lVM7XqSw">Page 35-Encouraging Reading for Enjoyment</a> <a href="bookcreator://page/d1D85PweTGKDpGs1ep_HsQ">Page 36-Contacts</a> <a href="bookcreator://page/D0fqY8H5TzKu-h7SUABpzw">Page 37-Summary</a> <a href="bookcreator://page/D0fqY8H5TzKu-h7SUABpzw">Page 38-Sources</a>

-Model fluent reading -Practice with poetry with repeated phrases -Practice reading the same passage out loud repeatedly -Listen and follow along with audio recordings of books -Practice with text that is easier for so they can truly focus on fluency Here are some additional resources:

7 Ways to Improve Reading Fluency

10 Ways to improve reading fluency - The Measured Mom

Phonics: How to blend sounds to read words | Oxford Owl

Fun with Phonemes

Auditory-Processing Disorder (APD) is a hearing problem that affects 5% of school age children (Morlet, 2014). Also known as CAPD (Central Auditory Processing Disorder). Children with this disorder can't process what they hear the same way other kids do. Signs to looks for are trouble focusing with other sounds, trouble following directions, disorganized, forgetful, and conversations with them can sometimes be hard to follow. For more detailed information please visit the link below.

Advancement Courses . (n.d.). Retrieved May 5, 2020, from https://advancementcourses.learninghouse.com/pluginfile.php/ Amoson, M. (2020, March 29). My Misconceptions with Phonemic Awareness. Retrieved May 8, 2020, from https://sharingkindergarten.com/phonemic-awareness/ Bible, D. (2020).&nbsp;Jolly Phonics&nbsp;[Photograph]. Retrieved from https://www.debbible.com/product/jolly-phonics-letter-sound-strips-in-print-letters/ Blevins, W. (2020). Understanding Phonics | Scholastic. Retrieved May 11, 2020, from https://www.scholastic.com/teachers/articles/teaching-content/understanding-phonics/ Burns, M. (2020, February 14). The Reading Brain: How Your Brain Helps You Read, and Why it Matters. Retrieved May 5, 2020, from https://www.scilearn.com/the-reading-brain/ Chegg.com. (2018). Retrieved May 5, 2020, from https://www.chegg.com/homework-help/questions-andanswers DESIGNING FOR PRINT V/S DIGITAL MEDIA. (2016, August 6). [Photograph]. Retrieved from http://blogs.shemoil.com/shemoil-services/designing-for-print-vs-digital-media/ Dyslexia - Symptoms and causes. (2017, July 22). Retrieved May 18, 2020, from https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/dyslexia/symptoms-causes/syc-20353552

-Phonemic awareness is “the ability to understand that spoken words are made up of separate sounds, called phonemes—the smallest units of sound, and to differentiate those sounds" (Amason, 2019) -Phonemic awareness can be taught&nbsp;in the dark&nbsp;because the idea is for children to LISTEN to sounds rather than see (Amason, 2019) -Phonemic Awareness needs to be taught consistently and systematically but it can also be taught in fun and engaging ways. Remember this is auditory and without letters (Amason, 2019)

Strategies to Try at Home

-Have your child read aloud and ask questions before, during, and after reading -Reread to build fluency -Read books that are "Just Right" -Make connections with the text

-Identify each letter by saying it's name and sound (make sure to do this out of alphabetical order as well). Fridge magnets or flash cards work great for this. -Practice writing letters in different ways (finger paint, sidewalk chalk, sand, etc.) being sure to name the letter and sound. Make sure to use upper and lower case letters. The link below has more ideas to help!

Phonics Activities - The Measured Mom

Fluency is the ability to read a text accurately, quickly, and with expression (Reading Rockets, 2018). When students become better at decoding, they will be able to start working on fluency. This is working on reading at a smooth pace without stumbling or mispronouncing words and using punctuation when reading sentences. When students read word by word instead of smoothly, it makes it hard for the brain to comprehend what they are reading. This is why fluency is so important.

Find out how strong your vocabulary is and learn new words at Vocabulary.com. (n.d.). Retrieved May 12, 2020, from https://www.vocabulary.com/ Fluency. (2020, January 3). Retrieved May 14, 2020, from https://www.readingrockets.org/teaching/reading-basics/fluency Forrest, S. (2020, February 24). Eye-Tracking Difficulties. Retrieved May 18, 2020, from https://dm-ed.com/info/eye-tracking-difficulties/ G, A. (2020, February 24). 10 Ways to improve reading fluency. Retrieved May 14, 2020, from https://www.themeasuredmom.com/10-ways-to-improve-reading-fluency/ Gagen, M. (2007a). Blending Explained. Retrieved May 10, 2020, from http://righttrackreading.com/blending.html Gagen, M. (2007b). Directional Tracking Explained. Retrieved May 15, 2020, from http://www.righttrackreading.com/tracking.html Gagen, M. R. (2006). Fun Phonemic Awareness Activities To Get Your Child Started. Retrieved May 8, 2020, from http://righttrackreading.com/paactivities.html Hale, N. (2020, May 22).&nbsp;WHAT CAN YOU DO WHEN THE CLASSROOM READING LEVEL DOESN’T MATCH YOUR CHILD’S?&nbsp;[Photograph]. Retrieved from https://specialreads.com/what-can-you-do-when-your-childs-classroom-reading-level-doesnt-match-his/

