Voive & Consonants

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Penulis: Dwi Astuti Wahyu Nurhayati Dimas Maulana

1. What is a dental consonant? Answer: A dental consonant sound is created by the tip tongue making contact with the upper teeth.&nbsp; 2. What is a palatal consonant? Answer: A palatal consonant sound is created by the tongue's contact with the hard palate and the alveolar ridge. 3. Can you give two examples of dental consonant sounds? Answer: Two dental sounds are: / θ / “th” in think or thick and / ð / “th” in that or rather. 4. Choose the correct answer - Which ones are velar consonant sounds? Answer: k, g, ŋ

5. True or false - The postalveolar consonant sound is created with the lips. Answer: False.&nbsp;The postalveolar sound is created by the tongue making contact with the area before the alveolar ridge. 6. What is the definition of a coronal consonant? Answer: A coronal consonant is a speech sound made with the most flexible part of the mouth: the tongue. Coronal&nbsp;consonants include bilabial, dental, labiodental, alveolar and post-alveolar. 7. What is the definition of a dorsal consonant? Answer: A dorsal consonant is a speech sound created with the tongue, but they use the body of the tongue rather than the tip or the blade. Posterior consonants include palatal and velar consonants. 8. What is the definition of a labial consonant? Answer: A labial consonant is a sound speech created when one or both lips interact as active articulators.&nbsp;

2. Dorsal Dorsal consonants are speech sounds created with the tongue, but they use the body of the tongue rather than the tip or the blade. Dorsal consonants include palatal and velar consonants. Because of the flexibility of the tongue's dorsum (its back), we can reach a wide area in the roof of the mouth: from the hard palate (where we form the palatal consonants) to the velum (where we form the velar consonants). In we have four types of dorsal consonants in English: Voice palatal approximant: made with the middle or back of the tongue touching the hard palate. Voiced velar nasal: made with the back of the tongue touching the soft palate, with airflow escaping from the nose. Voiced velar plosive: made with the back of the tongue touching the soft palate and the vibration of the vocal cords.

Voiceless velar plosive: made with the back of the tongue touching the soft palate with no vibration of the vocal cords. 3. Labial Labial consonants are speech sounds created when one or both lips interact as active articulators. As we have seen before, labial consonant divide in bilabial and labio-dental. There are five ways of making labials in English: Voiceless bilabial plosive: articulated with both lips and with no vibration of the vocal cords. Voiced bilabial plosive: articulated with both lips and with the vibration of the vocal cords. Labiodental nasal: articulated with the lower lip and upper teeth, with the airflow escaping through the nose. Voiceless labiodental fricative: articulated with the lower lip and upper teeth, with no vibration of the vocal cords. Voiced labiodental fricative: articulated with the lower lip and upper teeth, with the vibration of the vocal cords.

How to Pronounce the d Sound d sound It is a sound from the 'Consonants Pairs' group and it is called the 'Voiced alveolar stop'. This means that you stop the airflow between your tongue and the ridge behind your teeth. The /d/ sound is made through the mouth and it is Voiced which means that you vibrate your vocal chords to make the sound. It is defined by the motion of your tongue and it is a stop sound, which is a sound made by building up air pressure by stopping air flow and then releasing it. In this case you stop the airflow the your tongue against the area behind the top teeth.

To produce the sound block the airflow by placing your tongue behind the top teeth, then release the pressure by pulling the tongue back into your mouth, while voicing out. As in the words: do /duː/ day /deɪ/ die /daɪ/ How the d sound is Spelled The /d/ phoneme is normally spelled with the letter 'd' as in the words: down /daʊn/ president /ˈprezədənt/ already /ɔːlˈredi/ read /riːd/ Examples of the d Sound Here are some words that begin with the d sound: director /dəˈrektə/ data /ˈdeɪtə/ derive /deraɪv/ develop /dɪˈveləp/

