CANADA

Rachel McAdams - actress

1.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;You can see more snakes in Winnipeg than anywhere else 2.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;There is a secret underground laboratory in Sudbury, Ont. 3.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;They harvest icebergs in Labrador and Newfoundland 4.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;They built a UFO landing pad in St. Paul, Alta. 5.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;They have the world’s safest highways (for animals) 6.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Alberta has a national park larger than Switzerland 7.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Vancouver Island is home to an annual bathtub race 8.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Peterborough, Ont. Is the canoe capital of the world 9.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;People in Churchill leave their car doors unlocked in case their neighbours need to make a quick escape from polar bears. 10. There's also a prison for polar bears who break into people's homes for food. 11. The quality of Canada’s tap water is often better than bottled water. 12. Canada's post office receives millions of letters addressed to "Santa Claus, North Pole" each year. They respond to each one as Mrs. Claus. 13. The University of Victoria offers a course called the "Science of Batman." 14. Half of Canada's provinces (more than 85% of the population) are governed by women. 15. A part of the country actually has less gravity than the rest of Earth.

NEWFOUNDLAND &amp; LABRADOR •Capital city - St. John's •Motto - "Seek ye first the Kingdom of God" •People live in small fishing villages near the coast •Immigrants - Britain, Western Europe, East and Southeast Asian • the main producer of iron ore •Main exports - oil, fish products, newsprint, iron ore and electricity&nbsp;

NOVA SCOTIA •Capital city - Halifax •Halifax is an international seaport and transportation center •"Nova Scotia" means "New Scotland" in Latin •Motto: “One defends and the other conquers” •Immigrants - Britain, Western Europe, and Southern Europe •Canada's oldest African-Canadian community •Major industries - Coal mining and fishing

Canada is a country which is located in the northern parts of North America. Canada is by its surface of 9 984 670 km2 the second largest country in the world. In that huge country live around 35, 9 million people. That means that Canada is very scarcely populated with only 3, 6 people per km2. There are big differences in the average population because 90% of people live in the south around lakes Erie and Ontario, next to the river St. Lawrence and next to the borders with the USA. The Labrador Peninsula, the northern parts of the country and the Arctic islands are almost unpopulated. Very scarcely populated are also the west of the country and the shores of the Pacific.&nbsp;

Inuits Inuits are mainly called Eskimos, but the aboriginal peoples in Canada and Greenlandic Inuit consider "Eskimo" to be a sort of insulting expression, so they identify more as "Inuit" instead. They are a group of indigenous people inhabiting the Arctic regions of Greenland, Canada and Alaska. History Inuits are descendants of what we call Thule culture, who emerged from Alaska. They spread eastwards across the Arctic. Researchers believe that the Inuit society had advantages by having adapted to using dogs as transport animals, and developing larger weapons and other technologies. By 1300, Inuit migrants had reached west Greenland, where they settled.&nbsp;

Hayden Christensen - actor

James Cameron - filmmaker

Margaret Atwood - writer

Mike Myers - actor, comedian

Cobie Smulders - actress

Canada is divided into 10 provinces : Ontario , Quebec , Nova Scotia , New Brunswick , Manitoba , British Columbia , Prince Edward Island , Saskatchewan , Alberta and New Foundland and Labrador. Canada is divided in 3 territories , too. They are the Yukon territory , Nunavut territory and Northwest&nbsp;territories. In Canada there are 2 official languages: French in the province Quebec and English in other parts of Canada.

After that, another big migration started and people were mostly from Great Britain, Ireland and the rest of Europe. Canada was involved in World War 1 and World War 2. After WW1 , Canada got independent by signing the agreement in Versailles. Canada got its final borders in 1949 by connecting Newfoundland.

Bay of Fundy - known for its amazing tides. The variation between high and low is the largest in the world, up to a maximum of 19 meters.

Pacific Rim National Park, B.C.

Cabot Trail, Nova Scotia

HISTORY The first final meeting between the First Nations and other aboriginal people of today´s Canada and South Asia began in the eighteenth century, when British traders engaged in a fur trade along the Pacific coast of Northwest America. RELIGION Indo-Canadians are represented by different religions. Very few Indo-Canadians have no religious affiliation.

