Curriculum-Driven Technology Decisions - Advancement Courses assignment 

Curriculum-Driven Tech Decisions

Setting Yourself Up for Success - Student Element

Before any meaningful learning can occur through the integration of technology, you have to first set the stage for student success. You have to ensure that each and every student is able to comport themselves as a positive and appropriate digital citizen. What is digital citizenship? "A person who develops the skills and knowledge to effectively use the Internet and other digital technology, especially in order to participate responsibility in social and civic activities." (What Is Digital Citizenship? | Common Sense Education, 2018) Exhibiting positive digital citizenship does not happen by accident, it is intentionally taught to each student. In our district, these concepts are taught in our technology classes. Each student that has attended SPS has been introduced to the idea of digital citizenship, but reiterating these concepts before integrating technology will set the stage for a positive academic year.

<a href="bookcreator://page/8LmRwQ6xSIeUUmiOx8kGGw">Table of Contents</a>

Sidney Public Schools. (2021, June 14). 1000 - Policy Overview and Mission and Belief Statements - Google Drive. Drive.google.com. https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/0B0vfztWSz6BEMmp2ejZKWW1ZSG8?resourcekey=0-kDMVVHxaN7usDeIIy2KxOw Spencer, J. (2015, November 3). What is the SAMR Model and what does it look like in schools? YouTube. https://youtu.be/SC5ARwUkVQg Tech Edges. (2015, November 16). R.A.T. Model. Dr. Joan E. Hughes | TechEdges | Technology Integration Research. https://techedges.org/r-a-t-model/ The ISTE Standards | ISTE. (2022). Www.iste.org. https://www.iste.org/iste-standards TPACK.ORG. (n.d.). Tpack.org. http://tpack.org/ U.S. Copyright Office. (2019). More Information on Fair Use | U.S. Copyright Office. Copyright.gov. https://www.copyright.gov/fair-use/more-info.html U.S. Department of Education. (2021). Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act (FERPA). U.S. Department of Education. https://doi.org/http://www.ed.gov/policy/gen/guid/fpco/ferpa/index.html What Is Digital Citizenship? | Common Sense Education. (2018, August 16). Common Sense Education. https://www.commonsense.org/education/videos/what-is-digital-citizenship

Technology in the Classroom - Priorities to Consider Cont.

Inclusive / Accessible Will the potential technology make your classroom more inclusive? Will your entire student body be represented and included in the content? "Effective technology integration can help provide all learners the ability to access the general education curriculum, offering them multiple means to complete their work with greater ease and independence..." (Fouzia Khursheed Ahmad, 2015) In order to promote and obtain an inclusive online environment you have to consider one of the three A's of Equity - Accessibility. Adaptable When selecting technology it is important to consider the technologies adaptability. Does this tool have the ability to differentiate the content that it is delivering? Is there a review area to utilize after a concept has been previously taught? Finally, does this tool have the ability to analyze data that the user inputs to differentiate instruction automatically? (Advancement Courses, 2022e)

Synthesis-Based "Synthesis requires the merging of at least two ideas." (Advancement Courses, 2022a) Synthesis-based assessments require a deeper level of understanding rather than a simple summative assessment. They take into consideration a given known and ask the student to prove their knowledge including resources beyond those provided to prove their concept mastery. Evaluation-Based "...Evaluation can be used to create assessments that demand unique responses from students." (Advancement Courses, 2022a) Evaluation-based assessments require students to evaluate an outside source and compare it to their individual understanding of the content. Creation- Based "Students get a prompt, a rubric, maybe a time limit, and that's about it." (Advancement Courses, 2022a) Creation-based assessments require the highest level of understanding as well as the greatest amount of freedom in learning. This assessment type can truly engage the student in their learning. It also lends itself to interpretation, so it is an assessment type that requires patience and flexibility.

