This is fantastic - great work. Wow.

Bacteria, Viruses, and Antibiotics

Johnny and Carlos

Wednesday, November 4

Introduction

Hello there! I just wanted to inform you that in this book you will be learning all about Bacteria, Antibiotics, and Viruses. You will learn what Bacteria, Antibiotics, and Viruses do to you and how they might affect you. And you will also learn the different type of species of bacteria and viruses.

Questions and Answers


1. One question we have is, What is phage therapy? You see, Phage therapy is used when bad bacteria is not dying to the antibiotics. And the way phage therapy works is that a doctor has to inject you with phages. (And these phages are viruses that only kill bad bacteria) Once your doctor injects you with a few thousand phages, the phages go to work and kill the bad bacteria that is causing you to be really sick.

2. Another question we have is, What is the immune system? Your immune system is something that is made up of cells, organs,and tissue. And they help you fight off some infection of bad bacteria. For example the way your immune deals with infection/bad bacteria is by using antibodies. And these antibodies are really strong. 

3. The next question we have is, What do you know about fecal transplants? A fecal transplant is when you use a healthy family member's donor poop to help you get better bacteria and help fight a disease called C.diff. A fecal transplant is also used when the antibiotics aren't helping but just making the infection, dieses, worser. Oh and when an antibiotic is killing all your good bacteria.

4. The fourth question we have is, How do bacteria and antibiotics connect to fecal transplants? Antibiotics and bacteria connect to the fecal transplant because the antibiotics she took were strong and killed her MRSA infection but it also killed a large amount of her good bacteria. And also she had no healthy gut microbiome which caused her to get a dangerous infection called C.diff. And they cured the C.diff by using a relative poop. And if you didn’t know poop has a lot of good bacteria which could cure her infection which it did. But the percentage of the fecal transplant to work was 80%. 

5. The last question we have is, What is the difference between bacteria and viruses? The difference between bacteria and viruses is that viruses need a host to multiply. Also bacteria a single cell living thing and a virus doesn’t have a cell. Another thing is that bacteria can be sometimes be killed by antibiotics and viruses can’t be killed by antibiotics.                                                                                      

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Bacteria vocabulary words

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1.Bacilli- Rod shaped bacteria 
2.Cocci- Sphere-shaped bacteria
3.Eubacteria- Bacteria that live everywhere 
4.Heterotroph- A organism that can’t make its own food
5.Disinfectint- A chemical used on surfaces 

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Bacteria

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Bacteria are microscopic little things. They live in soil in the ocean and in our body! Bacteria can help us digest our food when our body can’t. It can also help you fight off the bad bacteria. Bacteria is made up of one single cell. Bacteria come in different shapes and sizes for example rods, spheres, and circles. And the only time we should be worried about bacteria is when there is a super bug inside you because antibiotics don’t work on super bugs and they get you really sick, and you can die from super bugs. Good bacteria is a type of living thing that lives in your body and protects you from specific bad bacteria that can be killed by good bacteria . One name of good bacteria is Lactobacillus. Another example of good bacteria is in your digestive system and the good bacteria in your digestive system actually help you digest food better. Bad bacteria is the opposite of good bacteria. Bad bacteria wants to harm your body in many different ways. For example, bad bacteria can give you infection, and salmonella too. A super bug is a bad bacteria that has evolved from a little basic bacteria to a bacteria that even antibiotics can’t kill. For example the way super bugs are basically immune to antibiotics is because super bugs spit out the antibiotic and don’t get harmed in the process. One fact I found amazing was that bacteria can pass on their DNA before they are about to die. One scary fact I found is that super bugs kill over 2.2 million people. One question I have is what do bacteria need to stay alive.

Newsela article-What are antibodies?

Two things I found interesting were that your immune system can assemble an army to protect you from germs. The second thing I found interesting was that your immune system has these things called antibodies and their job is to attack the proteins in your body that don’t belong there. Two important facts I learned about the article were that when an antibody spots an antigen the antigen attaches itself to an antibody. Then that alerts the immune system which causes the immune system to send IgE antibodies, IgA antibodies, and IgG antibodies. All of their job is to help fight off the antigens. But except for IgE. IgE is supposed to alert the immune system which then goes into “turbo mode” which causes you to get runny noses and make your skin itch. One main idea I learned was that IgE, IgA, and IgG all help do something to protect your body.

Amplify Article-Bacteria Salmonella 

One thing I found interesting was that Salmonella can go to your blood and can cause you to have severe disease or even death. Another thing I found interesting was that if you don’t have enough bacteria in your gut the salmonella can reproduce and if your gut has a lot of bacteria the salmonella can’t reproduce which causes salmonella to do nothing to you. One important fact I learned is that food poisoning isn’t actually caused by poison. It is caused by bacteria or salmonella that is found in chicken or other animals. The next important fact I learned about is that one way not to get salmonella is to cook the food properly then instead of eating your food raw and getting salmonella.

Virus vocabulary

 1.Bacteriophage- Is a type of virus that infects bacteria
2.Lyse- Means to burst
3.Influenza-The virus that caused a pandemic in 1918
4.Capsid- The outer layer of a virus
5.Arvoviruses-Viurses that are transmitted by insects

Viruses

A virus is a nonliving thing that just floats in our body until it finds a host like a cell. And a virus's body isn’t too complex. It is made up of DNA and outer protein and some fats. That's why viruses cannot be considered as a living thing. People discovered viruses through tobacco mosaic. Viruses go inside of your body from your mouth or other places then start attacking your bacteria or cells too. Viruses are reproducing to have an army so they can infect us or get us sick. 1. Arvoviruses are viruses that are transmitted by insects.
2. Hantavirus is a virus that spreads through pee or field mice. One advantage that humans have over viruses and bacteria is that there is a type of virus that only attacks bad bacteria and not the blood cells and not the good bacteria too. Your immune system can get rid of a virus with what we call antibodies. And these antibodies stick onto viruses and fight them off. The difference between viruses and bacteria is that bacteria have a cell and a virus doesn’t. Also bacteria is a living thing and a virus isn’t a living thing because a virus doesn’t have a cell. Also viruses are resistant to antibiotics, and vaccines and bacteria arn´t resistant to antibiotics, and vaccines unless we are talking about super bugs. Another thing is that viruses need a host to start doing their misfits and bacteria don’t need a host to do their misfits. One thing I found interesting was that a virus needs a host to actually start doing it’s things. But other than that they just float around in our body until they find a host. One scary fact I know about viruses is that once a virus attaches to a host the virus will start to multiply until the host bursts open or dies.

Antibiotic vocabulary

1.How do antiprotozoal drugs work?- By targeting the DNA 
2.How does Tamiflu work?- Blocks viral entry
3.How do interferons work?- interferes with viral replication
4.What is combination therapy?- Taking 2 or more antibiotics at once
5.What is an alternate method to treat bacterial infections?- Bacteriophage