ONTARIO •Capital city – Toronto •Toronto has a large financial district and the stock exchange •Ottawa - the capital of Canada is in southern Ontario •The Iroquoians - Ontario = "Kanadario" = "sparkling water" •Motto - "Loyal she began, loyal she remains“ •Immigrants - Italian, German, Chinese, Portuguese, Indian, Polish and Caribbean origin •Niagara Falls •Main producer - nickel, cobalt, salt, and magnesium •Leading producer of fruit and vegetables

SASKATCHEWAN •Capital city – Regina •Motto: "From many peoples strength“ •Immigrants - Germany, Ukraine, Scandinavia, Poland, Russia, Britain, France •Wheat crop - over 54 percent

Canada had the biggest population growth at the beginning of the 20 th century because of the immigration of European settlers. From the second half of 20 th century till today the population has been slowly growing because of the reduced birth rate and reduced immigration. Canada is in the group of the seven most developed countries in the world called G7. Economic progress was possible because of its natural riches. Some of them are large mineral resources, a lot of energy sources, forests and plains. The Canadian economy is closely connected to the economy of the USA because they are Canada’s lead partners in foreign trades. Because of that the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) was founded. Members are countries like Canada, USA and Mexico. Canada is a world exporter of agriculture products, although in that section of business only 2 percent of the population is employed. Most of the products are cereals and oilseeds. Also important is cattle breeding in the Canadian Prairie. Forests are very important because they are resources for wood industries and paper industries. Canada has got large mineral resources, especially around the Canadian Shield. Around the cities of Edmonton and Calgary are big findings of oil and natural gas. The largest city is Toronto, but the capital city is Ottawa. Toronto and Montreal are the largest industrial cities and Vancouver is the largest industrial city on the Pacific shore.&nbsp;&nbsp;

Montreal International Jazz Festival The Montreal International Jazz Festival is an annual jazz festival held in Montreal in Quebec. It holds the 2004 Guinness World Record as the world's largest jazz festival. Every year it features 3000 artists from around 30 countries. It has more than 650 concerts and welcomes over 2 million visitors as well as 300 accredited journalists. The festival takes place at 20 different stages, which include free outdoor stages and indoor concert halls. A major part of the city's downtown core is closed to traffic for ten days, as free outdoor shows are open to the public from noon until midnight. It is the biggest jazz festival in the world.

During 1812, Canada was a battlefield of war between the USA and the British Empire. After that, the USA and Canada made a peace contract which resulted with a migration of British and Irish people towards Canada. In 1840 Canada was united in the federal colony “United Province Of Canada”. Later, during the same year, the British Empire and the USA agreed that 49th parallel will be the border. This paved the way for British people to make colonies on Vancouver Island and in British Columbia which were separated. In 1867 Canada got another 4 provinces: Ontario, Quebec, New Scotia and New Brunswick.&nbsp;

Origin During the most successful period of the North American fur trade, many French Canadian and British fur traders married First Nations and Inuit women, mostly First Nations Cree, Ojibwa, or Saulteaux located in the Great Lakes area. The First Peoples had survived in the west for thousands of years, so their knowledge of the land and its resources was very valuable to the fur traders. Métis people were the connection between the Europeans and First Nations and Inuit peoples of Canada. As adults, the men often worked as interpreters as well as fur trappers. Language A majority of the Métis once spoke, and many still speak, either Métis French or an indigenous language such as Mi'kmaq, Cree etc. A few in some regions spoke a creole or mixed language called Michif. The Métis today mostly speak French and English as a strong second language.&nbsp;

Flag: the Maple Leaf and l'Unifolié (French for "the one-leafed"). An 11 pointed maple leaf in the centre of a red and white background.

Coat of Arms: also known as the Royal Coat of Arms of Canada, or even as the Arms of Her Majesty The Queen in Right of Canada. It is similar to the Royal Coat of Arms of the UK.

Currency: Canadian dollar ( CAD)

Official languages: English and French

Current Prime minister: Justin Trudeau

National colours: red and white

Motto: A Mari Usque Ad Mare (From sea to sea)&nbsp;

National tree: Maple tree

Additional national symbol: Maple leaf

Indigenous peoples in Canada are also known as Native Canadians or Aboriginal Canadians. Native people in Canada are Indians, Inuits and Métis.

INDO-CANADIANS You can say Indo-Canadians or Indian Canadians because the meaning is the same. Indian Canadians are people whose roots are from Canada of the Indian subcontinent. Indo-Canadians are mostly very well educated. Most of the Indians in Canada are socioeconomically middle class and rich. They are also one of the fastest growing communities in Canada. They settled in the provinces of Ontario and British Columbia.

Secondary School in Canada Secondary school, also referred to as high school or senior high, is from Grade 8-12 (age 14-18). In Quebec, secondary or high school is from Grades 7-11, followed by two to three years at a junior college. For most provinces education is compulsory up until the age of 16 years but again, this varies from province to province; for example, in Manitoba, education is compulsory up until the age of 17 and in New Brunswick and Ontario, up until the age of 18. Most students continue education until they graduate at the end of Grade 12. Post-secondary Education Post-secondary institutions include colleges and universities, open for high school graduates wishing to continue their education.