Advancement Courses. (2022a). Assessments, Surveys, and Data Galore. Elearning.easygenerator.com. https://elearning.easygenerator.com/39461404-18f3-4c34-9306-9c7b0b363c58/#section/f6748344c8154dccbb35511c46bb0aef/question/1f3bf18dda844b6ba154afc1c3013a6a Advancement Courses. (2022b, July 21). Meaningful Technology Integration for Classroom Learning. Elearning.easygenerator.com. https://elearning.easygenerator.com/a78a920c-667f-4acc-a207-f7db9ad05996/ Advancement Courses. (2022c, July 23). Educational Technology Choices and Curriculum. Elearning.easygenerator.com. https://elearning.easygenerator.com/94041ee0-90a5-4c49-872f-e9949b26b14b/ Advancement Courses. (2022d, July 23). The Big Picture Pieces of Ed Tech Decisions. Elearning.easygenerator.com. https://elearning.easygenerator.com/c39ff2b3-1fa2-400a-8c69-254f8de80e63/?_ga=2.205271257.875985778.1628002307-2120366603.1602856865#section/e083905c9eb04a45b7965653e8d1340e/question/b35380b7c80846c5b06ec2258016d43f Advancement Courses. (2022e, August 11). Education Technology That Supports Learning. Elearning.easygenerator.com. https://elearning.easygenerator.com/c39ff2b3-1fa2-400a-8c69-254f8de80e63/?_ga=2.205271257.875985778.1628002307-2120366603.1602856865#section/21d6c58003e64c45ac6a79ac91c89771/question/324daf4d68054e83ae14682fba3fcbcd

*  (The Book Creator program would not allow me to align my references in proper APA format, it automatically left aligned each reference, I apologize for that aspect.)

<a href="bookcreator://page/T6IozMCQSdagAF4FTSVNWg">Cover</a> <a href="bookcreator://page/abFMmarpR5iN7S-GDDcnew">Preface</a> <a href="bookcreator://page/8LmRwQ6xSIeUUmiOx8kGGw">Table of Contents</a> <a href="bookcreator://page/sg4ezIs9Twq6G8qKB0MTwQ">Introduction</a> <a href="bookcreator://page/PJfLmRedQzCh0cvyi7cTkg">Technology Integration - Overview</a> <a href="bookcreator://page/lrG725BKQwG8cUN_ZJ2zdw">Technology in the Classroom - Priorities to Consider</a> <a href="bookcreator://page/yvZlbAPbS4OJ1rbNWTPbTg">Roles and Responsibilities of Technology Integration</a> <a href="bookcreator://page/Jg3KeXXwSR6kFvbYAz0Yqg">Legalities - FERPA, CIPA, COPPA</a> <a href="bookcreator://page/kq9IcEA6QieiUwpErDSaXA">Legalities - Copyright</a> <a href="bookcreator://page/BjqNV5SBRkaKU9GB_uJnVQ">Legalities - Student Understanding</a> <a href="bookcreator://page/qi8Xw6hiS6CaDs_Cw9h9Fg">Vision, Mission, Goals, &amp; Objectives</a> <a href="bookcreator://page/FmuIu-L4Q3uWXth_8KyV6Q">Standard Alignment - ISTE / NE State Standards</a> <a href="bookcreator://page/gIRxeBvBRkatDv23SYlP6A">Universal Design for Learning </a> <a href="bookcreator://page/D5jCdpkVQo-M6tdeP6SMbA">SAMR</a> <a href="bookcreator://page/CdmxJ84RRFmuL1gxluEtDQ">RAT</a> <a href="bookcreator://page/INwDMUPSRRqFQozutm3uCA">PIC-RAT</a> <a href="bookcreator://page/LOa35IdwRAyb7AbFizBDZQ">TPACK</a> <a href="bookcreator://page/14Ht4KPdRYejiQ5OyQh48A">Digital Citizenship</a> <a href="bookcreator://page/Ac-thJDVRe6CjN-7bvivvQ">LMS / SSO</a> <a href="bookcreator://page/vqzEGuWSSiunc28cKLDwkQ">Digital Assessments - The Constant</a>

Course Requirements <a href="bookcreator://page/Kipy8Nf0TxecDwL9GZeLDw">Previous Artifacts / Implementation Plan</a> <a href="bookcreator://page/7mHUhSH6R6GNpGyixJgmZg">References</a> <a href="https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSeKbuT7vLI6CvRXBZGpDViVXK4TTxTFaLPU-92s50lGKAV9MA/viewform?usp=sf_link">Check for Understanding</a>

LMS - Learning Management System This is the home or main access point for all digital learning. This is the area where students can access digital content, view missing assignments, and access curriculum data that the teacher provides. (Advancement Courses, 2022b) At SPS, we use Google Classroom as our LMS. Teacher Tool Belt A teacher tool belt is a selection of technology items that can be utilized in the classroom. It can be as simple as a list of online resources that an individual teacher can access or it can be a universal resource available to an entire district. At SPS, we have access to a universal resource, the application Clever acts as a tool belt that organizes all of our subscribed resources. This program also acts as a SSO (Single Sign On) for students and staff alike to access.

