Nicosia Guide

Classic Motorcycle Museum

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Gallery of Contemporary Art

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ARCHAEOLOGICAL, LEVENTIS, ETHNOLOGICAL, RAILWAY, MOTORCYCLE, FAIRYTALE, CONTEMPORARY ART

The Cyprus Museum in Nicosia (known as the Cyprus Archaeological Museum) is the oldest and largest museum of its kind on the island, housing artefacts discovered during local excavations.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; The Leventis Museum is another historical museum reflecting the development of Nicosia from the Chalcolithic through the Medieval and Ottoman eras to the present day. It has collections of archaeological artefacts, costumes, photographs, pottery, maps, engravings, jewels, furniture, publications and paintings. Nearby is ‘The House of Hadjigeorgakis Kornesios’ or Ethnological Museum, a great example of urban architecture under the Ottoman rule in the 18th century. Kornesios was a local Christian holding the prestigious position of the interpreter for the Sultan. Additional noteworthy museums are the Classic Motorcycle Museum with a collection of motorcycles dated to 1914, and the Fairytale Museum hosting interactive tours and workshops. Still in the Nicosia district, up in the Troodos mountains, is the Railway Museum displaying documents, drawings, photographs and other objects related to the Cyprus railways (1905-1951). Finally, at the State Gallery of Contemporary Art one can see paintings and sculptures by 20th century Cypriot artists. ◾

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Prior to the Turkish invasion, the north part of Nicosia was seeing great development. An indication of this was the Nicosia International Airport, located few miles from the walled city. It was originally the main airport of the island but, since its occupation in 1974, it has stopped operation. In fact,&nbsp;the airport was the scene of some of the heaviest fighting between Cypriot and Turkish forces at the time.&nbsp; North rural Nicosia also flourished before 1974 especially in terms agricultural activities, but many villages and towns around the urban area became occupied at the time. Some villages where our students’ family and teachers are from include Gerolakkos, known for its wheat cultivation and special building stone, Katokopia where the Cyprus Government Railway used to pass through during the British era, and Argaki, known for its delicious citrus fruits (e.g. oranges, grapefruits, lemons, etc.). ◾

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Nicosia International Airport, after 1974

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Nicosia International Airport, before 1974

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Barricade separating the free and the occupied sectors of Nicosia.

As a strategic location in the Mediterranean, Cyprus was occupied by several major powers and empires in its long history, before becoming independent in 1960. However, in the summer of 1974, a Turkish invasion resulted in the division of the island in two parts. The north part (about 36% of the island), is occupied by Turkish troops and administered by an illegally self-declared state. The other part is administered by the official and internationally recognized Cypriot government. With Nicosia located at the heart of Cyprus, the city was also divided into two areas with the ‘Green Line’, that is the demilitarized United Nations Buffer Zone. So in 2022 Nicosia remains Europe's last divided capital city.&nbsp;◾

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Flaouna is a cheese-filled bread which is traditionally prepared by Cypriots as a celebratory food for the Eastern Orthodox Easter. Preparing the flaounas is often a family tradition shared with multiple generations.

METHOD 1. Prepare the filling the night before baking. Start off by grating the cheese. Add the beaten eggs, the raisins, the mint, the mastic, mahlab and the semolina and mix thoroughly. Cover it with a cloth and place in the fridge overnight. 2. Next off start preparing the dough. In a large bowl sift the flour, add the salt, baking powder, the mahlab, mastic and mix thoroughly. 4. Add the liquid ingredients to the butter and eggs and gently mix the dough. Dissolve the yeast in&nbsp;the warm water with the sugar, pour into the dough and then add the warm milk. 5. Continue kneading the dough for a few minutes until the texture is firm. Cover the dough mix with some cling film and let it rise for 1-2 hours. 6. Get the filling mixture out of the fridge and add the remaining mixture ingredients. Mix thoroughly and set it aside. Pour the flaouna dough out of the bowl and roll out in thin sheets. Cut into 12 by 12 cm rectangles. Sprinkle the sesame seeds on a small plate with approximately the same size as the flaouna dough rectangles. 7. Glaze the outer side of the flaouna dough with the whisked eggs and press it down on the sesame seeds. Grab a handful of the cheese filling and form a ball. Place in the centre of the dough, glaze the edges with a little more whisked egg and fold, pinching the corners together to form the shape. 8. Once your flaounas are shaped, place them on a baking tray lined with grease proof paper, let them rise for about 30-45 minutes and then bake in a pre-heated oven at 200C for about 40 minutes.