Fricative While nasal and stop consonants involve a complete blockage of the vocal tract, fricative sounds involve only a partial blockage of the vocal tract so that&nbsp;air has to be forced through a narrow channel. For example, you create a /t/&nbsp;stop&nbsp;consonant&nbsp;when you block airflow completely with your tongue against the alveolar ridge. But if you let up with the tongue a bit and let the air seep through, you make an /s/&nbsp;fricative&nbsp;consonant. The English fricative sounds are as follows: /f/ – “fro” and “calf”- air is forced through the upper teeth and lower lip (labiodental) /v/ – “vine” and “have” – air is forced through the upper teeth and lower lip (labiodental) /θ/ – “thick” and “bath” – air is forced through upper teeth and tongue (dental) /ð/ – “the” and “rather” – air is forced through upper teeth and tongue (dental)

/s/ – “suit” and “bus” – air is forced through the tongue and alveolar ridge (alveolar) /z/ – “zit” and “jazz” – air is forced through the tongue and alveolar ridge (alveolar) /ʃ/ – “shot” and “brash” – air is forced through the tongue and point just beyond alveolar ridge (post-alveolar) /ʒ/ – “vision” and “measure” – air is forced through the tongue and point just beyond the alveolar ridge (post-alveolar) /h/ – “happy” and “hope” – actually /h/ isn't a fricative. It's technically not even a real consonant sound since there's no constriction/obstruction of airflow.

How to pronounce the j sound The /j/ phoneme is called the “palatal approximant,” which means that you form a narrow space in the middle of your mouth with your tongue. The j sound is made through the mouth and is Voiced, which means you vibrate your vocal chords to make the sound. It is defined by the position of your tongue and it is an approximant, which is a sound made by creating a narrow space in your mouth through which air flows. In this case, it's the space between your tongue and the top of your mouth. The sides are blocked so the flow of air just goes through the middle of your mouth. To produce the j sound, raise the sides of your tongue to the roof of your mouth and voice out through your mouth while lowering the back of your tongue. The middle and front of your tongue should be touching the roof of your mouth to begin with. Then you voice outwards and drop your tongue away from the roof of your mouth. The air flows out through the centre, between the sides of your tongue.

How the /j/ Phoneme is spelled The /j/ phoneme is usually spelled with the letter 'y,' but can also be spelled with an 'i' as in: View /vjuː/ Also, a very common construction, often called a “long u” sound, is spelled with just the letter 'u' and pronounced /ju:/ or /jʊ/, as in the words: During /'djʊərɪŋ/ Computer /kəmˈpjuːtə/ And argue /ˈɑːgjuː/ Examples of the j sound Here are some words that start with the /j/ phoneme. Yes /jes/ Units /ˈjuːnɪt/ Yard /jɑːd/ And young /jʌŋ/

How to pronounce the w Sound The w sound is called the “labio-velar approximant,” which means that you round your lips and form a narrow space at the back of your mouth with your tongue. The w sound is made through the mouth and is Voiced, which means you vibrate your vocal chords to make the sound. It is defined by the position of your tongue and lips. It is an approximant sound which is a sound made by creating a narrow space in your mouth through which air flows. In this case, it's both the space between your tongue and the top of your mouth and the space between your lips. To produce the /w/ sound, purse your lips and raise the back of your tongue a bit near the roof of your mouth and voice out. How the /w/ Phoneme is spelled The /w/ sound is usually spelled with the letter 'w,' or as 'w-h' as in:

where /weə/ But it is also part of the sound made by the letters 'q-u,' which is pronounced /kw/ as in: question /'kwestʆən/ Also, in a few words the /w/ sound doesn't have any letters, like: one /wʌn/ Examples of the w sound Here are some words that start with /w/. we /wiː/ world /wɜːld/ whether /ˈweðə/ wait /weɪt/ Here are some words with the /w/ sound in the middle. away /əˈweɪ/ towards /təˈwɔːdz/ someone /ˈsʌmwʌn/ require /rɪˈkwaɪə/

How to pronounce the f sound The /f/ sound is made through the mouth and it is Unvoiced which means that you don't use your vocal chords to make the sound. It is defined by position of your lips and teeth and it is a fricative, which is a sound that is produced by high pressure air flow between a narrow space in the mouth. In this case it is between the bottom lip and the teeth. To produce the sound rest your top teeth on you bottom lip and force air out between your teeth. How the f sound is Spelled The /f/ phoneme is normally spelled with the letter 'f' as in the words: father /ˈfɑːðə/ often /ˈɒfən/ But can also be spelled with the letters 'ph' as in the words: As in the word: phone /fəʊn/