Angelou, M. (2019). A quote by Maya Angelou. Goodreads.com. https://www.goodreads.com/quotes/7273813-do-the-best-you-can-until-you-know-better-then Burns, M. (2022, July 1). 5 Questions to Help You Make Edtech Decisions. Edutopia. https://www.edutopia.org/article/5-questions-help-you-make-edtech-decisions CAST. (2018). UDL: Representation. Udlguidelines.cast.org. https://udlguidelines.cast.org/representation Edupedia. (n.d.). What is the RAT Model? Edupedia. Retrieved August 11, 2022, from https://www.theedadvocate.org/edupedia/content/what-is-the-rat-model/#:~:text=The%20RAT%20Model%2C%20developed%20by Edutopia. (2007, November 6). What is successful technology integration? Edutopia; George Lucas Educational Foundation. https://www.edutopia.org/technology-integration-guide-description Federal Communications Commission. (2019, March 12). Children’s Internet Protection Act (CIPA). Federal Communications Commission. https://www.fcc.gov/consumers/guides/childrens-internet-protection-act

Student Understanding Additionally, it is the educators responsibility to teach their student population about copyright laws before inviting them to research and report. Spending the time ensuring students are appropriately citing all intellectual property and utilizing technology in a legal manner is imperative. If an educator or student violates copyright law, the results could be extreme. (Advancement Courses, 2022d)

RAT - Replacement - Amplification - Transformation Similar to the SAMR model, the RAT model begins at the most basic level of replacing traditional media with a digital form. It then navigates to amplification. During the amplification stage of integration, the "task remains fundamentally the same, but the use of technology increases efficiency, effectiveness, and productivity." (Edupedia, n.d.) Finally, the educator can utilize technology to "transform" their entire educational process from instruction through assessment.

SAMR - Substitution - Augmentation - Modification - Redefinition This method of technology integration breaks down the teaching / implementation process into manageable and easy to understand steps. It can serve as a roadmap for educators to follow on their path to technology integration. Substitution - Simply substitute technology in place of a traditional activity or material - online textbook instead of print copy. This is the most basic step of enhancing a students learning. Augmentation - Augmentation dives a bit deeper. This level of technology integration utilizes an online platform that will deliver feedback in response to student submissions - Examples could include: a Google Form quiz, Scootpad, or Blooket. Modification - This is the first step in transforming a traditional task. In the modification step you take an assigned task and incorporate technology to aid students in their demonstration of knowledge. Using Book Creator to create a synopsis of what they learned as a summative report could be an example of modification on the SAMR model. Redefinition - The deepest level of transformative instruction on the SAMR model. Redefinition pulls apart the concepts behind the lesson / content and steps away from traditional assessment practices. This step in the SAMR model allows for the greatest amount of creative fluidity; it allows student to present their attained knowledge in their own way. Rubrics are often used in this step as a guide for students to follow. (Advancement Courses, 2022d)

Setting yourself up for success - Digital Citizenship - Student Links

Student Digital Learning Agreement - Grades 6-12 - English and Spanish.pdf

To begin utilizing technology in the classroom, it is a good idea to review expectations set in your district as well as classroom. Below is a link to a digital citizenship contract that will help to remind students of the digital expectations they have learned previously at SPS. Digital Citizen Learning Agreement (What Is Digital Citizenship? | Common Sense Education, 2018)

<a href="https://www.iste.org/iste-standards">ISTE Standards - International Society for Technology in Education</a> The ISTE standards are a set of criterion that help to guide the integration of technology. They are broken into five subgroups based on individual involvement. These subgroups are: Student, Educator, Education Leader, Coach, and Computational Thinking Competencies for Educators. These standards help each individual involved become critical thinkers in regards to educational technology. (Advancement Courses, 2022c) <a href="https://www.education.ne.gov/wp-content/uploads/2018/04/NEK12Tech.pdf">Nebraska Technology Standards</a> The state of Nebraska has taken the extra step in helping educators incorporate technology into their everyday practices. The Nebraska Technology Standards break down the components of technology integration by content as well as grade level. These standards also provide a guideline for Nebraska educators to weave technology into their general content. (NDE, 2017)

