Weather N5

<a href="https://www.sqa.org.uk/pastpapers/papers/papers/2017/N5_Geography_all_2017.pdf">WEATHER 6</a>

Anticyclones bring different weather conditions throughout the year. Describe the benefits and problems of an anticyclone in summer. 4

3a. The characteristics of weather associated with depressions.

How does atmospheric pressure affect weather?

Latitude 2.Places in the North are less warm because the sun’s rays are less concentrated further away from the equator.&nbsp; 3. It’s colder further North because there is more atmosphere for the sun’s rays to pass through.

1. The effect of latitude, relief, aspect and distance from sea on local weather conditions

<a href="https://www.twigscotland.com/film/climate-influences-1366/">https://www.twigscotland.com/film/climate-influences-1366/</a> 3.18 minutes

A Depression (Low Pressure System)&nbsp;

<a href="https://www.sqa.org.uk/pastpapers/papers/papers/2014/N5_Geography_all_2014.pdf">WEATHER 4</a>

Study the Synoptic Chart and the synoptic symbols in Diagram Q4B. Give reasons for the differences in the weather conditions between Ballycastle and Lerwick. 5

Aspect 9. In the northern hemisphere south facing slopes can be warmer because they face the sun.

5 Main Air Masses which affect the UK

1. Tropical Maritime (mT) - Atlantic Ocean Warm and wet 2. Tropical Continental (cT) - Southern Europe and North Africa Warm and dry 3. Polar Maritime (mP) - North Atlantic Cold and wet 4. Polar Continental (cP) - Northern Europe Cold and dry 5. Arctic Maritime (mA) - Arctic Ocean Very cold seldom wet due to low humidity.

Synoptic chart for Monday, 16 April 2016 at 8am

Explain the changes that will take place in the weather in Stirling over the next 24 hours. 4

<a href="https://www.sqa.org.uk/pastpapers/papers/papers/2017/N5_Geography_all_2017.pdf">WEATHER 5</a>

Study Diagram Give reasons for the weather conditions at Bathgate on 28th December 2014. 5

Altitude 6. The higher up in altitude the colder it gets. 7. It get cooler by approx. 1⁰C for every 100 metres in height. 8. Wind speeds increase with altitude which can affect temperature.

Low Pressure Systems: Depressions

4. Wind is strong when the isobars are close together. 5. Wind moves anti – clockwise round a depression (Low Pressure).&nbsp;

High Pressure Systems: Anti-Cyclones Summer &amp; Winter

High Pressure - Summer High pressure in the summer often brings fine, warm weather. It can lead to long warm sunny days and prolonged dry periods. 1. Warm because there is no cloud to obscure the sun 2. No Clouds because air is falling and warming so no condensation 3. Dry because there are no fronts to bring rain

Distance from the Sea 4. The West coast is warmer in the winter because of the North Atlantic Drift&nbsp;/ Gulf Stream. 5. Places closer to the sea have milder winters and cooler summers because the sea heats up slowly in summer and cool slowly in winter.&nbsp;

3b: The characteristics of weather associated with anticyclones

Weather associated with Anticyclones (High Pressure)

During an Anti-cyclone (high pressure) the air is falling, which means it is getting warmer as it gets to ground level.&nbsp;As such the moisture in the air will not condense into clouds but we have fine dry and sunny conditions.

Latitude 1.Places in the South are warmer because they are nearer the Equator.

<a href="https://www.sqa.org.uk/pastpapers/papers/papers/2018/N5_Geography_all_2018.pdf">WEATHER 1</a>

Look at Diagram. Explain the factors which affect average temperatures in the UK. 4

Diagram: Average annual UK temperatures

N5 2019 Using the synoptic chart, give reasons for the changes which the weather forecast predicts for Penzance during Sunday 26 February. 4

‘Sunny intervals will give way to heavy showers. Winds, at first strong, will become lighter and more westerly. Temperatures will drop.’

Warm Front A warm front is symbolized on a weather map as a line with semicircles. Warm fronts are often coloured red. The presence of a warm front means that warm air is advancing and rising over cold air. This is because warm air is 'lighter' or less dense, than cold air. Warm air is replacing cooler air at the surface.&nbsp;

WEATHER National 5 Geography

<a href="https://www.sqa.org.uk/pastpapers/papers/papers/2014/N5_Geography_all_2014.pdf">WEATHER 2</a>

Look at Diagram. Describe how a prolonged spell with a tropical continental air mass in summer would affect the people of the British Isles. 3

How to read a synoptic chart

Weather associated with Depressions (Low Pressure)

Weather fronts mark the boundary between two air masses, which often have contrasting properties. For example, one air mass may be cold and dry, and the other air mass may be relatively warm and moist.

What are weather fronts?

Low Pressure Systems: Depressions

1. Temperature is dependent on the stage of the depression. 2. When air is forced to rise it cools and this makes the moisture in the air condense to form clouds. 3. It rains close to Fronts, the rain is heavier on a Cold Front because the air is forced to rise more rapidly.

In the Winter Maritime Arctic (mA) – Wet &amp; Very Cold

1. Lots of snow can block roads / railways. 2. Cause extra heating bills. 3. Icy conditions can be dangerous for driving / walking. 4. Can cause school to close.

In the Summer Continental Tropical (cT) – Dry &amp; Hot

1. Lots of heat can cause heat stroke / sunburn.&nbsp; 2. Problems for farmers as crops can die. 3. Forest / heath fires.&nbsp; 4. Extra money for shops sells ice cream / BBQs.

Within the context of the United Kingdom: 1.The effect of latitude, relief, aspect and distance from sea on local weather conditions 2.The characteristics of the five main air masses affecting the UK 3.The characteristics of weather associated with depressions and anticyclones

<a href="https://www.sqa.org.uk/pastpapers/papers/papers/2019/N5_Geography_all_2019.pdf">WEATHER 3</a>

Study Diagram. Draw a weather station circle to show the weather conditions described. 4

Diagram: Weather report •northerly wind •30 knots •snow showers •sky obscured

High Pressure - Winter High pressure in the winter often leads to cold, dry days with light winds. Severe nighttime frosts can develop if skies are clear. 1. Cold because there is a lack of cloud allowing heat to escape 2. No Clouds because air is falling and warming so no condensation 3. Dry because there are no fronts to bring rain/snow

2. The characteristics of the five main air masses affecting the UK

What are air masses?

Cold Front A cold front is symbolized on a weather map as a line with triangles. Cold fronts are often coloured blue. The presence of a cold front means that cold air is advancing and pushing underneath warmer air. This is because the cold air is 'heavier', or denser, than the warm air. Cold air is replacing warm air at the surface.&nbsp;

High Pressure Systems: Anti-Cyclones Wind Speed and Direction

4. Winds are low or calm because the isobars are far apart. 5. Wind moves clockwise round an anti-cyclone (High Pressure