Play games with the beginning sounds in words (Gagen, 2006) -See if child can identify the beginning sound Sit has an "ss" -Try to identify words that have the same beginning sounds back, bake, bag, ball -Silly words games changing the beginning letter. For example-Sarah, Darah, Farah, Karah, Parah -Rhyming activities cat, bat, sat, hat, rat -Tongue twisters Peter Piper picked a peck of pickled peppers

Reluctant Readers- This is very often a concern for parents and teachers. There are many reasons why your child may be reluctant to read. It could be one of the issues we previously discussed or something much more simple. Start by asking them why they don't want or like to read. Some students are afraid of being tested on their fluency or comprehension. It creates anxiety for some kids. There are instances too when students are reading what is popular and not necessarily books that are a good fit for their abilities and interests. Embarrassment of their book choice, if it is a lower book, can also be cause for reluctance. Books have been made that look more advanced but are at a lower reading level. These are called hi/lo books and are available at most libraries. Students can simply be overwhelmed by assigned reading as well. Breaking it into smaller chunks to read and taking notes or using a graphic organizer can be helpful in these cases.

The ABC's of Active Reading

The ABCs of Active Reading

Oxford Owl - Learning at Home. (2019, June 28). Phonics: How to blend sounds to read words | Oxford Owl [Video file].&nbsp;YouTube. Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vqvqMtSNswo&amp;feature=youtu.be Phonics Activities. (2018, May 11). Retrieved May 12, 2020, from https://www.themeasuredmom.com/word-families/ Phonological &amp; Phonemic Awareness - Reading Connection. (n.d.). Retrieved May 8, 2020, from https://sites.google.com/a/uwosh.edu/reading-connection/home/phonemic-awareness Phonological and Phonemic Awareness. (2020). Retrieved May 9, 2020, from https://www.readingrockets.org/teaching/reading-basics/phonemic Read Charlotte. (2017, January 7). The ABCs of Active Reading [Video file].&nbsp;YouTube. Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lLmloCC-0rM&amp;feature=youtu.be Staff, W. (2017, July 20). 5 Effective Strategies for Teaching Decoding Skills. Retrieved May 10, 2020, from https://www.weareteachers.com/5-effective-strategies-for-teaching-decoding-skills/ The Time4Learning Team. (2019, August 5). Examples of Reading Goals for Students. Retrieved May 5, 2020, from https://www.time4learning.com/blog/tips-worksheets/reading-goals-for-students/ Zekiel, E. (2018).&nbsp;Middleburg United Methodist Church&nbsp;[Photograph]. Retrieved from http://www.middleburgunitedmethodistchurch.org/TheBookGroup#

Directional Tracking is essential for reading success. It is the movement of the eyes from left to right across a page to process all the letters in order If your child is skipping words, lines, the end of words, reading the letters out of order, or find single words/flashcards easier to read than lines of text, they might have difficulties with directional tracking Some ways to support your child are: Having your child use your finger, their finger, a pencil or a toothpick to keep track of where they are

Eye-Tracking Difficulties

Active Reading &amp; How You Can Help Your Child at Home

Vision-watch for headaches, squinting, sitting too close to screens Vision screenings are given at the school in 1st, 3rd, and 5th grades The link below has more detailed information about vision issues in children Dr. Susan Lake is a local Optometrist that I highly recommend-<a href="https://www.eyecarespecialties.biz/team/dr-susan-lake/">https://www.eyecarespecialties.biz/team/dr-susan-lake/</a>

Vision Problems of School-Age Children

Phonics is the relationship between sounds and written symbols. It focuses on teaching sound-spelling relationships and is associated with print. (Blevins, n.d.)

-For young children, stretch the word out and then have them repeat you, then say it regular ffffuuuunnnn-fun -Explain what blending is to them in a way that they will understand -Model smooth blending -Have the child take a breathe before sounding out the word -Have the child sing as they are sounding out the word

Christa Bell-Library Media Specialist-bellc@huskersk12.org Website-<a href="https://lafayette-county-c-1-libraries.webnode.com/">https://lafayette-county-c-1-libraries.webnode.com/</a> Many resources can be found on this webpage and also our Library's Facebook Page- Husker Library Page-<a href="https://www.facebook.com/Husker-Library-Page-102746798054770/">https://www.facebook.com/Husker-Library-Page-102746798054770/</a> Other Contact Information Beth Golden-Instructional Coach-goldenb@huskersk12.org Angela Russell-Title 1 Reading-russella@huskersk12.org Angie Meineka-Title 1 Reading-meineka@huskersk12.org Jen Tieman-Nurse-tiemanj@huskersk12.org Blair Hunter-Speech Pathologist-hunterb@huskersk12.org Jennifer Hayes-Principal-hayesje@huskersk12.org School Phone Number-(660)584-7127