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In addition to this artifact, there is a great deal more to learn about technology integration. For example, technology implementation not only affects your daily lessons that are curriculum centered, but there is also a plethora of skills that will be utilized beyond that of completing assignments.&nbsp; There are a great deal of advantages to our hidden curriculum as well as our latent curriculum that are not discussed with our student body, rather these lessons are integrated without planning for their occurrence. Please follow the link below to check your understanding on a few items from this artifact and provide feedback if you would be so kind. <a href="https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSeKbuT7vLI6CvRXBZGpDViVXK4TTxTFaLPU-92s50lGKAV9MA/viewform?usp=sf_link">Check for Understanding</a>

PICRAT for Effective Technology Integration in Teaching

PIC-RAT - Passive - Interactive - Creative - Replaces - Amplifies - Transforms We need to meet each student as well as each teacher at their own technology level, and PIC-RAT is the epitome of that idea.&nbsp;This particular framework addresses these needs from the very beginning.&nbsp;There is a provided matrix that helps the educator visualize the framework as they integrate technology throughout their curriculum.&nbsp;Secondly, this framework allows for educators as a collective to discuss the best ways to integrate technology to ensure they are using it to its maximum potential. (Advancement Courses, 2022c)

FERPA - Family Education Rights and Privacy Act This is a federal law that protects the privacy of student education records. (U.S. Department of Education, 2021) This law requires written permission for student's educational records to be released. This law applies to all educational institutes that receive federal funding. CIPA - Children's Internet Protection Act This act ensures that schools possess and utilize an internet filter. This filter must block a student's access to inappropriate images (obscene, child pornography, harmful images). This act also requires educational institutes to monitor minor student's online activities as well. (Federal Communications Commission, 2019) COPPA - Children's Online Privacy and Protection Act This act requires technology companies to seek parental permission to collect data and personal information from kids under 13 years old. (Knutson, 2018) This act is especially important for elementary teachers to know and understand.

<a href="https://docs.google.com/document/d/1d__fXgLn5qqcJLYD2iNB_MuJISagKbVjYTZcQ6IGPkc/edit?usp=sharing">Module 2 Checkpoint</a> <a href="https://docs.google.com/document/d/1nPpYKzoHd4TRDibmRWj34jl371ReRtW83Q0znxtEb7M/edit?usp=sharing">Module 3 Checkpoint</a> <a href="https://docs.google.com/document/d/1eOm2HutJ5MDSlyB1dbODSaYINP72P0HqMzAZSP8p91o/edit?usp=sharing">Final Project Reflection / Implementation Plan</a> <a href="https://docs.google.com/document/d/1A4bXZUbZMkSjkn0fdbwxO1exDJe-0NO9jkfjwS1XF-o/edit?usp=sharing">Forum 1 Responses</a> <a href="https://docs.google.com/document/d/1awRjy1QD-hrSZN2OUJFcVQbVira7L5rW7gBqWeuxkPQ/edit?usp=sharing">Forum 2 Responses</a> <a href="https://docs.google.com/document/d/1wiNAf-knuFP5I6V1un65rx2sJxPyyvYBdKJl5KvTWgE/edit?usp=sharing">Forum 3 Responses</a> <a href="https://docs.google.com/document/d/1XfFLhIDPQth4YVE_oyPySHlwEyafDKA9YzVZNXH6kzo/edit?usp=sharing">Forum 4 Responses</a> <a href="https://docs.google.com/document/d/1Tbwar1WnXUAaDqamQmU5XH6aX594fdghIhy-7_u0a9I/edit?usp=sharing">Forum 5 Responses</a>

Classroom Objectives Your daily objectives help to direct your teaching practices. They inform students daily as to the "why" of each lesson. Classroom objectives can and are used for core content, but with the increase of technology in the classroom, it is also important to describe your technology objectives as they relate to your instruction.

TPACK - Technological Pedagogical and Content Knowledge This method of technology integration is the idea of taking your content knowledge and teaching pedagogy and incorporating technology. Rather than looking at each of these sub categories as a single item, TPACK looks at the idea of blending them together and demonstrates that they all work together in their own way for each individual and there is no constant to rely upon. Rather, the interweaving of technology, pedagogy, and content is fluid and changing. "...every situation is unique, and no single combination of content, technology, and pedagogy will apply for every teacher, every course, or every view of teaching." (TPACK.ORG, n.d)

Technology Integration - What is it really?