Religion The Inuit believe in animism: all living and non-living things have a spirit. That includes people, animals, inanimate objects, and forces of nature. Culture Inuit speak Inuinnaqtun, Inuktitut, Inuvialuktun, and Greenlandic languages. The Inuit have traditionally been fishers and hunters. They still hunt whales, walrus, caribou, seal, polar bears, muskoxen, birds, and fish. Clothing A parka or anorak is a type of coat with a hood, often lined with fur or faux fur.

The Métis are a group of peoples in Canada who are the descendants of First Nations peoples and European settlers. They are recognized as one of Canada's aboriginal peoples along with First Nations and Inuit peoples. In the beginning the Métis were the mixed-race descendants of relationships and marriages between First Nations people and European settlers (usually indigenous women and settler men). Later generations (particularly in central and western Canada) developed a unique Métis culture. There used to be an important difference between French Métis born of francophone fathers, and the Anglo-Métis (known as "countryborn") descended from English or Scottish fathers. Such mixed-race people were often called by other names, many of which are now considered to be offensive, such as Mixed-bloods, Half-breeds, Bois-Brûlés, Bungi, Black Scots, and Jackatars.&nbsp;

•Second-largest •Population - Almost half are aboriginal (Dene, Inuvialuit and Metis) •Capital city – Yellowknife •animals: beaver, lynx, fox, marten, muskrat, polar bear •Tourism - wildlife and natural beauty&nbsp;

•The largest territory and has one-fifth of the land in Canada •Capital city – Iqaluit •Canada's most northern capital •Motto - Nunavut, our strength •Nunavut means our land •Population – 85% are the Inuit, the aborigines •land and water are frozen most of the year •Tourism: fishing, hiking, camping, hunting, &nbsp;wildlife&nbsp;

•The smallest territory •Capital city – Whitehorse •Yukon = Great River •Mount Logan - the highest mountain in Canada (6000 m.) •Tourism - hiking, rafting, camping, rock climbing, fishing, wildlife and hunting •largest industry - mining (gold, lead, zinc and silver)&nbsp;

Victoria's Inner Harbour

The content of this digital booklet was created by my 7th grade students ( 7.B) in the school year of 2017 / 2018 as part of the Erasmus + project " Going the extra mile" in my primary school "Đuro Ester" in Koprivnica, Croatia. Andreja Kerovec Letica, English language teacher at Primary school "Đuro Ester" in Koprivnica, Croatia, July 2018

CULTURE Indian Canadians have their own culture. They speak different languages, but most of them speak the language Punjabi. Marriage is important to them because of religious reasons. Marriages are sometimes still organized by their parents.&nbsp;

School and education Elementary School in Canada Children start school in the elementary system. This normally starts at five years of age, with Kindergarten (K). However, Ontario offers a Junior Kindergarten (JK) programme for four to five year olds. School normally starts between 08:00 and 09:00 and finishes between 2:30 and 3:30. p.m. Extracurricular activities and sports are scheduled after school hours. A school uniform is not normally worn except in private schools. Government funded school buses usually pick up and drop off younger children who live further than walking distance from their school.

MANITOBA •located in the center of Canada •"Manitoba" - a Cree name meaning "the place where the spirit (manitou) speaks" •Capital city – Winnipeg •Motto-"Glorious and Free" •home to many native peoples •Immigrants - Britain, Europe, East and Southeast Asia •Manitoba - the land of 100,000 lakes •Important industry - Hydro-electric power

NEW BRUNSWICK •Capital city – Fredericton •the third-smallest province •Motto - "Hope was restored" •Many people are of French, British, Scottish and Irish origin •the main producer of lead, zinc, copper, and bismuth •Main industry is forestry •Paper, newspaper, magazines, tissue, wooden doors and windows •Main crop - potatoes&nbsp;

National anthem: "O Canada" <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kRPGPAnPNa8">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kRPGPAnPNa8</a> Royal anthem: "God save the Queen"

Calgary Stampede The Calgary Stampede is an annual rodeo festival held every July in Calgary. The ten-day event, which calls itself "The Greatest Outdoor Show on Earth", attracts over one million visitors per year and features one of the world's largest rodeos. In Calgary in 1919 the Victory Stampede in honour of soldiers returning from World War I was organized. The Calgary Stampede has grown into one of the world's richest rodeos and one of Canada's largest festivals. Calgary is known as the "Stampede City" and carries the informal nickname of "Cowtown".

Canada&nbsp;Day is on July 1st. It celebrates Canada`s 1867 Confederation and establishment of dominion status. In Labrador and Newfoundland it is called Memorial Day.

There are a lot of sports and recreational activities in Canada.&nbsp;The most played sports are lacrosse, Canadian football, ice hockey, soccer, basketball, baseball and curling with emphasis on ice hockey and lacrosse as official winter and summer sports. These 2 sports are the most interesting sports in Canada because they are not played that much in other countries around the world. Related to the recreation, the most popular winter recreational sport is curling and in summer recreational activities are mostly fishing, hunting, and canoeing.