Or the letters 'gh' as in the words: enough /ɪˈnʌf/ Examples of the f sound Here are some words that begin with the f sound: family /'fæməli/ fact /fækt/ friend /frend/ follow /ˈfɒləʊ/ Here are some words with the f sound in the middle: before /bɪ'fɔː/ different /ˈdɪfərənt/ information /ˌɪnfəˈmeɪʆən/ office /ˈɒfɪs/ Here are some words with the f sound at the end /f/ sound: off /ɒf/ self /self/ tough /tf/ staff /staff/

COVER PREFACE FOREWORD VOICE/VOICING.........................................7 CONSONANT.............................................8 PLACE OF ARTICULATION........................9 MANNER OF ARTICULATION...................34 VCONSONANTS SOUND VIDEO..............48 ANALISIS....................................................52 EXERSICE...................................................58 QUIZ..........................................................61 TIPS LEARNING ENGLISH........................63 REFERENCE...............................................64 AUTHOR PROFILE....................................65

Voice/Voicing Voice or voicing is a term used in phonetics and phonology to characterize speech sounds (usually consonants). Speech sounds can be described as mute (otherwise known as mute) or voiceless. However, the term is used to refer to two separate concepts: Speech can refer to the process of articulation in which the vocal cords vibrate, its primary use in phonetics to describe the telephone, which is a particular speech sound. It may also refer to a classification of speech sounds that tend to be associated with vocal cord vibrations but may not actually be voiced on an articulatory level. That is the main use of terms in phonology: to describe a phoneme; whereas in phonetics its main use is to describe telephones. For example, voicing explains the difference between the pairs of sounds associated with the English letters "s" and "z". The two sounds are transcribed as [s] and [z] to distinguish them from English letters, which have several possible pronunciations, depending on the context.

How to Pronounce the p Sound p Sound It is a sound from the 'Consonants Pairs' group and it is called the 'Voiceless bilabial stop'. This means that you use both of your lips to block your mouth. The /p/ phoneme is made through the mouth and it is Unvoiced which means that you don't use your vocal chords to make the sound. It is defined by the shape of your lips and the motion of airflow through your mouth. and it is a stop sound, which is a sound made by building up air pressure by stopping air flow and then releasing it. In this case you use both your lips to create the stop and then release it. To produce the sound bring both of your lips together and build up some pressure in your mouth, then release it.

How the /p/ phoneme is Spelled The /p/ phoneme is normally spelled with the letter 'p' as in the words. problem /'prɒbləm/ part /pɑːt/ company /'kʌmpəni/ power /ˈpaʊə/ Examples Here are some words that begin with the p sound: program /'prəʊgræm/ provide /prəˈvaɪd/ potatoes /pəteɪtəʊ/ point /pɔɪnt/

VOICE &amp; CONSONANTS

LEARN ENGLISH FOR THE AGE OF GLOBALIZATION

Oleh: Dwi Astuti Wahyu Nurhayati Dimas Maulana

where the articulators (tongue, teeth, lips or glottis) in the vocal tract make contact (or not) to create the sound of the consonant. 5. True or false -&nbsp;Voiced velar plosive are consonants made with the back of the tongue touching the soft palate and the vibration of the vocal cords. Answer: True. 6. Which of these refers to where the articulators make contact in the vocal tract? Answer: Place of articulation 7. Which of these is not an articulator? Answer: Uvula 8. What is the first step in the process of consonant production? Answer: Air builds up in the lungs. 9. How is a 'dental' consonant sound produced? Answer: The tongue makes contact with the teeth.

