Human Environments 4
URBAN
BRAZIL
National 5
Geography
BRAZIL
National 5
Geography
URBAN - BRAZIL
Within the context of Developing Countries:
In the context of urban areas:
1.recent developments which deal with issues in shanty towns in developing world cities
In the context of urban areas:
1.recent developments which deal with issues in shanty towns in developing world cities
Location: Rocinha - Rio de Janeiro
Rio is Brazil’s second largest city.
It is located on the south east coast.
Approximately one fifth (20%) of the 6.3 million population live in shanty towns.
The biggest shanty town in Rio is Rocinha
It is located on the south east coast.
Approximately one fifth (20%) of the 6.3 million population live in shanty towns.
The biggest shanty town in Rio is Rocinha
Loading...
FavelasLoading...
Favelas are found on the outskirts of the city often on hillsides as the land is not in demand as it is difficult to build on.Rochina is a favela housing more than 100,000 people in Rio.
Loading...
Loading...
https://www.twigscotland.com/film/brazil-life-in-a-favela-1601/3.01 minutes
Loading...
Loading...
Rio’s Shanty Town problemsLoading...
Rapid growth leads to1.Inadequate housing and services. 20% live in Shanty towns.
2.Shanty town services are non-existent leading to a low standard of living.
3.Shortage of affordable formal housing.
4.Shanty towns form on inappropriate land, e.g. liable to flooding.
5.Collapsing infrastructure, roads, sewerage etc.
6.Increasing levels of pollution.
7.Increased volume of traffic on poor roads.
8.Lack of employment increases the informal sector.
9. Crime, as many areas are controlled by local drug cartels.
Problems in Rio Shanty Towns
Housing in Rochina – overcrowding & unstable buildings
Sanitation problems - Open sewers and sewage contaminating drinking water supply.
Crime – Drug cartels & poverty breeds violent crime
Pollution –open sewers and lack of rubbish collection facilities
Unemployment – people work in the informal sector due to a lack of jobs
Sanitation problems - Open sewers and sewage contaminating drinking water supply.
Crime – Drug cartels & poverty breeds violent crime
Pollution –open sewers and lack of rubbish collection facilities
Unemployment – people work in the informal sector due to a lack of jobs
Solution 1. Redevelopment
1.Clearance of the slums: In the past the authorities tried to clear the slums - people just moved elsewhere.
2. Housing developments: Tower blocks built to re-house the residents.
However often these flats are not suitable for the residents as they are too far away from their work / family, or too expensive.
2. Housing developments: Tower blocks built to re-house the residents.
However often these flats are not suitable for the residents as they are too far away from their work / family, or too expensive.
Solution 2. Site and service schemes
3. Prefabricated houses have been built in Rocinha by the Brazilian Government, with basic facilities like toilets and electricity.
4. The migrant is given rights of ownership and then expected to complete the work at his or her expense.
As people have been given ownerships rights, they will spend their own money on the properties.
4. The migrant is given rights of ownership and then expected to complete the work at his or her expense.
As people have been given ownerships rights, they will spend their own money on the properties.
5. Improved services such as Refuse collection is organised, schools and health centres are built. This is often done as a cooperative between groups of families.
6. Security has been improved by having more police patrols, which have helped to reduce drugs related crime.
These schemes are relatively cheap and give the migrants a sense of control over their future. They also encourage community spirit.
6. Security has been improved by having more police patrols, which have helped to reduce drugs related crime.
These schemes are relatively cheap and give the migrants a sense of control over their future. They also encourage community spirit.
Favela Bairro Scheme
Solution 3. Self Help Schemes
7. Self-help schemes provide the residents of the shanty towns with the materials to improve their existing shelters.
It is a cheaper option than the site and service schemes but also takes a long time to complete and rarely done to a proper standard.
It is a cheaper option than the site and service schemes but also takes a long time to complete and rarely done to a proper standard.
Solution 4. New Towns – Barra da Tijuca
8. In 1960 this New Town was built to supply enough homes for those arriving in Rio. Starting out with a population of 2,500 it is now over 100,000.
Only those who can afford the house prices and to travel into Rio can afford to live here.
Only those who can afford the house prices and to travel into Rio can afford to live here.