Niagara Falls - the name for three waterfalls. Niagara Falls is the international border between the Canadian province Ontario and the American state of New York.&nbsp;

CN Tower, Toronto - The CN tower is 553 meters tall. It's the tallest building in the world.&nbsp;

Gros Morne National Park

Canadian Dance Festival The Canadian Dance Festival is an annual Ottawa, Ontario event founded in 1987. In June Canada's most contemporary, dance choreographers and dance companies show their skills. It brings together over 250 artists from across the country to participate in a 9-day event, promoting contemporary Canadian Dance. The festival is a non-profit national organization that presents live dance performances by professional artists.&nbsp;

PRINCE EDWARD ISLAND •the smallest province •Capital city – Charlottetown •The "birthplace of Canada" where leaders met in 1864 to discuss the formation of the country •Named "Prince Edward" in honor of the father of Queen Victoria in 1799 •Motto: "the small under the protection of the great" •About 75 percent are of Scottish and Irish origin •Largest industry – agriculture •Second largest industry – tourism •Third largest industry - fishing

QUEBEC •The largest province •Capital city - Quebec City •Quebec - a French-speaking province •Algonquin - Quebec = "Kebe" = "the place where the river narrows“ •Motto - "Je me souviens" = "I remember" •Montreal - 67% mother tongue is French •Immigrants - France, Britain, Southern Europe, and East and Southeast Asia •Largest industry&nbsp;- dairy Main producer of maple syrup

Indigenous peoples in Canada (or Canadian Aboriginals) are the Inuits, the Indians and the Métis people who inhabited the land long before the first settlers from Europe came. Around the year 1000 Vikings came to the east coast of Canada. From 1603 to 1635 Samuel de Champlain colonizes the country (Newfoundland, New Scotia, Quebec). The first village there was Port Royal and it was built by French people. Between 1689 to 1763 there were a few wars between France,the British Empire and India because of the fur market . By the Treaty of Utrecht in 1713, France lost its rights on Newfoundland, New Scotia and Hudson Bay. After the Seventh-Year-War(1763), Canada and the most part of New France came under the British rule.&nbsp;

Old Montreal, Montreal, Quebec

Banff National park is Canada's oldest national park and was established in 1885.It is located in the Rocky Mountains.

Canadian Museum for Human Rights

Remembrance Day Remembrance Day, November 11th commemorates Canada`s war dead. It is an anniversary of the WW 1 ending in 1918. Victoria Day It is celebrated on May 24th or before. It celebrates the birthday of the Canadian monarch. The date does not change with the monarch change, it is fixed on Queen Victoria`s birthday since the Canadian Confederation was UK`s dominion.

About 5/6 land of Canada are mountains and 1/6 lowlands. Canada is surrounded by the Pacific ocean (west side) , Arctic ocean (north side) and Atlantic ocean (east side) The highest point is Mount Logan (5,959 m), the longest river is the Mackenzie River (4,241 km), the largest lake is the Great Bear Lake (31,153 km2). Canada stretches across 6 time zones, Canadian borders are 8,893 km long. The Hopewell Rocks are rock formations caused by tidal erosion in The Hopewell Rocks Ocean Tidal exploration Site in New Brunswick. These rocks, during low tide, stand 12 to 20 metres tall with no water surrounding them Most parts of Canada have subarctic climate and northern parts of it have tundra climate. On the south of the country there is humid continental climate. The north of the country is very much isolated because of the icy surrounding seas.

Alberta Culture Days Alberta Culture Days (formerly Alberta Arts Days) is a three-day festival of the arts and culture. The first three years of Alberta Arts Days occurred during the third Friday, Saturday and Sunday of September. The purpose of this festival is to show the province’s artists, art organizations and cultural industries, encourage Albertans and its visitors to engage in the arts, and promote the importance of arts and culture as part of a prosperous province full of life.

ALBERTA Alberta was named after Princess Louise Caroline Alberta of Britain •Capital city – Edmonton •Alberta's motto - "strong and free" •It is known as Canada's "energy province" •Immigrants - Britain, Western Europe, Eastern Europe, the East and Southeast Asia •main producer of coal, oil and natural gas in Canada&nbsp;

BRITISH COLUMBIA •Capital city – Victoria on Vancouver Island •Motto - "Splendour without diminishment" •Immigrants - from Britain, Western Europe, East and Southeast Asia, Bangladesh, and Pakistan •has the largest Chinese community in Canada •Largest industry - Forestry •has the largest fishing industry in Canada&nbsp;

Mountie - The Royal Canadian Mounted Police

Name

Safari may block some audio or video from playing automatically and ‘read to me’ will skip these. You can configure this in Safari’s preferences.