Easy tips for learning English

1. Choose your English topic One of the things that makes a person happy is doing something they love. Yes! It's the same with learning this language. You can start by selecting the topic you want to study. 2. Listen to English podcasts Podcasts are one of the platforms that are currently quite popular among teenagers to adults. Through podcasts, you can choose your favorite playlist as a learning resource. As a bonus, listening to podcasts can be used as a "friend" when you do other activities. 3. Read English fiction or non-fiction books Are you used to reading articles in English? Good! This means that all you have to do is improve your reading skills through fiction books or non-fiction books in English. When reading, you can also use the multisensory method, aka maximizing more than one sense.

Nasal Nasal consonants are created when you completely block air flow through your mouth and let the air pass through your nose. There are three nasal consonants in English. /m/ – “mad” and “clam” – oral passage is blocked by closing the lips (bilabial). /n/ – “no” and “man‘ – oral passage is blocked by pressing tongue tip against the alveolar ridge (alveolar). /ŋ/ – “going” and “funk” – Oral passage is blocked by pressing the back of your tongue against the soft palate (velar).

Place of Articulation In phonetics and phonology, we refer to the place of articulation, manner of articulation and voicing when describing consonant production. In this article, we'll look at: The definition of 'place of articulation' The different places of articulation A diagram of the different places of articulation Different types of consonants Place of articulation definition The place of articulation refers to where the articulators (tongue, teeth, lips or glottis) make contact in the vocal tract to create consonant sounds. Let's look at the process of consonant production to see where the place of articulation fits in. The process of consonant production is: Air builds up in the warp; Air then moves toward the trachea, larynx and pharynx;

How to Pronounce the t Sound t-sound It is a sound from the 'Consonants Pairs' group and it is called the 'Voiceless alveolar stop'. This means that you stop the airflow with your tongue at the ridge behind your teeth. The t sound is made through the mouth and it is Unvoiced which means that you don't use your vocal chords to make the sound. It is defined by the motion of your tongue and it is a stop sound, which is a sound made by building up air pressure by stopping air flow and then releasing it. In this case you stop the airflow with the tongue against the area behind the top teeth. To produce the sound block the airflow by placing the tip of your tongue behind the top teeth, then release the pressure by pulling the tongue back into your mouth.

How the /t/ is Spelled The /t/ phoneme is normally spelled with the letter 't' as in the words: last /lɑːst/ into /'ɪntʊ/ between /bɪ'twiːn/ let /let/ Examples Here are some words that begin with the /t/ phoneme: tell /tel/ try /traɪ/ time /taɪm/ talk /tk/

You should've known the price of evil And it hurts to know that you belong here, yeah No one to call, everybody to fear Your tragic fate is lookin' so clear, yeah Ooh, it's your fuckin' nightmare Ha ha ha ha Fight (fight), not to fail (fail), not to fall (fall) Or you'll end up like the others Die (die), die again (die), drenched in sin (sin) With no respect for another Oh Down (down), feel the fire (fire), feel the hate (hate) Your pain is what we desire Lost (lost), hit the wall (wall), watch you crawl (crawl) Such a replaceable liar

And I know you hear their voices (calling from above) And I know they may seem real (these signals of love) But our life's made up of choices (some without appeal) They took for granted your soul And it's ours now to steal As your nightmare comes to life You should've known the price of evil And it hurts to know that you belong here, yeah No one to call, everybody to fear Your tragic fate is looking so clear, yeah Ooh, it's your fuckin' nightmare

view_op=list_works&amp;hl=en&amp;hl=en&amp;user=wMzGI_ MAAAAJ, https://sinta.ristekbrin.go.id/authors/detail?id=6088997&amp;view=overview, https://www.scopus.com/authid/detail.uri?authorId=57205696120. For correspondence the author can be visited through +6285749813337/+6281234020600 or dwiastuti507@gmail.com.

Dwi Astuti Wahyu Nurhayati works as English lecturer in English Department, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education in Islamic State University of Sayid Ali Rahmatullah Tulungagung (UIN SATU). She is active to be a volunteer in guiding the Tawun society in enhancing tourism of Labi-labi, Ngawi East Java and conserving sites in Kesamben, Blitar.&nbsp; Her hobbies are creating love story podcast and reporting any events to motivate her students through https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCsqqMbqG X8ViER79lWdR7WA. For knowing her literary works you can browse https://scholar.google.co.id/citations?