INGREDIENTS For the dough 500g&nbsp;plain flour 2&nbsp;eggs 1 tsp&nbsp;baking powder 1 tsp&nbsp;ground Mahlab 1 tsp&nbsp;ground Mastic 1 tsp&nbsp;of sugar 125g&nbsp;butter, melted 1&nbsp;sachet easy bake yeast a pinch of&nbsp;salt 80ml warm milk for kneading 60ml warm water For the filling and glazing 250g haloumi and 250g mild cheddar 1/4 cup&nbsp;semolina 2&nbsp;eggs 1 tsp&nbsp;baking powder 1 tsp&nbsp;mahlab 1 tsp&nbsp;mastic 1 tsp&nbsp;chopped fresh mint 120g&nbsp;raisins 1&nbsp;egg, whisked&nbsp;(for the glazing) 1/2 cups&nbsp;sesame seeds (for the glazing)

Most sports in Cyprus are governed by associations and federations under the official body of Cyprus Sport Organisation. Nicosia hosts many of the major sports premises of the island. G.S.P. Stadium which opened in 1999, is the largest football stadium in Cyprus. It serves as the home stadium of several succesful Nicosia-based football clubs such as Apoel and Omonia, and the country's national team. Opened in 1978, Makario Stadium is an older operating multi-purpose stadium in the capital, also used for football matches. Football, which was introduced to Cyprus during the British era, is indeed the most popular sport in the island, with many children, especially boys, attending football academies from a very young age. Tennis, is another sport that has received much attention in the recent years due to the Cypriot player's Marcos Baghdatis success in international tennis tournaments. Nicosia houses a considerable number of tennis clubs and academies for all ages. In terms of indoor sports, some of the largest indoor gym centers in the city include the Eleftheria Gym, Lefkotheo Gym and the Gymnastics Coaching Center. We should also mention the Municipal Swimming Pool which has been around since 1989. ◾

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Cathedral of Saint Sophia A central point in the occupied walled city is the former Christian Cathedral of St Sophia. It was built in the medieval time by the Latins (13th century) and converted into a mosque (Selimiye Mosque) during the Ottoman period (16th century). It is the largest and oldest surviving Gothic church in Cyprus and the largest surviving historical building in Nicosia. ◾

Kyrenia Gate Kyrenia Gate, which was used for transport to the northern areas of the island, is in the occupied part of Nicosia.&nbsp;

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Nicosia is surrounded by a series of medieval defensive walls, known as the ‘Venetian walls’. They were last rebuilt in the 16th century. They have the shape of a star with eleven bastions and three gates: Kyrenia Gate (North), Paphos Gate (West) and Famagousta Gate (East).

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Ledra (Lidras) Street Roadblock Following the Turkish invasion in 1974, several roadblocks were set up through the United Nations Buffer Zone.&nbsp;

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Perhaps the most known roadblock is that on Ledra street, one of the busiest streets within the walled city.&nbsp;

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The roadblock was reopened as a crossing point after 34 years in 2008, following agreement of Greek Cypriot and Turkish Cypriot officials.&nbsp;

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Cypriots love food, especially the 'meze', a selection of hot and cold dishes! The Cypriot cuisine uses all main ingredients of the Mediterranean cuisine but it is also influenced by other cuisines such as the Greek, Turkish and Arab. Across the city and the broader district of Nicosia there are many restaurants and taverns, serving popular traditional dishes such as kebab (souvla and souvlaki), kleftiko (ofton), sheftalia, stuffed vine leaves (koupepia), and taro stew (kolokasi). Particularly famous Cyprus delicacies include halloumi, a cheese that has been produced in the country for many centuries, wine sausages, and green olives with garlic and lemon (elies tsakistes). Traditional drinks include the alcoholic spirit of zivania and the widely known coumandaria wine. The city's confectioneries, bakeries and coffee shops offer, among others, traditional sweets such as honey pie (pita satzis), pastries with sweetened cheese (pourekia anaris) and honey balls (loukoumades). Across the Nicosia countryside, one can taste home-made spoon sweets and preserves, along with soutzoukos, one of Cyprus' oldest and favourite desserts made with grape juice. ◾

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Catholic Church of Holy Cross

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We have already mentioned the Venetian Walls and its gates. In an attempt to protect and maintain the gates, the Nicosia Municipality converted the Famagusta Gate into a Cultural Center. It has since become the core of cultural life of the capital, and it is used for several types of activities (lectures, conferences, screenings, exhibitions, concerts, etc). Pafos Gate, the smallest of the three gates, is much quieter yet the monuments nearby reveal the complex history of Nicosia. The Catholic Church of Holy Cross is such a monument, with its front and back sides facing the free and the occupied areas, respectively. Another point of interest and well-known monument in Nicosia is the Liberty Monument. It was erected in 1973 to honour the fighters of the Greek Cypriot War of Independence (1955-1959), against the British colonial rule.&nbsp; Opposite the Liberty Monument one can see the Nicosia Old Aqueduct (the oldest in the island), built in the 18th century. ◾