Educational practices are changing at a rapid pace. In this 21st century, curriculum can still be accessed in a traditional print format; but it can also be accessed online. Technology integration is the idea of transferring your classroom content to an online platform.

By transferring your content online, you are able to create a curriculum that is multi-faceted. The content that you are delivering to your student population can be transformed; lessons can draw the student in through engaging activities, data can be analyzed and results immediately delivered to students and parents, and instruction can be tailored to accommodate the needs and interests of each student as an individual. Through technology integration, the entire world can become your classroom...

Access Is the technology that you will utilize available to all? All students must have equitable access to your chosen technology. (Advancement Courses, 2022e)

Effective Is the technology you are looking to implement effective in the educational realm? Will the implementation of this particular technology elevate the learning process? These are questions that need to be asked when determining whether or not you would like to utilize a particular technology. Equity - Three A's Consider the, "Three A's: access, accessibility, and adaptability" (Advancement Courses, 2022c)

Making Curriculum-Driven Technology Decisions Student: Sarah Bish Facilitator: Heather Mulligan Date: August 1, 2022

"Do not confine your children to your own learning, for they were born in another time." - Chinese Proverb

UDL is an overarching framework that helps educators create their online platform. "It supports learners by being inviting, engaging, and as effective as possible for learners who have different needs, styles, and interests."(Advancement Courses, 2022b) This design presents information in as many ways as possible to reach as many students as possible. Universal Design for Learning addresses how content is delivered as well as how students are able to respond to that content. It combines teaching pedagogy with learning modalities to ensure all students needs are being met. When utilizing technology, an educator is able to look at the universal design for learning from every angle. They are able to design their instruction to offer multiple means of expression, representation, and engagement. Once your district and classroom vision have been set, you can utilize technology to engage in your day to day activities to reach your overall vision. Often times, your mission statement will help guide your daily activities.

When thinking of how you can incorporate more technology into your instruction, you want to be practical in your planning and implementation. Before utilizing a new idea you must ask yourself, "Is this tool going to help me reach a certain goal or objective?" If the technology that you are interested in will enhance the content and if it is readily available you, go for it!

Roles and Responsibilities of Technology Integration Cont.

Teachers It is the teachers responsibility to use the technology to enhance the learning experience. Teachers use the chosen technologies to plan lessons, execute delivery of academic instruction, track and deliver data to all stakeholders, and increase engagement and learning. They are essentially the stakeholder that has the most hands-on practice with the selected technologies.

Students The students are the stakeholders that are responsible for the "intake" of the material. They are the ones that have to engage with the technologies to advance their own individual learning. They are also the ones that will lead all other stakeholders towards or away from an academic technology through the feedback they provide regarding the selected technology. If the tool is uninteresting or if a student feels they are not learning, they need to be able to let their administration and teachers know. (Advancement Courses, 2022b)

Fouzia Khursheed Ahmad. (2015). Use of Assistive Technology in Inclusive Education: Making Room for Diverse Learning Needs. https://www2.hu-berlin.de/transcience/Vol6_No2_62_77.pdf Harris, M., &amp; Ed.D. (2018, November 8). Educational Technology Standards and Frameworks. The International EdTech Blog with Matt Harris Ed.D. https://mattharrisedd.com/2018/11/09/educational-technology-standards-frameworks/#:~:text=The%20Learning%20Technology%20Framework Kimmons, R., Graham, C., &amp; West, R. (2020). PICRAT Matrix. Roycekimmons.com. http://roycekimmons.com/tools/picrat Knutson, J. (2018, October 25). What Is COPPA? Common Sense Education. https://www.commonsense.org/education/articles/what-is-coppa Koehler, M. (2011, May 11). TPACK.ORG. Tpack.org. http://tpack.org/ Lagola, K. (2021, March 22). A Teacher’s Guide to Copyright and Fair Use. Edutopia. https://www.edutopia.org/article/teachers-guide-copyright-and-fair-use NDE. (2017).&nbsp;NEBRASKA K-12 TECHNOLOGY Scope &amp; Sequence NEBRASKA K-12 TECHNOLOGY Scope &amp; Sequence. https://www.education.ne.gov/wp-content/uploads/2018/04/NEK12Tech.pdf