How to Pronounce the b Sound b sound It is a sound from the 'Consonants Pairs' group and it is called the 'Voiced bilabial stop'. This means that you use both of your lips to block your mouth. The b sound is made through the mouth and it is Voiced which means that you vibrate your vocal chords to make the sound. It is defined by the shape of your lips and the motion of airflow through your mouth. and it is a stop sound, which is a sound made by building up air pressure by stopping air flow and then releasing it. In this case you use both your lips to create the stop and then release it.

To produce the sound bring both of your lips together and build up some pressure in your mouth, then release it, whilst voicing out at the same time. As in the words: begin /bɪ'gɪn/ bring /brɪŋ/ believe /bə'liːv/ How the b Sound is Spelled The /b/ phoneme is normally spelled with the letter ‘b’ as in the words: be /bi:/ but /bʌt/ job /dʒɒb about /əbaʊt/ Examples of the b Sound Here are some words that begin with the b sound: between /bɪ'twiːn/ before /bɪ'fɔː/ black /blæk/ best /best/

Reference Kelly, G. (2004). How to teach pronunciation. England: Pearson Education Limited. Retrieved from www.longman.com Kenworthy, J. (1987). Teaching English pronunciation. New York: Longman. Low, E. L. (2015). Pronunciation for English as an international language (1st ed.). New York: Routledge Publishers. McMahon, A. (2002). An introduction to English phonology. Edinburgh: Edinburgh Universiy Press. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1159/000328775 Roach, P. (2012). English phonetics and phonology; A practical course (4th ed.). Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.

Name: Dimas Maulana Born: Jombang, 09 November 2000 Student of State Islamic University of Sayyid Ali Rahmatullah Tulungagung.

Motivation Collecting those tasks is a must, while good grades are just a bonus. Pursue your bachelor's degree, even if the thesis confronts you. The more difficult the struggle, the more beautiful the victory. The student's enemy is his own friend who suddenly becomes deaf during an exam. FB: @Dimas O'Skadown TikTok: @panggilaja_dimas IG: @dimas_oskadown WA: Secret Number

Affricate When stop consonants mix with fricative consonants, the result is an affricate consonant. Affricate consonants start as stop sounds with air building up behind an articulator which then releases through a narrow channel as a fricative (instead of a clean burst as stops do). The English affricate sounds are: /tʃ/ – “chick” and “match” – air is blocked with tongue just beyond the alveolar ridge (post-alveolar), then released as a fricative. /dʒ/ – “jam” and “badge” – air is blocked with tongue just beyond the alveolar ridge (post-alveolar), then released as a fricative.

Approximant Approximants are when two articulators come close together but not quite close enough to create air turbulence. The resulting sound is more like a fast vowel than anything else. For example, the /w/ approximant is like a fast /u/ sound (say /u/ + /aɪ/ really fast and you get the word “why”). Notice how your tongue never actually comes in contact with the top of your mouth. There are three English approximants: /w/ – “wet” and “howard” – back of tongue raises to velum (but not too close!) and lips are rounded (velar) /j/ – “yes” and “bayou” – tongue raises to hard palate (but not too close!) (palatal) /ɹ/ – “right” and “roar” – tongue raises to hard palate (but not too close) (alveolar/post-alveolar)

As we have seen before, labial consonant divide in bilabial and labio-dental. 9. How many coronal consonants do we have in the English language? Which ones? Answer: We have four. They are apical, laminal, domed and sub-apical. 10. How many dorsal consonants do we have in the English language?&nbsp;Which ones? Answer: We have four types and they are: Voice palatal approximant Voiced velar nasal Voiced velar plosive Voiceless velar plosive

1. How many labial consonants do we have in the English language? Which ones? Answer: We have five and they are:&nbsp; Voiceless bilabial plosive Voiced bilabial plosive Labiodental nasal Voiceless labiodental fricative Voiced labiodental fricative 2. How many places of articulation do we have? Answer: We have seven places of articulation. 3. True or false - Postalveolar consonants are created by the tongue making contact with the upper teeth. Answer: False. Postalveolar consonants are created by the tongue making contact with the back of the Alveolar ridge. 4. What is the place of articulation? Answer: We refer to the place of articulation or point of articulation,

How to pronounce the h Sound The /h/ sound is called the “voiceless glottal fricative,” which means that the sound is made with the motion of your vocal chords but is not voiced. The /h/ sound is made through the mouth and is Aspirated, which means air comes out of your mouth as you say the sound and you do not vibrate your vocal chords but it is defined by the position of your vocal chords, because it is a fricative. Fricatives are sounds which are made by bringing two parts of your mouth or throat very close together and pushing the air through them. In this case, that's your vocal chords.