We hope you enjoyed getting to know Nicosia, the capital of Cyprus. On behalf of all students of 'Pefkios Georgiadis' Primary School, take care and we look forward to your visit to our historic and beautiful city soon!

http://dim-pefkiosgeorgiadis-lef.schools.ac.cy dim-pefkiosgeorgiadis-lef@schools.ac.cy

When in the old city, you may find your way at Faneromeni Square, at the end of Onasagorou street. The Square is an important historical part of Nicosia, and it takes its name from the Faneromeni Church in its centre. The church, built in the 19th century, is dedicated to the Mother of God, and it is the largest church within the walled city. Next to it, is the Faneromeni School which until recently was still operating as a school but it is now being reformed to house the Department of Architecture of the University of Cyprus. When nearby the Square, it is recommended that you take a break and taste the characteristic Cyprus coffee in one of the several cafés. Yet, the main square in central Nicosia is Eleftheria Square (literally meaning Liberty Square), which is associated with several political and social activities throughout the history of Cyprus. The Square was lately redesigned to better link the old city with the new city. If you are into cycling, you are encouraged to take a guided bike tour of the medieval centre of Nicosia to obtain a more rounded perspective of the city while getting some physical exercise and enjoying Cyprus sun!&nbsp;◾

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Municipal Park The Nicosia Municipal Park is located in the heart of Nicosia and it represents one of the best places in the capital for families to enjoy their weekend. The green areas with different species of birds, fountains, and ponds with water lilies and fish, are beautiful for walks, relaxation and photography. There is also a playground for the children and a cafeteria for the adults. ◾

Xyliatos Dam Xyliatos Dam is located in the village of Xylatios, in the Nicosia district. It is popular among locals and foreigners because of the unique beauty that surrounds it.

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Pedieos is the longest river in Cyprus. It originates in the Troodos Mountains and flows northeast across the Mesaoria plains, through the city of Nicosia. It has a total length of 98km while its maximum depth is 10m.

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Athalassa National Park Athalassa National Forest Park is located southeast of Nicosia and it is an oasis of greenery, with numerous endemic trees, shrubs and herbs.

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With its several trails, the park is ideal for outdoor activities, including hiking, walking and cycling.

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There are also Botanical Gardens and a playground with swings, slides and other equipment, for young children to have fun.

As already mentioned, the Venetian Walls surround Nicosia. The area within the walls is called the ‘old city’. The first city walls were built in the Middle Ages, but they were completely rebuilt in the 16th century by the Republic of Venice. The walls are a top tourist attraction since they are largely intact and are among the best preserved Renaissance fortifications in the Mediterranean. The shape of the wall inspired the design of the Nicosia city logo.&nbsp; The old city center is full of shops, restaurants, cafés, and museums, while its architecture reflects the city’s rich history and culture. Indeed, most of the 18th century public buildings and private residences maintain their charm, while harmoniously blending with the modern infrastructure.&nbsp; Another popular tourist attraction is Laiki Geitonia, a traditional pedestrianised neighbourhood which was restore to reflect the traditional urban architecture. The narrow streets feature craft and souvenir shops and traditional taverns.&nbsp;◾

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Palechori Palechori is another village with hidden treasures, such as the 16th-century Church of the Transfiguration of the Saviour, a UNESCO World Heritage Site, with some of the most complete byzantine wall paintings in Cyprus. ◾

Fikardou FIkardou is an old village that has retained the traditional, structural and architectural characteristics of the 18th century. Today it is almost deserted, but it is well maintained by the government and some of the houses were converted into museums. The whole village was declared as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1978.

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Askas The wine-producing village of Askas, with its cobblestone streets and amphitheatrical architecture, attracts many agrotourists.

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Gourri When at Gourri village, one can admire the beautiful scenery of nature, visit a small but interesting Folk Art Museum, and purchase local, traditionally- and home- made sweets.

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Machairas area is named after the Machairas Monastery, a historic monastery at the east side of Troodos, founded in the 12th century and dedicated to the Virgin Mary. The monastery is near the Machairas National Forest with several picnic sites, natural trails and bicycle paths. Close by are numerous idyllic villages.

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Alona The pretty village of Alona lies in a valley with large areas of hazels and cherries and other nut and fruit trees.

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Kato Pyrgos On the northern foothills of Troodos, Kato Pyrgos harmoniously combines coastal front and beaches with hillsides and mountains.