Copyright Laws Copyright laws, "protect all original creative work in a fixed form; the moment a work is created, it is protected." (Lagola, 2021) This protection begins when the original work is created and lasts the duration of the authors life plus seventy years. In regards to educational use of copyrighted material, it is important for educators to understand how and what they are able to use in their instructional practices both in print and online. Educators at SPS (a public non-profit school) are able to use copyrighted material found online if it is for instructional purposes only. For example, referencing an article for students to read online or linking a video to your Google Classroom is an appropriate use of technology. Beyond copyrighted material, there is an expansive collection of public domain works that are usable to all without copyright infringement. If you are concerned about copyright infringement, you are always able to use these works.

Technology in the Classroom - Priorities to Consider

The online world of resources is vast, in order to narrow down your potential technologies, you need to compare them to a set of criteria. To ensure your selection is best suited to your institution, you need to consider a programs: safety, consistency, effectiveness, equity, access, inclusiveness / accessibility, and adaptability. Safety To begin the process of utilizing technology in your classroom, you have to set a precedent. All technology that is used in education must place safety above all. A student's privacy and online safety must be maintained at all times. If your selected technology compromises a students safety or well-being, it must not be used. A sign of quality technology in the classroom is one that ensures a student is safe at all times. Consistent Is this technology consistent across multiple platforms? When determining if a particular technology is worthwhile in the world of education, consistency across multiple platforms needs to be an area to be evaluated. (Advancement Courses, 2022e)

Introduction to the SAMR Model | Common Sense Education

District Vision &amp; Mission Each district has an overarching vision. This is usually a broad idea that encompasses the daily activities of the institution. It is the ultimate goal of your school. To achieve your districts vision, a mission statement is set and your yearly professional development, and personal professional development plans are tailored to meet that mission. At SPS, our mission statement is as follows, "The mission of the Sidney Public Schools is to develop confident and powerful learners." (Sidney Public Schools, 2021) Beyond our district mission statement, we have belief statements that address more specific items. Referenced in these beliefs is one particular belief that fuels our technology integration. "We believe that education must provide the skills and knowledge necessary to seek opportunities in an ever-changing world." (Sidney Public Schools, 2021) It is this district belief that fuels our technology integration decisions each year.

Classroom Vision &amp; Mission To strive to meet your district vision and mission, individual classroom vision and mission statements can be created. This is where you can set professional goals for your individual classrooms - where you can strive to increase your technology usage in a positive manner.

"Do the best you can until you know better. Then when you know better, do better." (Angelou, 2019) This idea introduced by Maya Angelou and reiterated through the Advancement Course will be the cornerstone for this artifact. In education, leaders lead, teachers teach, and students learn. There is an ebb and a flow to each and every academic year, school is constant and predictable. However, in this 21st century, that predictable pattern is changing. Students are changing, society is changing... We as educators must also change; we must alter our teaching practices to accommodate the 21st century student.

Regardless of the technology resource you choose to utilize in your instruction, there is one universal constant. Assessments that are delivered digitally offer superior data collection abilities over their traditional education predecessors. Below are three assessment types that are integral to a quality education. By incorporating technology into these assessments, an educator is able to open the door to knowledge and understanding; the amount of information a student will be able to utilize and reference in completing these assessments is limitless.

Roles and Responsibilities of Technology Integration

First and foremost, when discussing technology integration, you must know your role. Each individual within the educational system plays a specific role in the selection and implementation of technology within the school setting.

Administrators

Technology Department

Administrators are the cornerstone of technology implementation. They are responsible for creating the vision. They need to look beyond the day to day implementation and determine what the ultimate goal will be. Once they have determined what the overall goal is that they seek to achieve, they are responsible for determining the budget that is available to achieve their vision. From that point, they are responsible for selecting the technology that will be utilized and determining the best way to train their staff.

The technology department is the next big player in the technology integration process. The technology department has the responsibility of ensuring the technology works correctly and can help others with troubleshooting. They ensure that the connection between user and platform is seamless. "The technology department is less concerned with curriculum alignment and learning goals and more with technological security, compliance, safety, and privacy." (Advancement Courses, 2022A)