The /h/ sound doesn't have a specific mouth shape as it normally takes the shape from the following sounds. To produce the /h/ sound, constrict your throat and breathe out through your mouth. The shape of your mouth doesn't matter as much. It will probably just be whatever shape you'll be making to make the next sound. How the h Sound is spelled The /h/ sound is spelled with the letter 'h,' though in a few words it is spelled 'wh' as in: whole /həʊl/ who /huː/ whom /huːm/ Examples of the h Sound Here are some words that start with /h/. how /haʊ/ human /ˈhjuːmən/ happen /'hæpən/ help /help/

How to pronounce the sound m The /m/ sound is called “bilabial nasal”, which means you use both your lips and the air comes out of your nose. This is determined by the movement of your lips, and is created by the flow of air through a completely blocked mouth. So the sound is coming through the nose rather than the mouth, it is a Voiced voice, which means you use your vocal cords, To produce the /m/ sound, close your lips and exhale through your nose. Sometimes it helps to press the lips to or between the teeth.

ow the m sound is spelled The m sound is spelled with the letter 'm,' or sometimes with a double 'm' as in: summer Examples of the /m/ sound Here are some words that start with /m/. may million mother meet Here are some words with the /m/ in the middle. family woman American company And here are some words that end with an /m/. from time them come

The diaphragm and chest muscles control airflow; The vocal cords in the larynx, start a vibration cycle which builds up air pressure and generates acoustic waves; The airflow can go either through the oral cavity or the nasal cavity, depending on the sound. Finally, the air is modified by the articulators (lips, tongue, teeth and palate). Places of articulation Speech sounds are separated according to place and manner of articulation. There are seven places of articulation: Bilabial: contact between the lips; Labio-dental: contact between the lower lip and the upper teeth; Dental: contact between the tip of the tongue and the area just behind the upper teeth; Alveolar: contact between the tongue and the Alveolar ridge (this is the ridged area between the upper teeth and the hard palate); Palatal: contact between the tongue and the hard palate or Alveolar ridge;

Postalveolar: contact between the tongue and the back of the Alveolar ridge; Velar: contact between the tongue and the soft palate; Glottal: restriction of the airflow at the glottis.

1. Coronal Coronal consonants are speech sounds made with the most flexible part of the mouth: the tongue. Coronal consonants can be bilabial, dental, labiodental, alveolar and post-alveolar. There are four further sub-categories: here are four further sub-categories: Apical: made by the tip of the tongue; Laminal: made by the tongue blade; Dome: created when the tongue bends upwards; Sub-apical: made at the bottom of the tongue. In English, coronal consonants are / l, s, z, n, d, t /. It is good to be aware of coronal consonants, especially if you are learning a new language because it helps to know which part of the tongue to use.

In this lesson we are going to look at the v sound or the /v/ phoneme. As in the words: very /'veri/ every /'evri/ move /muːv/ The /v/ phoneme is from the 'Consonants Pairs' group and it is called the 'Voiced labiodental fricative'. This means that you create friction between the bottom lip and top teeth while vibrating your vocal chords. Be careful not to get it confused with the w sound and remember the impotence of the teeth in making the sound. How to pronounce the v sound The v sound is made through the mouth and it is Voiced which means that you vibrate your vocal chords to make the sound.

