Journey to the center of the earth

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~ Did you know? The crust forms only 1 per cent of the earth, 84 per cent consists of the mantle and 15 per cent makes core

~The radius of the earth is 6371 km.

~ The inner core is almost the size of the Moon.&nbsp;

~ The&nbsp;Outer Core&nbsp;is about 4000-5000 degrees Celsius. The&nbsp;Inner Core&nbsp;is so hot it causes all the metal in the&nbsp;Outer Core to melt into liquid magma.

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Sedimentary Sedimentary rocks&nbsp;are types of&nbsp;rocks&nbsp;that are formed by the deposition of minerals on the Earth's surface,

Metamorphic rocks started out as some other type of rock, but have been substantially changed from their original&nbsp;igneous , sedimentary or earlier metamorphic form.

Igneous rock is formed through the cooling and solidification of magma or lava. The magma can be gotten from partial melting  of existing rocks in either a planet's mantle or crust.

Rocks are made up of different minerals. Minerals are naturally occurring substances which have certain physical properties and definite chemical composition. Minerals are very important to humankind. Some are used as fuels. For example, coal, natural gas and petroleum. They are also used in industries – iron, aluminium, gold, uranium, etc, in medicine, in fertilisers, etc.

Rocks are very useful to us. The hard rocks are used for making roads, houses and buildings. You use stones in many games. For example, seven stones (pitthoo), hop- scotch (stapu/kit kit), five stones (gitti). Find out some more such games by asking your grand parents, parents, neighbours, etc.

You will be surprised to know that one type of rock changes to another type under certain conditions in a cyclic manner. This process of transformation of the rock from one to another is known as the rock cycle. You have already learnt when themolten magma cools; it solidifies to become igneous rock. These igneous rocks are broken down into small particles that are transported and deposited to form sedimentary rocks. When the igneous and sedimentary rocks are subjected to heat and pressure they change into metamorphic rocks. The metamorphic rocks which are still under great heat and pressure melt down to form molten magma. This molten magma again can cool down and solidify into igneous rocks

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Rock Cycle

It all starts with magma or lava which cools down and makes a rock

These rocks collide, crash, get weathered and break into sediments. these sediments come together to form sedimentary rocks

These rocks then turn into metamorphic rock rocks. Which under pressure, can turn into magma continuing the cycle

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JOURNEY TO THE CENTRE OF THE EARTH Explorers of 7 E

1. Plate Tectonics Keep the Planet Comfortable: 2. Earth is Almost a geode 3. Earth is Mostly Iron, Oxygen and Silicon: 4. 70% of the&nbsp;<a href="https://www.universetoday.com/25756/surface-area-of-the-earth/">Earth’s Surface</a>&nbsp;is Covered in Water: 5. The Earth’s Atmosphere Extends to a Distance of 10,000 km: 6. The Earth’s Molten Iron Core Creates a Magnetic Field:

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Asmita

Natural&#160; Example- Atmosphere, hydrosphere, Lithosphere and biosphere

Human&#160; Example- Family, Religion, Community, Economic, Individual, Political situation and Educational

Human Made Example- Parks, roads, monuments, Bridges, Buildings and Industries

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Igneous rocks When the molten magma cools, it becomes solid. Thus igneous rocks are formed. they are also called&#160;primary rocks

Metamorphic rocks&#160; Did you know that under alot of pressure and and heat, igneous and sedimentry rocks can change into metamorphic rocks?! thats why they are called metamorphic.

Sedimetry rocks When rocks collide, Roll down etc, They break down into smaller parts called sedimets.Thus sedimetry rocks are formed

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Chapter 15 The Story of the Earth....Exploring through Pangeas &amp; Tectonic Plates

240 million years ago, I was a giant supercontinent called Pangea.&nbsp;&nbsp;The Pangea was surrounded by a single ocean called The Panthalassa.

Deep under the Earth, the ground is broken into pieces like a jigsaw called Tectonic Plates.&nbsp;

&nbsp;The crust is continuously moving @10 cm per year through a process called 'plate tectonics'. The convection current in the Earth's mantle caused the plates to move and collide and break into fragments, thus forming continents.

The tectonic plates meet and interact at boundaries and faults in different ways. When they move towards each other, they collide and push the land upwards to form mountains(Convergent Interaction).&nbsp;When they move apart in different directions, it creates rifts and volcanic eruptions(Divergent Interaction).&nbsp;When the plates slide past each other, they grind, causing pressure which eventually leads to Earthquakes(Transform Interaction).

So is the story of the Earth that shapes the landscapes.

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The Earth has three layers - crust , mantle and the core . The core is further divided into inner and outer core . The crust is the thinnest and the uppermost layer . It is about 35 km on the continental masses and 5 km on the ocean floors . Beneath the crust comes mantle , which extends to 2900 km below the crust . The innermost layer is the core which has a radius of 3500 km . Even though the temperature at the inner core is extremely high , the inner core is solid due to the high pressure and gravity .

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Rocks&nbsp;are generally not uniform or made up of exact structures that can be described by scientific formulas.

There are three major types of&nbsp; rocks: Metamorphic Igneous Sedimentary.

&nbsp;As soon as new igneous&nbsp; rock&nbsp;is formed, the processes of weathering and erosion begin, starting the whole &nbsp;cycle&nbsp;over again!

The Earth has three layers- Crust , Mantle and Core(Inner Core and Outer Core). The crust is the thinnest layer and the uppermost. It is about 35 km. There are two parts-Continental crust and Oceanic crust.

Just beneath the crust is the mantle which extends up to a depth of 2900 km.

The innermost layer in the core with a radius of about 3500 km. It is mainly made by nickel and iron, its called nife.

What is ‘Environment’?

The environment is our basic life support system. It provides the air we breathe, the water we drink, the food we eat, and the land where we live.

There are two components that come together to make the environment.&nbsp; Biotic and Abiotic Biotic The world of living organisms. e.g. plants and animals.&nbsp; Abiotic The world of non-living elements. e.g. land, buildings, furniture, etc.