Nicosia is full of museums mostly of historical, artistic and cultural interest. We have already mentioned that the old Archbishopric Palace houses the Cyprus Folk Art Museum. The museum was founded in 1937 yet its gothic building dates back to the 15th century. Its collections include samples weaving, pottery, embroidery, lace, costumes, metalwork, woodcarving, basketry, leatherwork, naïve painting and agricultural tools, most of which were made in the now occupied area of Cyprus.&nbsp; Also housed at the old Archbishopric Palace, the National Struggle Museum displays documents, photographs, personal belongings of the heroes and other memorabilia related to the struggle against British Rule. The Byzantine Museum in the new Archbishopric Palace is another remarkable museum, presenting the richest collection of Byzantine art from all over the island. There are hundeds of icons and frescos dating back to the 9th and 10th century, respectively, as well as other Byzantine artifacts. ◾

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National Struggle Museum

ADDITIONAL HISTORIC &amp; CULTURAL ATTRACTIONS

A national monument worth visiting is the old Archbishop’s Palace, built in the heart of Nicosia in the 18th century. Nowadays houses the Folk Art Museum and the National Struggle Museum. Next to it is the new Archbishop’s Palace built during 1956-60, by Archbishop Makarios III, the first president of Cyprus. The new Archbishop’s Palace houses the offices of the archdiocese and the residence of the archbishop, along with the Byzantine Museum and the Library of the Archbishopric. Opposite the Archbishop’s Palace is the Pancyprian Gymnasium. It was founded in 1812 by Archbishop Kyprianos, and it is the oldest high school still in operation in Cyprus. For several decades it was considered a model school for the whole island while it is still acknowledged as a prestigious educational institute. Within the Gymnasium is the Severios Library, one of the richest libraries in Cyprus that has been serving educators, students and others for more than 200 years. Another characteristic example of Nicosia’s 18th century urban architecture, is the ‘Archontiko of Axiothea’. Today it serves as a centre for cultural activities and exhibitions on behalf of the University of Cyprus.◾

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History Culture Nature Sports Food

Students of 'Pefkios Georgiadis Primary School' Nicosia, Cyprus ● February 2022

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Cyprus has many different species of animals, many of which are found in the natural parks of Nicosia. Especially in terms of bird life, the country is considered an important migration habitat. In fact, around 85% of all the species reported are migrative with the rest being permanent residents. For example, if around the Athalassa National Park, one can meet aquatic birds such as herons, wagtails and ducks. Other common birds include pigeons, owls, bats, sparrows, crows, etc. Also widely found in Nicosia are mammals such us foxes and hedgehogs, and reptiles such as lizards, snakes and others. For a great variety of farm, exotic and wild animals from around the world, one can visit the Melios Zoo Park, a non-governmental, private park outside the city. There are beautiful talking parrots, eagles, hawks and colourful pheasants, whereas special mammals such as lions, tigers, kangaroos, antelopes and hyeanas are also accommodated. There is even a mini zoo where childeren are allowed to feed and interact with the animals.◾

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Nicosia (or Lefkosia), where our school is located, is the capital and largest city of Cyprus. It is the southeasternmost of all EU member states' capitals. With its many different faces and hidden treasures, Nicosia and its suburbs are worth visiting all year round. With this short guide we hope you get a proper taste of our city! Thanks for reading, Students of 'Pefkios Georgiadis' Primary School, Nicosia - Cyprus

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04. A divided capital 10. The old city 14. Prominent sights 18. Museums 22. Nature &amp; Parks 26. Countryside 30. Sports 32. Food

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Kalopanayiotis Kalopanayiotis, in the Marathasa valley of Troodos, is an ideal destination for agrotourism due to its peaceful scenery. Points of interest include the Venetian bridge, built in the 16th century, and Kykkos Watermill, one of the best preserved watermills in Cyprus. Moreover, the monastery of St Ioannis Lampadistis is a UNESCO World Heritage Site.◾

Kakopetria Kakopetria in Troodos, along the beautiful valley of two rivers, is a popular destination all year round. Nearby is 'Agios Nikolaos tis Stegis' church (St Nicholas of the Roof), a 11tch century UNESCO World Heritage Site.

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Kampos Kampos is a village near Kykkos. It is located in a valley crossed by a river whose source is under a famous perennial oak.

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Spilia Spilia (and its hamlet Kourdali), is another charming village known for its medieval church of Chrysokourdaliotissa.

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Troodos, in western Cyprus, is the largest and tallest mountain range in the country, spanning a third of the island, including much of the Nicosia district. Its highest peak is at 1952m. Troodos hosts several forests and numerous picturesque villages with unique beauty and character.

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Kykkos Kykkos is a well known area in Troodos, mainly due to the Kykkos Monastery, a big monastery dedicated to the Mother of God. The monastery is famous for a byzantine icon of the Virgin Mary, thought to be painted by Apostle Luke. There is also a museum with a vast collection of icons, vessels, manuscripts and antiquities.

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