It is defined by position of your lips and teeth and it is a fricative, which is a sound that is produced by high pressure air flow between a narrow space in the mouth. In this case it is between the bottom lip and the teeth. To produce the sound rest your top teeth on you bottom lip and force air out between your teeth whilst voicing out. How the v&nbsp;sound is Spelled The /v/ phoneme is normally spelled with the letter ‘v’ as in the words: even /’iːvən/ never /‘nevə/ five /faɪv/ But in some rare cases it is spelt with the letter ‘f’ as in the word: of /ɒv/ Examples of the v&nbsp;sound Here are some words that begin with the /v/ Phoneme: view /vjuː/ value /ˈvæljuː/ visit /ˈvɪzɪt/ various /ˈveəriəs/

How to pronounce the z sound The z sound is made through the mouth and it is Voiced which means that you vibrate your vocal chords to make the sound. It is defined by shape of your teeth and the position of your tongue and it is a Sibilant, which is a sound made by directing a stream of air with the tongue towards the sharp edge of the teeth, In this case . To produce the sound Clench your teeth together lightly and put your tongue just behind them restricting airflow to a narrow channel over the tongue and through the teeth. Then push air though the channel and through the teeth, whilst voicing out.

How the z sound is Spelled The /z/ phoneme is normally spelled with the letter 'z' as in the words: citizen /ˈsɪtəzən/ but can also be spelled with the letters 'se' or 'x' as in the words: these /ðiːz/ because /bɪ'kɒz/ exactly /ɪgˈzæktli/ Examples of the z sound Here are a couple of words that begin with the /z/ phoneme: zone /zəʊn/ zoo /zu:/ To be honest there are not many more that are used very often.

How to pronounce the s sound The s sound is made through the mouth and it is Unvoiced which means that you don't use your vocal chords to make the sound. It is defined by shape of your teeth and the position of your tongue and it is a Sibilant, which is a sound made by directing a stream of air with the tongue towards the sharp edge of the teeth, In this case . To produce the sound Clench your teeth together lightly and put your tongue just behind them restricting airflow to a narrow channel over the tongue and through the teeth. Then push air through the channel and through the teeth. How the s sound is Spelled The /s/ phoneme is normally spelled with the letter ‘s’ as in the words: so /səʊ/ just /dʒəst/ but can also be spelled with the letter 'c', when followed by an 'i' or an 'e'. As in the words:

city /ˈsɪti/ once /wʌns/ Examples of the s sound Here are some words that begin with the /s/ phoneme: some /sʌm/ school /skuːl/ still /'stɪl/ state /steɪt/ Here are some words with the/s/ phoneme in the middle: just /dʒəst/ first /fɜːst/ also /'ɔːlsəʊ/ last /lɑːst/ Here are some words with the/s/ phoneme at the end: this /ðɪs/ us /əs/ place /pleIs/ case /keɪs/ So, that's it for the s sound.

Nightmare - Avenged Sevenfold

Nightmare Now your nightmare comes to life Dragged you down below, down to the devil's show To be his guest forever (peace of mind is less than never) Hate to twist your mind, but God ain't on your side An old acquaintance severed (burn the world your last endeavor) Flesh is burning, you can smell it in the air 'Cause men like you have such an easy soul to steal (steal) So stand in line while they ink numbers in your head You're now a slave until the end of time here Nothing stops the madness turning Haunting, yearning, pull the trigger

You should've known the price of evil And it hurts to know that you belong here, yeah Ooh, it's your fuckin' nightmare While your nightmare comes to life Can't wake up in sweat, 'cause it ain't over yet Still dancing with your demons (victim of your own creation) Beyond the will to fight, where all that's wrong is right Where hate don't need a reason (loathing self-assassination) You've been lied to just to rape you of your sight And now they have the nerve to tell you how to feel (feel) So sedated as they medicate your brain And while you slowly go insane they tell you Given with the best intentions Help you with your complications

Lateral Lateral consonants are when the tongue blocks the middle of your mouth so that air has to pass around the sides. You create this when you There is one lateral consonant in English /l/ – “luck”- place the tip of the tongue at the alveolar ridge (alveolar)

Stop Like nasal consonants, stop consonants occur when the vocal tract is closed completely. But for stops the airflow is NOT redirected through the nose. Instead, the air quickly builds up pressure behind the articulators and then releases in a burst. English contains the following stop consonants. /p/ – purse and rap – oral passage is blocked by closing the lips (bilabial). /b/ – “back” and “cab” – oral passage is blocked by closing the lips (bilabial). /t/ – “tab” and “rat” – oral passage is blocked by pressing the tongue tip against the alveolar ridge (alveolar) /d/ – “dip” and “bad” – oral passage is blocked by pressing the tongue tip against the alveolar ridge (alveolar) /k/ – “kite” and “back” – block airflow with the back of the tongue against the soft palate (velar). /g/ – “good” and “bug” – block airflow with the back of the tongue against the soft palate (velar).