Heitin, L. (2019, February 20). How Should Reading Be Taught in a Digital Era? Retrieved May 18, 2020, from https://www.edweek.org/ew/articles/2016/11/09/how-should-reading-be-taught-in-digital-era.html Helting, G. (2020, May 27). Vision Problems of School-Age Children. Retrieved May 17, 2020, from https://www.allaboutvision.com/parents/schoolage.htm Jen Nz, G. (2017, May 17). 5 Fun Word Games for Vocabulary Practice. Retrieved May 13, 2020, from https://minds-in-bloom.com/5-fun-word-games-for-vocabulary-practice/ Lenz, K. (n.d.). Instruction/Reading Comprehension | Special Connections. Retrieved May 14, 2020, from http://www.specialconnections.ku.edu/?q=instruction/reading_comprehension Margolis, H. (2016, August 1).&nbsp;Is your student having homework struggles? There’s one solution&nbsp;[Photograph]. Retrieved from https://exclusive.multibriefs.com/content/is-your-student-having-homework-struggles-theres-one-solution Marketing Team. (2018, October 18). The Value of Reading Print Over Digital Soft Copy. Retrieved May 18, 2020, from https://replicaprinting.com/2018/10/18/value-reading-print-digital-soft-copy/ Osewalt, G. (2019, October 4). 7 Ways to Improve Reading Fluency. Retrieved May 14, 2020, from https://www.understood.org/en/school-learning/partnering-with-childs-school/instructional-strategies/7-ways-to-improve-reading-fluency Oxford Owl - Learning at Home. (2017, September 26). What is comprehension? | Oxford Owl [Video file].&nbsp;YouTube. Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=q4Y_67GMkP4

-Focus on Tier 2 and Tier 3 words to learn -Use the vocabulary words in context (see it in different books, use it in sentences, hear it in different settings) -Teach word parts to help with other words later (prefixes, suffixes, roots)

Here are some additional links with more ideas for home:

Find out how strong your vocabulary is and learn new words at Vocabulary.com.

5 Fun Word Games for Vocabulary Practice

Online Spelling Games for Kids – Interactive Vocabulary Activities

The process of engaging with the text, looking beyond the surface words for deeper meanings, connections to our own lives, and disagreements we have with the topic as presented by the author, and with the intent to learn something from the reading (Chegg.com, 2018).

-Model reading for pleasure yourself -Talk to your child about what you are reading and what they are reading -Read a book together that you will both enjoy -Read when your child is reading -Read to your child each night -Make visits to the library together -Sign up for Reading Challenges at the public libraries -Start a book club with family members or friends or join one -Show them how to find books that interest them

Words can be classified into 3 Tiers Tier 1 words are words typically learned at home through play and don't need to be taught (for example-mom, toy, dog) Tier 2 words are words in books and need to be taught at school but are used frequently across subjects and situations (for example-read, listen, examine, describe) Tier 3 words are words that are content specific and are usually found in glossaries (for example-scientific method, geode, verb, acute angle) Research suggests a strong link between a good vocabulary in early childhood and success in school and later in life (Advancement Courses, n.d.)

Comprehension-The process of building meaning from a text (Lenz, n.d.)

What is comprehension? | Oxford Owl

• The words and meanings an individual knows and easily uses • The group of words used by a group of people, such as the words associated with the dialect of a particular region or group of people. (Who knows what a bubbler is?) This definition can even evolve in the lingo developed by a group of friends or coworkers who develop an almost shorthand way of speaking due to common experiences • The collection of words associated with a particular field of study or interest, such as the words used in particular fields of science or geography or cooking or sports (Advancement Courses, n.d.)

“There is more treasure in books than in all the pirate’s loot on Treasure Island.”&nbsp;– Walt Disney Helping your child learn at home can be challenging at any age. I am hoping this book provides you with some new information that can help you to understand the reading process more and to offer you strategies and resources that you can use at home with your child. It is designed for you to be able to quickly access the information or focus area that you may want to revisit later. Reader's Note-Based on what type of computer you are on, depends on how the links will open for you. You will either have to click, double click or right click the link or play icon for them to open.

Moving your eyes over the words with the intent of finishing the reading without engaging the brain; the eyes may see the words, but the words, and much less the meaning, may not register with the brain (Chegg.com, 2018).

-Practice orally segmenting sounds within a word Tell me the sounds in the word ‘dog’ The kid should say /d/ /aw/ /g/ -Play ‘sound changing’ games where you tell the child a word and give him some instructions on how to change it “ Say _____ without the ____ sound” Say 'ring’ without the /r/…. and the kid should say ‘ing’ Or “how would you say ____ if the /__/ sound was change to /__/? How would you say cat if the /k/ was changed to /r/? (the kid should say rat)

There are expectations that you can setup ahead of time to improve your child's experience with digital content. Here are some suggestions: &nbsp;Decrease the brightness on your screen to as much as the room you are in allows. This will allow you to read with more comfort and for longer periods of time. Make sure everything else is closed or silenced other than what you are focusing on reading. Use your finger or a Q-tip to track your reading. Adjust font size if it is too small. Use a black background with a white font, if possible.

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