Consonants In articulatory phonetics, consonants are speech sounds that are articulated with partial or complete closure of the vocal tract. Examples are [p] and [b], pronounced with the lips; [t] and [d], pronounced with the front of the tongue; [k] and [g], pronounced with the back of the tongue; [h], pronounced in the throat; [f], [v], and [s], pronounced by forcing air through a narrow channel (fricative); and [m] and [n], which have air flowing through the nose (nasal). Contrasting with consonants are vowels. Since the number of speech sounds in the world's languages is far greater than the number of letters in a single alphabet, linguists have devised systems such as the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) to assign a unique, unambiguous symbol to each consonant attested. The English alphabet has fewer consonants than the English alphabet, so digraphs such as ch⟩, sh⟩, th⟩, and ng⟩ are used to expand the alphabet, although some letters and digraphs represent more than one consonant. For example, the sound that is spelled th in "this" is a different consonant than the th sound in "thin". (In IPA, they are [ð] and [θ], respectively.)

Place of Articulation In articulatory phonetics, the place of articulation (also the point of articulation) of a consonant is the point of contact at which obstruction occurs in the vocal tract between the active articulator (usually several parts of the tongue), and the passive location (usually several parts of the tongue). part of the roof of the mouth). Active articulators are so named because they are capable of performing voluntary movements, whereas passive articulators are so called because they are usually fixed and are part of the active articulators. Along with the way of articulation and phonation, the place of articulation gives a distinctive consonant sound. The terminology in this article has been developed to accurately describe all consonants in all the spoken languages of the world. There is no known language that distinguishes all the places described here so less precision is required to distinguish the sounds of a particular language.

Cetakan pertama, Juni 2022 Penulis: 1. Dwi Astuti Wahyu Nurhayati 2. Dimas Maulana Editor: Dimas Maulana Perancang sampul: Dimas Maulana Tata letak: Dimas Maulana Penerbit: Yudha English Galery Jl. Karanganyar Blok D No.0, komplek Untan, Pontinak (www.yudhaenglishgalery.com) 085252141648 director@yudhaenglishgalery.com

Foreword Praise be to God Almighty. For His grace and guidance, the writer was able to complete the final semester assignment entitled “Voicing and Consonants” on time. This book is structured to fulfill the task of Inferential Listening Comprehension Subject. In addition, this paper aims to add insight about learning English for readers and also for writers. The author would like to thank Mrs. Dwi Astuti Wahyu Nurhayati as a teacher of Inferential Listening Comprehension. Thanks are also extended to all those who have assisted in the completion of this paper. The author realizes that this paper is still far from perfect. Therefore, suggestions and constructive criticism are highly expected for the perfection of this paper. Tulungagung, 16 June 2021 Writer Dimas Maulana

Do you notice how I keep using the terms restriction and obstruction? I do this because there are many ways to make the air flow through your oral passage. For example, you can squeeze the back of your tongue against your velum to block the airflow. Or you can lightly touch that same place and let some air pass through. Although both of these motions occur at the same place, they make different sounds because of the manner of articulation. This is part of the reason it is possible to have so many distinct consonant sounds at the same place of articulation. The manner of articulation is the way the airstream is affected as it flows from the lungs and out the nose and mouth. On this page I will cover six different manners of articulation in English that will distinguish one

consonant sound from the next. There is a lot of information on this page, so don't worry if you can't remember everything now. You can always bookmark this page and refer back to it. Looking at these sounds from a different perspective will help you develop your physical awareness of them. Make sure to try these movements out loud to yourself to really feel them.